2022届高考英语一轮复习教案:自由填空第六讲 并列句和状语从句.pdf
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1、1 第六讲并列句和状语从句 Part 真题变式体验 12015福建高考_ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. 答案:While从句子结构分析,逗号前后有两个句子,须用并列连词或从属连词;再由句子逻辑意义分析,while 此处引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管” 。 22015湖南高考_ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience
2、is worth it. 答案:Although/Though由句式结构分析,此处引导让步状语从句,“虽然,尽管” 。 32015陕西高考I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else. 答案:onceonce 此处引导条件状语从句“一旦” 。 42015重庆高考If you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one. 答案 : beforebefore 此处引导时间状语从句, 且是固定句式.it will/may b
3、e时间段before 状语从句,表示“要过多久才” 。 52015四川高考There is only one more day to go _ your favorite music group play live. 答案:beforebefore 此处引导时间状语从句,“在之前” 。 62015江苏高考It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes. 答案:unlessunless 引导条件状语从句,且“unless fully covered in thick clothes”是状语从句的省略结
4、构,“除非” 。 72014重庆高考Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her. 答案:where通过分析可知本句缺少引导地点状语从句的连词,所以填 where。 82014江西高考It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 答案:when根据语境可知,设空处引导一个时间状语从句,表示“当的时候” ,故填 when。 92014北京高考Some
5、animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places. 答案:so设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系,故填并列连词 so。 102014陕西高考No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage _ the audience broke into thunderous applause. 答案:than此处是 no sooner.than.(一就)的固定句式,故填 than。 Part 语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内
6、单词的正确形式。 2 2013湖南高考When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “_1_ the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) _2_ 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Dete
7、rmined to solve this problem, _3_ created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol. The ball is made of _4_ special material, ethylenevinyl acetate foam. Its lightweight, its flexible,and_5_ importantit holds its shape. The One World Futbol needs no pump _6_ wont wear out, even on rough su
8、rfaces. When tested, _7_ withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion. Although it costs more to produce _8_ a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, its been given to kids in 143 countries. Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。 本文为说明文,题材为
9、介绍说明类。介绍 the_One_World_Futbol 的一些情况。 Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。 1Because。考查连词。因为运动场地地面不平且多岩石,所以成百上千万的球玩不到一天就变瘪了。 2within。考查介词。真正的球在 24 小时之内就会瘪掉。within 24 hours“在 24 小时之内” 。 3he。考查代词。上文提到了 Tim Jahnigen,一位加利福尼亚的商人,所以用 he 来指代 Tim Jahnigen。 4a。考查冠词。a special material“一种特殊的材料” 。 5most。考查副词。most important 意为“最重要的”
10、 。 6and。考查连词。此处表示并列关系,所以用 and。the One World Futbol 不需要充气也不容易坏掉。 7it。考查代词。it 指代 the One World Futbol。 8than。考查比较连词。根据本句中 more 的暗示,填 than。 Step 3:代入验证。 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。 知识 清单 (1)常见并列连词的用法;(2)常见不同状语从句及其引导词;(3)各不同状语从句的注意事项;(4)地点状语从句与定语从句(关系副词引导)的区别;(5)状语从句中的省略。 学情 分析 考生在复合句学习过程中存在着以下几点问题
11、:(1)对主从句之间的逻辑关系判断不清, 无从选择连词 ; (2)对某些从属连词语义掌握不准确,具体使用语言环境不明确;(3)同一状语从句中的连词混淆使用,不能3 区别对待。 考点一并列句 1 并列连词归纳 属性 连接词 典型例句 并列关系 and, not only.but also, neither.nor. Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.他们的车在半路上出了故障, 他们不得不在一个小旅社过夜。 选择关系 or, either.or., otherwise, or
12、 else Either you are mad, or I am.要么你疯了,要么我疯了! 转折关系 but, yet, still, however, while, when Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Mary 是个好女孩, 但她有一个缺点。 因果关系 for, so Someone is coming, for the dog is barking.有人来了,因为狗叫了。 2 使用时特别注意其特性 (1)and, not only.but (also)., neither. nor.等词连接的并列句,在意义上主要对
13、前一句子作补充或引申。 One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry. 有一天我迟到了,我的老师生气了。 Think it over, and youll find a way out. 仔细考虑,你将发现一条出路。 Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it. 不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣,他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。 (2)or, either.or.连接并列句表示选择意义。 The chil
14、dren can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择) 孩子们可以跟我们一起去,也可以留下。 The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法) 工人们非常高兴,或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。 Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件) 小心点,否则你会折断脖子的。 3 注意事项 (1)“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型: 该句型中的祈使句表示条件,后面的陈述句表示结果。and 表示前后句意思的顺延,or表示前
15、后句意思的转折。 4 Go straight on, and youll see a church. 一直向前走,你就会看到一座教堂。 Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems. 在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑,要不然会出问题的。 具体运用中,该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。 One more minute, and we can finish the job much better。 再给一分钟,我们会把工作做的更好。 (2)but/while/however 的区别
16、: but 表示意义的转折;while 既表示转折又表示对比;however 为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人,但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。 Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery whi
17、le another man, also intelligent, fails. 为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现, 而另一个人, 也很聪明但是失败了, 这不得而知。 (3)并列连词 when 和 for 的用法: when 可作并列连词,意为“正在这时” ,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作。 Error! Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。 One Friday, we were packing to leave
18、for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 一个礼拜五,我们正在收拾行李去度周末,这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。 He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。 典例 12015江苏扬州一中质检While talking to you, your couldbe employer is deciding whether your education, your experience,
19、and other qualifications will pay him to employ you _ your abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 解析and考查并列连词的用法。根据句意理解可知空前后两句之间为并列关系,故填 and。句意:在与你交谈时,你的准老板就在判断你的教育程度,你的经历和其他资质是否值得他雇佣你。而你的能力必须以有序而合理的相关方式呈献出来。 典例 22015北京西城区期末I hate to admit it, _ I think I was wron
20、g. 解析but考查并列句。空前空后两句之间为转折关系,故应填 but。句意:我讨厌承认这事,但我认为我是错的。 典例 32015北京东城区一模I think wed better keep to the subject, _ well 5 waste our time. 解析or考查并列句,两句之间必须填连词,结合语意可知答案是 or。句意:我认为我们最好谈正事,否则我们将浪费我们的时间。 考点二时间状语从句 1when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 (1)when 表示“当时,在期间” 。 When I lived there, I used to go to the seas
21、hore on Sundays. 我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。 (2)while 表示“在期间”从句中常用延续性动词。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 在别人工作的时候,请别这么大声音说话。 (3)as 表示“一边一边,随着” 。 As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越温暖了。 注意:1如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when/while/as 可以互换使用。 When/Whi
22、le/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine. 我正沿着大街走时,碰巧遇到了我的一位老朋友。 2when 还可表原因,意为“既然” 。 How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me? 既然他们不听我说,我怎么帮他们理解? 2as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than.,
23、hardly/scarcely.when.和 once(一就) 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就” 。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 注意 : no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配 : no sooner 与 har
24、dly/scarcely所在的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时, 而 than 与 when 引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把 no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely 提到句首时,应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 6 3before 与 since 引导的时间状语从句
25、 (1)before 与 since 的常用句式。 连词 词义 常用句式 It will (not) be一段时间before.(没有)过时间才(就) It was not long before. 不久就 before 在之前;还未就;才;就,还没来得及就 It was时间段before.过了(时间)才 It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时) since 自从以来 It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时) It will be two years before he leaves the country. 再过两年他才会离开这个国家。 It wasn
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