2022年2022年句子成分及结构 .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载高一衔接阶段学案二Name: _ Class: _ Date: _ Designer: Li Aiqiong 句子成分及结构句子成分句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。一、主语主语 (subject)是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体，表示句子主要说明的人或事物。它的位置一般在句首。可用作主语的常有名词等。Aleaf has fallen off the tree. He told me a story. Three is enough. 用下划线标下列句中的主语，并指出其词性1、LishuiHigh School is a century-old s

2、chool._ 2、You are promising students._ 3、Five divided by five is one._ 4、The old should be well respected._ 5The idle are forced to work._ 6To exercise regularly is good for your health._ 7It is nice to see you again._ 8Smoking is harmful to your health._ 9Watching a movie is enjoyable._ 10 “How do

3、you do?” is a greeting._ 11 That he will come here tomorrow is certain._ 二、 .谓语谓语 (predicate)用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征。一般在主语之后。He worked hard all day today. He is looking after his little sister. 用下划线标出下列句子中的谓语，并指出其词性。1、I love my father and mother._ 2、Tim didn t know the reason._ 3、We have seen the film._ 4、T

4、hey are looking for a boy._ 5、David must arrive early._三、表语表语(predicative)的功能是表述主语的特征、 状态、身份等。它位于连系动词之后。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing、介词短语、从句等。I am busy. She is in good health. 用下划线标出下列句子中的谓语，并指出其词性。1、 The apple tastes sweet_. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - -

5、 - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2、 The war was over._ 3、 Who was the first?_ 4、 He is out of condition_ 四、宾语宾语 (object)在句子中主要充当谓语动作的承受者。可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等。We like English. Do you mean to leave home? 用下划线标出下列句子中的谓语，并指出其词性。1、 He gave me some books._ 2、

6、I like my job._ 五、补语补语 (complement)是一种补充主语的意义的句子成分。补充主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语 (subject complement), 补充宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语(object complement) 。He was found dead. Please make yourself at home. 标出补语并翻译句子1、I found the book interesting._ 2、Do you smell something burning?_ 3、She asked me to lend her a hand._ 4、Pleas

7、e keep the dog out._ 六、定语定语 (attribute)是用来说明名词 （代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、v.-ing、介词短语、从句等。You are a beautiful girl. There are 54 students in our class. 标出句中定语并说明其词性1、 He is a clever boy._ 2、 His father works in a steel work._ 3、 Do you know her sister? _ 七、同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，后一

8、个句子成分被用来说明或解释前一句子成分，后者就是叫做前者的同位语(appositive)。这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任。We, the fresh students in our school, are happy to spend the time here. (we 即 the fresh students, 后者是对前者的补充说明) They have two kids, a boy and a girl. (a boy and a girl 是对 two kids 的补充说明 ) 八、状语状语 (adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。You are

9、very clever. (修饰形容词clever) Unfortunately, the massage never arrived. ( 修饰整个句子 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载标出句中状语并写出句子汉语意义1、I will be back in a while._ 2、They are playing on the playground._ 3、He often went to

10、school by bus._ 4、This school is very interesting._ 5、He always comes late to school._ 句子结构基本句型一 : S+V 主谓结构The studentsstudy hard.主语谓语这种句型中的动词大多数是不及物动词，常见的有: appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise 等等。后面不接宾语， 但可以有状语 （如上面例句中得hard） 。基本句型二：S+V+P 主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两

11、类：A表示状态的连系动词。如：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等等。This kind of food tastes bad. 主语系动词表语这种食物尝起来味道很糟糕。B表示转变或结果的系动词。如：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove 等等。The fact proves right. 主语系动词表语事实证明是对的。基本句型三：S+V+O 主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词为及物动词或者可以接宾语的短语动词。Hecollectssome shells. 主语谓语宾语他收集了很多

12、贝壳。They are taking care of the children. 主语谓语宾语他们正在照看孩子。基本句型四：S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾结构，O1=间接宾语； O2=直接宾语这种句型中做间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物” 。如：Her father bought her a bike. 主语谓语间宾直宾她父亲给他买了一辆自行车。The old manis tellingthe childrenstories. 主语谓语间宾直宾那个老人在给孩子们讲故事。这种句型还可以转换为其他两种句型：A 动词+直接宾语 +for sb B动词+直接宾语 +to sb 1)He sho

13、wed me your picture .= He showed your picture to me. 他把你的画给我看了一下。2）He bought me a shirt.=He bought a shirt for me. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载他替我买了件衬衣。基本句型五：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补结构这种句型中得“宾语+补语”可统称为“复合宾语”，作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。Hepaintedthe wallwhite. 主语谓语宾语补语Nickasked his friendto drive carefully. 主语谓语宾语补语Shefound the boy lost. 主语谓语宾语补语名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -