2022年初中现在完成时讲解练习 3.pdf
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1、1 现在完成时精讲和专练I.定义:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构肯定句: have/has+ done ( 过去分词 ) 否定句:主语 +have/has+not+ done ( 过去分词 )+其他. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词 )+其他. 简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has.( 肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.( 否定) 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy 等的完成时不能与 for,sinc
2、e等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如 live,study,be,wait 等,常和 since(自从)或 for(经历)引导的词语连用。如:I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了 30 多年。III. 现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和, ever, never, twice (once), so far(到目前为止) , since,for,in the past/last few years(在过去几年) , already (肯定句)
3、, yet (否定,疑问句), just( 刚刚), before (以前) , recently(近来)等词连用说明:already 与 yet 都有“ 已经” 的意思,但 already 常用于肯定句,并用于句中。 yet 常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如:I have already finished my homework. I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了 ,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lu
4、nch. ( 我已经吃过午饭了 ,也就是说我现在不饿 ) I can t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when连用IV. 现在完成时的用法名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - -
5、 - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。例如:The car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)B. 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括 “ 现在 ” 在内) 的一段时间的状语连用 ,如 for+ 时间段、 since+过去的时
6、间点、疑问词how long 等。例如:My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从 2002年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了?注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外) 。例如: (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误: I have bought the book for three months. 正确: I
7、have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?错误: How long has your brother joined the army? 正确: How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be ill get up-be up c
8、atch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成为的一员) open -be open close -be closed 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词, 句中谓语动词用现在完成时, 时间状语为 “for 时间段 ”或“since 时间点 ” 。如:He has been in the Green China for thr
9、ee years. He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入 “ 绿色中国 ” 已经三年了。The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有
10、 : for+一段时间 (for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+ 时间点名词 ( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成
11、时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。 )I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then(那时),that day, one day, once( 从前) 现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever, neve
12、r, twice, so far (到目前为止) , since,for ,in the past/last few years , already (肯定句) , yet(否定,疑问句), just( 刚刚 ), before (以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的, 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比较 since 和 for since 后接时间点,for 后接时间段,试比较:I have lived here for more than twenty yea
13、rs. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. VII.比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to. 表示“ 曾去过某地, 已经从那里回来了 ” ,可以和 ever、never、twice 等连用。have(has) gone to 表示“ 已经去了某地, 在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有
14、回来” 。have(has) been in 表示“ 在某地呆多长时间 ” ,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 .(也许刚动身出发 ,也许已经到了 ,也许还在路上 ,反正他人不在这里 ) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有
15、三天了名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 语法练习I.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago
16、. He _the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. He _here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the
17、 door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II.单项选择。( )1.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing
18、.was writing .wrote .has written ( )2.Have you met Mr. Li _?. Just . ago .before .a moment ago ( )3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )4.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; bet
19、ter . changed; better ( )5._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish ( )6.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )7.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ tw
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