2022年初中英语名词讲解与练习 .pdf

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1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料(二）名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数 ：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以 -f 或-fe 结尾的词变-

2、f 和-fe 为 v 再加 -es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y为 i 加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y 结尾的，加 -s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-d

3、ays, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6 以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词有生命的加 -es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 无生命的加 -s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 7 以元音字母加 -o 结尾的名词加 -s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 以-th 结尾的名词加 -s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-m

4、onths, path-paths, 9 以 ce, se, ze, ge等结尾的名词加-s case，oranges 2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses

5、, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数 （成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义customs( 海 关 ), forces( 军 队 ), times( 时 代 ), spirits(情绪 ), drinks( 饮料 ), sand

6、s(沙滩 ), papers(文件报纸 ), manners(礼貌 ), looks(外表 ), brains(头脑智力 ), greens(青菜 ), ruins(废墟 ) 7 表示“某 国人”加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以-man 或-woman 结尾 Englishmen, Frenchwomen 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7、 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料的改为 -men,-women 8 合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词

8、词尾加s构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jack s book, her son-in-law s photo, 复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, women s rights, 以 s 结尾的人名所有格加s或者 Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加 sJapa

9、n s and America s problems, Jane s and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father 表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间today s newspaper, five weeks holiday 2 表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3 表示国家城市等地方的名词t

10、he countrys plan, the world s population, China s industry 4 表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5 表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples 6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7 某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措 ) 3. of 所有格的用法：用于无生

11、命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 注：不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinese, a Chinese, two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss, a Swiss, two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians, an Australian, two Australians

12、俄国人the Russians, a Russian, two Russians 意大利人the Italians, an Italian, two Italians 希腊人the Greek, a Greek, two Greeks 法国人the French, a Frenchman, two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese, a Japanese, two Japanese 美国人the Americans, an American, two Americans 印度人the Indians, an Indian, two Indians 加拿大人the Canadi

13、ans, a Canadian, two Canadians 德国人the Germans, a German, two Germans 英国人the English, an Englishman, two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish, a Swede, two Swedes 4.特殊的复数形式 :1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two 等修饰，只能在其前加the 表示 “ 全体 ” 。the police警察(指全体警察 ) the English英国人 (指全体英国人 ) the French法国人 (指全体法国人 )

14、 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料2）复合名词a woman teacherwomen teachers女教师an EnglishmanEnglishmen英国男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人a brother-in-law brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯5.不可数名词专有名词： NBA 全美篮球协会Michael Jackson 迈克杰克

15、逊the West Lake西湖物质名词：液体：milk watertea coffee juice oil( 油) 肉类： beef chicken mutton pork天气： weather rain snow wind light 光其他： news(新闻，消息 ) bread(面包) 抽象名词： fun love luck duty kindness善良 happiness幸福 progress进步【注意】有些 不可数 的物质名词有 复数形式 ，但表达不同意义。teadifferent kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food 食品all kinds of foods 各种各

16、样的食品fruit 水果all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果glass 玻璃a glass 一个玻璃杯glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯名词练习1. The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves 2. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 3. Which

17、do you prefer _ or _? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes 4. They are _ of different presses(出版社 ). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in- chiefsB. editors-in-chief, editor-in- chiefsC. editors-in- chiefs

18、, editors-in-chiefsD. editors-in-chief, editors-in- chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs 6. He doesnt like _ for supper.A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks 7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a 8. _ wonder

19、ful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 9. We know _ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound 10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles 11. A number of soldiers _ at he

20、camp gate（军营门口） . A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was 12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size 13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of 14. Mr Li shook

21、 _ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands 15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料16. I can t pay as _ as he asked for

22、.A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price 17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man sB. Men s C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wang sB. Wang s homeC. the Wangs D. home of Wang 19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe s20. Have

23、 you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired.A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and MarysC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and Mary23. Li Mings handwriti

24、ng is better than _ in the class.A. anyonesB. anyone else C. anyones elsesD. anyone elses24. The children are playing _ on the _. A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand 25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair 26. Tom usually takes a _ in

25、 bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel 27. We have no _ about where she has gone. A. information B. news C. message D. flash 28. Food and _ are daily necessities（需要） for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing 29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. stren

26、gth B. sense C. power D. skill 30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed. A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place 31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart. A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. s

27、triking 32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man 33. He was an _ in the government _. A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer 34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _. A. character, cha

28、racter B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character 35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day 36. My friend will return in _. A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two d

29、ays 37. _ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation 38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation 39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going

30、to 40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one 41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has 42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are 43. “ Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked.A. is B. was C. were D. a

31、re 44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _. A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit 45. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses 46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A.

32、 an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen 48. _ are made of _. A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses 49. I ll have to buy _ trouser

33、s.A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of 50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. LiusD. Lius51. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes 52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - -

34、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料C. students in mathematics D. mathematics students 53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反应） . A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices54. This letter was sent by _. A. my father friend B.

35、 my father friendsC. a friend of my fathersD. a friend of my father 55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs 56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend 57. The population of Beiji

36、ng is _ than that of Xian.A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small 58. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers 59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. use B. good C. difference D. result 60. You must get there within half an

37、hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man. A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry 61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_ . A. excuseB. senseC. use D. value 62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my _of spare time. A. ideaB.

38、 thought C. mind D. intention 63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ . A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course 64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz. A. view B. glance C. scree

39、nD. scene 65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed. (1999上海 ) A. effectB. useC. service D. existence 66. When you play football, what _do you play?A. situation B. place C. part D. position 67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies. A. si

40、tuation B. expression C. condition D. translation 68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness. A. achievement B. agreement C. viewD. appreciation名词答案：15 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 4145 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB 6165 B

41、ACAA 6670 DAD (三）冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an） ，定冠词（ the） ，和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法：1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示 “ 每一 ” 相当于 every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示 “ 相同 ” 相当于 the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr.

42、Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 6 用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one. 8 用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish t

43、o meet. II. 定冠词的用法：1 表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal. 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“ 一家人 ” 或“ 夫妇 ”the Greens, the W

44、angs 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass

45、 was invented in China. 10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11 用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour. 12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder. III. 零冠词的用法：1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book

46、, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America. 5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess. 6 与 by 连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land 7 以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, d

47、ay and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals. 练习题填空There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse4 _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hot Open _ door，please7Th

48、ere is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China10Are you going to do it _ second time？11Washington is _ capital of _ USA12 _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street13He joined the army in _ spring of _ 199514 _ ol

49、d man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper15After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 16Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat？17They went to _ Peoples Park，but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday18I often watch _ TV in _ evening19 _ day of _

50、 December 20，1999 is Monday 20Tomorrow is _ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _ Christmas tree today选择填空1 Does Jim have _ ruler？Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca；Dany；one 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay