2022年个体化医疗 .pdf

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1、A New Medical Model: Personalized Medicine At present days, clinical medicine moves toward a model of individualized health care. The development of the individualized model is based on the research findings of human genomics project including genotype and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as

2、well as the new health care model, the biological-psychological-social-environmental-spiritual model.Personalized medicine, as a term, has evolved to indicate that the results of various forms of genomic analysis are applied to tailor an individual patients medical care.Advances in personalized medi

3、cine, or the use of an individuals molecular profile to direct the practice of medicine, have been greatly enabled through human genome research. This research is leading to the identification of a range of molecular markers for predisposition testing, disease screening and prognostic assessment, as

4、 well as markers used to predict and monitor drug response. Successful personalized medicine research programs will not only require strategies for developing and validating biomarkers, but also coordinating these efforts with drug discovery and clinical development. Personalized medicine has emerge

5、d in western medicine since the 1970s, correspondingly leading to such ramifications as individualized medicine, individualized treatment, individualized care, and individualized health care. And in the late 1990s, personalized medicine, which primarily was utilized in cancer therapies, was again pu

6、t on table by western medical researchers. Individuals responses to medicine varies due to plenty of factors, such as age, sexuality, diet, absorption, life-style, adjustment, and most importantly, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - -

7、- - - genetic varieties. That is to say, different people have different genetic features and unique susceptibility to diseases, which result in different responses to therapies, especially to drugs. Studies have shown that it is the gene polymorphisms which regulate the drug transportation, metabol

8、ism, cell targets, signaling pathways and the cellular response pathways (eg. apoptosis) that play a vital role in drug effects. In view of this, it is of vital importance to offer personalized medicine to patients according to their own genetic characters, and this is also the ultimate purpose of p

9、ersonalized medicine. Accordingly, many countries have initiated personalized medicine, for example, Japan carried out its personalized medicine project in 2003 and the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, etc. have all initialized personalized medicine. Currently in clinical practices, person

10、alized medicine is primarily utilized in the therapies and management of cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Regarding to the realm of cancer, the advent of low-cost individual genomic and proteomic analysis provides hope that we are entering a new era of personalized, patient-specific care. The ach

11、ievements of Pharmacogenomics, which is based on human genomics and aims to improve drug efficacy and safety, have greatly contributed to the development of personalized medicine for cancer therapy. Pharmacogenomics, taking full advantages of the increasingly improved genetic analysis methods such a

12、s DNA sequencing, gene mapping, bioinformatics, etc. studies the individual genetic characters in the process of drug absorption, transport, metabolism and elimination in order to improve the drug efficacy, security and economy. The development of Pharmacogenomics underlies the realization of person

13、alized medicine. In addition, the research for the targeted therapies of tumor-tissue mutation has become the intriguing domain. When it comes to realms other than cancer, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - personalized medicin

14、e has also been more and more developing. With the changing of medical model, people are paying more and more attention to the efficacy, safety and economy of the therapies. A therapy that is more efficient and has fewer side effects is a desired therapy. Merging the ultimate goal of personalized me

15、dicine, knowing in advance what therapy will work, with the ultimate goal of cancer care, eradicating the disease without harming the rest of the body, is a positive step in the right direction. Accordingly, personalized medicine caters to the demand of modern society, paves the way for future devel

16、opment of medicine, and may lead to the watershed of human health development. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - References Michael J. (2009). Personalized medicine: The future is not what it used to be. Surgery, 146(6), 971-9

17、78. Joanne M Meyer, Geoffrey S Ginsburg. (2002). The path to personalized medicine. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 6, 434-438. Scott Ely. (2009). Personalized medicine: individualized care of cancer patients. Translational Research, 154 (6), 303-308. 刘建平，循证医学与个体化医疗J. 北京：中西医结合学报， 2009，29（9） ：822-827. 郑花鸳，严安，熊慧，肿瘤的个体化治疗J. 上海：肿瘤， 2009,7（6） ：505-508. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -