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1、学习好资料欢迎下载【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解(一)名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分s 和of 的用法。(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1)一般名词后面加s。如: month-months ,bird-birds 。(2)以 s,ss,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词,后面加es。如:
2、bus-buses,boss-bosses ,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。(3)以 o 结尾的名词, 有的加 es,如:patato-patatoes ,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes ;有的加 s,如: radio-radios ,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos 。(4)以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变y 为 i 再加 es。如: factory-factories ,city-cities。以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词,直接加s,如: toy-toys,day-days。(5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词
3、,变f 或 fe 为 v 再加 es。如: knife-knives,wolf-wolves (例外:roof-roofs ,chief-chiefs) ,scarf-scarfs 或 scarves。2)不规则变化(1)改元音字母, 构成复数。 如:man-men,woman-women , foot-feet ,fisherman-fishermen ,tooth-teeth ,mouse-mice(例外: German-Germans ,walkman-walkmans,human-humans ) 。(2)单复数形式一样。如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese ,J
4、apanese-Japanese ,deer-deer,fish-fish。(3)词尾变化。如:child-children 。(4)只有复数形式,无单数形式的名词。如;clothes,trousers,glasses,shoes。(5)以 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词变复数时,要采用双复数形式。如:man tourist-men tourists,woman teacher-womenteachers 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 6 页
5、- - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2. 名词的数量表达可数名词:用数词直接修饰,如:one book,three watches ,200 years;与量词连用,量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式,如:three pairs of shoes,hundreds of years;与模糊数量词连用,如:a few relatives,some people,many boys,a lot of/lots of computers ,a large number ofstudents。不可数名词: 与量词连用, 量词有复数形式,而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如:two loaves
6、 of bread,a bottle of water ;与模糊量词连用,如:some work,a little milk ,much advice/time/money ,a lot of/lots of news ,a large amount of information 。模糊数量词修饰可数名词,有如下几个:many,a few,few,a large number of 。模糊数量词修饰不可数名词,有如下几个: much,a little ,little ,huge amounts of ,a great deal of。模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,有如下几个
7、: some,any,a lot of,lots of,plenty of ,enough。3. 名词所有格1)表示有生命的名词所有格(1)单数名词加s,如: Peters bag。(2)词尾有s 或 es 的复数名词加 “ ” ,如: the teachers office 。(3)不以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词后仍加“ s” ,如: Childrens Day。(4)表示时间、距离,如:todays newspaper ,two hours walk 。2)表示无生命的名词所有格,用 of+名词所有格, 如:thefront gate of the City Hall ,a map o
8、f China。3)表示有生命的名词所有格,也可用 of+名词所有格, 如: afriend of mine ,a book of janes,a friend of Marys sisters 。【注意】 Peter and Marys desk 表示“ 彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”Peters and Marys desks 表示 “ 彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”中考英语名词经典例题练习(1)名词语法经典例题1. Tomorrow Im going to my_. Its a _. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精
9、心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A aunt.five minutes walk B aunts.five minutes walk C aunt.five minutes walk D aunts.five minutes walk 2. A computer is one of the greatest _ in this century. A inventors B inventions C invitations D invention 3. We havent _ homework to do toda
10、y. A many B a lot of C few D much 4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of _.Yesterday he told us his _ inthe U.S. A experience.experience B experiences.experiences C experience.experiences D experiences.experience 5. Three hours _ enough for a _ boy to read books. A is.ten-year-old B are.ten-year-old C is
11、.ten-years-old D are.ten-years-old 6. _that pair of new _ expensive? A Is.shoe B Are.shoe C Is.shoes D Are.shoes 7. Linda, Ive bought many_. Now lets make the birthday cake. A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C frozen food D rice dumplings 8. The two _ are my_. A womans doctors.girls friends B women doct
12、ors.girls friends C woman doctors.girl friends D women doctors.girl friends 9. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail. A some good information B some good informations C good informations D a good information 10. These are _ houses. A Wang and my uncle B the Wangs and my uncles C the Wangs and my uncle
13、D the Wangs and my uncles 11. People waste _ water every day. A a large number of B a huge amount of C many D quite a lot 12. They tended(照顾 )_,and buried( 埋葬)_. A wounded.dead B the wounded.dead C the wounded.the dead D wounded.the dead 13. We are_.They are_. A Chinese.Germen B Chinese.German C Chi
14、nese.Germany D Chinese.Germans 14.Did you have a lot of _ last weekend? A funny B funnies C fun D funs 15. Which is wrong?_ A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables? B How much carton of milk is there on the table? C How many cartons are there on the table? D How much milk is there on the
15、table? 答案及解析名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1【解析】答案是D。在表达五分钟的路程时用名词所有格,虽然时间属于无生命但表达时间、距离、国家所有格时就用s 或 s形式,又因为五分钟的表达为fiveminutes 是复数,它的所有格只要后面加就可以了 ,那么排除 B, C 答案,根据题意 “ 我要去舅妈家 ” 而不是 “ 去舅妈 ” ,因此又排除A。2【解析】答案是B。上面四个选项中,A
16、 是发明家, C 是请帖,从句意看不对。由于句中有 oneof.结构,可以判断出空格中要填名词的复数形式,这样就否定了D。因此,本题答案为 B。3【解析】答案是D。much 修饰不可数名词,many 和 few 修饰可数名词,a lotof 即可修饰不可数名词也可修饰可数名词。homework 是不可数名词,因此答案A、C 不对,又因为本句是否定句,而alot of 只能用在肯定句中,故正确答案为D。4【解析】答案是C。experience 有两个中文意思,“ 经验” 和“ 经历 ” 。当表达经验时,是不可数名词,表达经历时,是可数名词。根据题意,布莱克先生是一个教学经验丰富的老师,因此此处应
17、选experience。而后面表达他告诉我们他在美国的一些经历,是可数名词,故应选experiences。5【解析】答案是A。表达一个 10岁男孩可以是a boyof ten 或 aten-year-old boy。在 C、D 答案中 year 后面多加了s,故都不对。容易混淆的是threehours 作主语时的单复数,我们知道3小时是表示时间的概念,不管是几小时都作不可数名词,因此本题选A。6【解析】答案是C。鞋子是表示复数性的名词,一双鞋的表达为apair of shoes,这样可以排除答案 A、B。又因为数量表达为一双,故谓语动词用单数is 而不是 are。7【解析】答案是A。many
18、修饰可数名词,而B、C 中的 milk 和 food 是不可数名词,都可排除。根据题意“ 我们要去做生日蛋糕” ,因此需要买的东西应该是新鲜的鸡蛋而不是饺子,故选 A。8【解析】答案是D。以 man 和 woman 构成的复合词变成复数时,要采用双复数形式,即女医生们表达为womendoctors,这样可以排除A、C,而以 girl 和 boy 构成的复合词变成复数时,只要把后面的合成词变成复数就行了,女朋友们表达为girlfriends 。故 D 是正确的。9【解析】答案是A。information 是不可数名词,它既没有复数形式,故可确定B、C 不对;也不可以用具体的数量a 来表达,因此D
19、 也不对。 some可以修饰可数和不可数名词,因此A 是正确答案。比较常用的不可数名词还有news、work 、advice、music、weather 等。10【解析】答案是D。空格中应填名词所有格,表达某人的房子。在表示“ 王家 ” 时,应在定冠词 the 之后接姓的复数Wangs;在表示 “ 王家的 ” 时, theWangs后面加 “ ”,这样就成为theWangs,而表达 “ 我舅舅的房子” 就简单多了。因此选D。11【解析】答案选B。A 和 C 答案都是修饰可数名词,由于本句中water 是不可数名词,因此排除 A、C 答案。 D 答案表达不准确,修饰名词时必须是用alot of
20、结构, alot 只能修饰动词,并放在动词之后,如:Thanksa lot;Helpme a lot 。12【解析】答案是C。一些形容词加定冠词the,可以作名词使用,表示具有这一特征的一类人或事物。如:theyoung 年轻人, theold 老人, therich 有钱人, thepoor 穷人。13【解析】答案是D。本题考查专有名词Chinese和 German 的复数形式。 Chinese “中国人 ”的单复数形式相同;而German “德国人 ” 的复数形式是Germans。这种不规则的专有名词还有 Japanese ,deer,walkman,human。14【解析】答案是C。本题
21、考查fun 和 funny 的用法。 fun 的意思是乐事、有趣、乐趣,是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,故D 项是干扰项;而funny 意思是滑稽可笑的,是形容词性质的,不可能去y 加 es变为复数,故B 项也是干扰项。根据句中修饰语alot of,因其后应跟名词,因此选C。15【解析】答案选B。一盒牛奶表达为acarton of milk ,谓语动词用单数;两盒牛奶表达为名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料
22、欢迎下载twocartons of milk ,谓语动词用复数,因此A 项正确。 C 项问的是桌上有几个纸盒,纸盒是可数名词,谓语动词用复数,也正确。D 项问桌上有多少牛奶,牛奶是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,也是正确的。所以只有B 项存在错误。中考英语名词经典例题练习(2)强化练习(一) 中译英1. 今天的报纸2. 去他兄弟家3. 孩子们的新书包4. 中国的教育5. 很多有用的信息6. 一群鹿7. 小明的几个同学8. 20分钟的车程9. 一张我父亲本人的照片10. 我阿姨的房子11. 三双新鞋 12. 几百辆自行车13. 大量的牙齿 14. 房间的门15. 几把刀 16. 一张世界地图17.
23、儿童节 18. 许多德国人19. 上海的天气 20. 五英尺深的洞(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Most _ can sing this popular song. (Germany) 2. Its my _ to help you with English. (please) 3. During his _ from me, I was busy inside and outside. (absent) 4. He bought three _ of bread for breakfast. (loaf) 5. The _ are all tall and strong. (speech)
24、6. Lu Xun was one of the most famous _ at that time. (write) 7. Some of people have good_. (memorize) 8. Please tell me the_. (true) 9. The _ of the people on the plane surprised us a lot. (die) 10. I have got Toms_. (invite) (三) 选择题1. There is no _ in the room. A chairs B cotton C desks D books 2.
25、_room is very nice. A Toms and Johns B Toms and John C Tom and Johns D Tom and John 3. There is _ bread in my fridge. Please buy _ on your way home. A a little.some B a little.any C little.some D little.any 4. The park is only _ walk from our school. A ten-minutes B ten minutes C ten minute D ten mi
26、nutes 5. Thanks for your_. _helpful. A advices.Theyre B advices.Its C advice.Its D advice.Theyre 6. -What are those women? -They are_. A policewomans B policewomen C women policeman D woman policewomen 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - -
27、- - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载7. A friend of _ will come to see _ tomorrow. A me.mine B mine.me C my.me D mine.mine 8. Your trousers _ too dirty. You must have _ washed. A is.it B are.it C are.them D is.them 9. How many _ did they buy yesterday? A rice B bag of rice C bags of rices D bags of rice 10. Nowadays
28、_ are not always made of_. A glass.glass B glasses.glass C glass.glasses D glasses.glasses 参考答案(一) 中译英1. todays newspaper 2. go to his brothers 3. childrens new schoolbags 4. Chinese education 5. much useful information 6. a group of deer 7. a few classmates of Xiao Mings 8. twenty minutes ride 9. a
29、 photo of my father 10. my aunts house 11. three pairs of new shoes 12. hundreds of bikes 13. plenty of teeth 14. the door of the room 15. a few knives 16. a map of the world 17. Childrens Day 18. many Germans 19. Shanghais weather 20. a five-foot-deep hole (二) 用适当的名词填空1. Germans 2. pleasure 3. absence 4. loaves 5. speakers 6. writers 7. memories8. truth 9. death 10. invitation (三) 选择题1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -
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