2022年高中虚拟语气归纳 .pdf

《2022年高中虚拟语气归纳 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中虚拟语气归纳 .pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、学习好资料欢迎下载虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想，而非客观事实。一虚拟语气在非真实条件句从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had ）主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seizethe opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相反的假设If + 主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/

2、might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. 与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是 would)主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If you cametomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting

3、. If he shouldnot come tomorrow, we should putoff the meeting till next Monday. 1. 错综时间条件句（混合条件句）主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - -

4、 - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 1. 虚拟语气倒装形式（省略if）虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, had可以将 if 省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had comeearlier, you would catch the bus

5、. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 注：在倒装时，不能有缩略形式：Weren t it for the expense (*) Were it not for the expense 2. 介词短语代替条件状语从句常用词： with, but for, without What would you do with a million dollars? (=if

6、you had a million dollars) We couldn t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn t got your help) Without your help, we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 3. 含蓄条件句有在虚拟语气中并不

7、总是出现if 引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句 ) I might have given y

8、ou more help, but I was too busy. ( 连词) Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构 ) 二虚拟语气在名词性从句1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句：在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose 等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形

9、式， 从句的谓语形式均为名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载should+ 动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒： 不是用 would,而是用 should。 ）常见的这类动词有 : ask 要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求， request 请求, insist, require 要求 , order 下令 , propose

10、, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁 愿 , permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint 等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。在 It is/was +上述动词的 -ed形式+that从句中It is suggested by the

11、 doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语， 引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 2. 虚拟语气用于主语从句：在a pity, a shame, no wonder, strange, sorry, necessary, natural, impossibl

12、e, important 后面that 引导的主语从句总要使用should+动词原形， should 可以被省略，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等含义。在It is /was necessary, important等形容词 +that从句中 ， 常 见 的 这 类 形 容 词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会

13、议。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。在 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that 从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam. It is no wonder he be late for class. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载3. 虚

14、拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句，从句中同样使用should+动词原形， should 可以省略。这些名词有advice, demand, plan, eida, order, request, proposal, suggestion等。We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that we should do exercises first. 三虚拟语气的其他用法在 wish 后面 的 宾 语从句中对现在的虚拟， 从句的谓语动词用过去时I wish I w

15、ere a little younger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟， 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+ 现在完成时”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我当时在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟， 从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”I wish he could explain what he means. 在if only感叹句中表示 “但愿” ， “要是就好了 ”用法和 wish 基本相同，只是比 wish 具有更

16、强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop . (对将来 的虚拟 )但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (对现在 的虚拟 )我的个子要是能高一点就好了。If only I had followedyour advice! ( 对过去的虚拟 )要是我听从了你的建议就好了！表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时I really don t like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好名师资料总

17、结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载在 as if/as though引导 的 从 句中像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用 过去完成时He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我们讲发生的事情， 好像他当时在场一样。有时也用 陈述语气 ，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性It is becoming da

18、rk. It looks as if it s going to rain. 天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去过美国。在would rather 结构中would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆着。would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了

19、某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not have gone to the party. 她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”Don t come tomorrow. I d rather you camenext weekend. 明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件， “主语宁愿别人过去做了某事， 但实际上没有做”I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在It is (about, high) time+(that)从句中从句中用 过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱们应该开始干活了。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -