2022年高中虚拟语气学案 .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载语法讲解 虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中假设种类虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If+主语 +动词的过去式（动词be用 were) 主 语 +should, would,might, could动词原形与过去相反If+主语+had +过去分词主语 should, would,might, couldhave +过去分词与将来相反1.If+主 语 + 动 词 过 去 式2.If+主语+were to do 3.If+主语+should do 主语 should, wou

2、ld, might, could动词原形1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：If we_(have) time now, we_( read )it again. If I_(be) you, I_( work )hard. 2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I_(know)your telephone number then, I_(call) you. 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：If it _(snow) tomorrow, they

3、 _( not go) out. P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合 /错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you_(follow) my advice, you _( be) better now. If I_(be) you, I_(take) his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去) （2）省略 if 的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had 时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what

4、would you do? _, what would you do? If he had recognized me, he would have come over. _, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for( 要是没有 ), otherwise, or, but 等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not hav

5、e succeeded. But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry. He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he _(attend) the party. 二 虚拟语气用于从句中，should 可以省略的情况1.在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求） , order, pr

6、efer, command, ask, request. The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time. P.S. 当 suggest表示暗示，说明之意；insist 表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。He suggested that we _(offer) our help to them. His puzzled expression suggested that he _(not understand) what the American meant. I insist

7、ed that the boy _(wash) his hands before having supper. I insisted that I _(take) the early train that morning. 2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order. His proposal is that we (sho

8、uld) get rid of the bad habits. （表语从句）We are all for the proposal that t we (should) get rid of the bad habits. （同位语从句）3.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语 +should+动词原形（ should可以省略）这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful. 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded

9、, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested. 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame. It was suggested that he_(join) the club activities. It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited. It is a pity that he (should) refuse to

10、 accept the offer. 三从句中虚拟时态后移的结构 wish/ if only 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish 后接过去完成时表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 后接 would ， could+ 动词原形 He wish he _(buy) the dictionary last Sunday. I wish I _(fly )to the moon in a spaceship one day. How I wish I _(not have) so

11、much homework. If only I _ (be)a flying bird! If only I _ (see) the film! 2. 在 as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语 +as if/ though +主语 +一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语 +as if/ though +主语 +would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语 +as if/ though +主语 +过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -

12、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载He talks as if he _(know) all about it. She speaks English well as if he _(speak) in America. He learns English so hard as if he _( go) abroad. 3.在 it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而

13、没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we _(go) home. P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the + 序数词 +time that+ 现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I have been here. 4. would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。would rather + 主语 +_ （表示与现在或将来相反）would rather + 主语 +_ （表示与过去相反）I d rather he didn t go now. I d rather you hadn t d

14、one it yesterday. 5. 动词 hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think 等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算，本认为He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained. （他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）Part A. 1. If people _(drive) more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.2. If you had worked carefully, you _(not make) so ma

15、ny mistakes. 3. The boat wouldnt have drifted away, if we _ (tie) it up.4. If I had known you already _(have) a typewriter, I _(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5. If he _(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _(postpone). 7. But for your help, we _(n

16、ot be) able to finish the work in time. 8. If it _(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9. I wish I _(study) hard while I was young. 10. It is about time that fence _(mend). 11. My request is that we _(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12. It is s

17、trange that the car _(break) down at exactly the same place where it _(break) down yesterday. 13. The baby smiled as if he _(understand) what his mother _(say). 14. He talked as if he _(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _(do) most of it. 15. If only we _(have) a phone! Im tired of queu

18、ing outside the public phone box.16. - “Can we come in late tomorrow?” - “I d rather you_(come) in on time.”17. He looks as if he _(be) ill for a long time. 18. He always talks as though he _(address) a public meeting. 19. If a metal _(heat), it will expand. 20. I _(stay) home if it rains this eveni

19、ng. Part B. 1. She would call you immediately if she _(need) help. 2. If I had seen the movie, I _(tell) you all about it now. 3. If he _(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4. _ I _(take) my umbrella with me when I _(come) out this morning, I _(not be) so wet now. 5. If you

20、 had listened to me, you _ (not be) in such trouble now. 6. I wish they _ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7. It is inconceivable that he _ (not see) me that day for I _(wave) to her. 8. What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _(cut) down. 9. Mr

21、. Jones would rather _(stay) home last night. 10. Henry would rather that his brother _(work) in the same department as he does. 11. Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _(be) a fluid. 12. We _(invite) her to the party but we didnt know that she _(already, come) back from abroad.

22、13. Todays industrial production _(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14. I hate driving. Id much rather you _(drive).15. The guests _(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16. Mother_(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17. Even if I _(be) wi

23、th you then, I _(can, not, do) much for you. 18. A less conscientious man _(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19. Do you wish that you _(have) a sister like her? 20. Isn t it surprising that he _(have) two car accidents during the past week?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

24、- - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载虚拟语气练习题精选1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to

25、D. to be left; for 3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 5. I suggested there _ be a kind o

26、f language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / 6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent

27、B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 8. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页

28、- - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 10. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 11. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 1

29、2. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 13. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 14. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 15. - “Ha

30、ve you ever been to Beijing?” - “No, but I wish I _” A. have B. will C. do D. had 16. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. I d fail C. I d have failed D. I ll have failed 17. - “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I don t know, but its high time _ somet

31、hing.”A. I m deciding B. I ll decide C. I decided D. I decide 18. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 19. But for their help, we _ the program in time. A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished 20. He did

32、not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. A . could express. B. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must have expressed. 21. But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win.

33、 D. would have won. 22. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 23. If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded 24. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was

34、sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 25. If he _ me his telephone number yesterday, I _ able to ring him up now. A. told; would be B. had told; would be C. h

35、ad told; would have been D. told; am 26. If I _ you, I _ to Australia with Mr. Smith. A. had been; would go B. were; had gone C. were; would have gone D. am; will go 27. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 28. Our monitor was absen

36、t. Otherwise I _ the chair. A. would not take B. didnt take C. hadnt taken D. wouldnt have taken 29. The experiment has failed! Isuggestthat you _ again. A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try 30. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan. A. didnt agree B. hadnt agreed C. would

37、nt agree D. not agree 31. The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to C. should engage to D. must be engaged to 32. She insisted that she _

38、ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe. A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speak C. wouldnt speak D. not speak 33. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 34. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have h

39、urried B. neednt have hurried C. must not hurry D. couldnt have hurried 35. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 36. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.

40、A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 37. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 38. I didnt

41、see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 39. Why didn t you buy a new car? I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. had had 40.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least on

42、ce a year. A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have 41.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting. A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. will come 42. _, John would not have failed. A. If he has listened to me B. Had he listened to me C. If he listened to me D. As he listened to me 43. Had

43、 Alice been more hardworking, she _. A. had not failed B. would not have failed C. would not fail D. could not be failed 44. The chairman requested that _. A. the members studied the problem more carefully B. the problem were more carefully studied C. the problem could be studied with more care D. t

44、he members study the problem more carefully 45. Jill would rather we _ now, but we must go to work. A. not leave B. had not leftC. didnt leave D. not to be left 46. - “Shall I open the window?”-“I d rather _.”A. you had better not B. you dontC. you shouldnt D. you didnt47. If you hadnt taken such a

45、long time to get dressed, wed _ there by now.A. be B. get C. have got at D. have been 48. _, Gerald would have been a rich man. A. Was he to enter business B. Were he entered business C. Had he entered business D. If he was to enter business 49. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as y

46、ou do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 50. I would have been able to help him, but I _ so busy. A. were B. had been C. was D. would be 51. It is desirable that the airplane _ as light as possible. A. was B. be C. is D. were 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名

47、师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载52. - “Mrs. Williams can speak Japanese.”-“But she would rather _ English with us.”A. speak B. spoke C. to speak D. had spoken 53. John would rather that Jane _ to the party yesterday evening. A. did not go B. not goC. had not gone D. wouldn

48、 t gone54. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 55. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 56. The young man insisted that he _ nothing

49、wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 57. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 58._ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to le

50、ave D. If he leave 59. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 60. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made 用所给动词的适当形式填空：Part A. 21.