2022届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第四讲 动词时态和语态.pdf
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1、1 第四讲动词时态和语态 Part 真题变式体验 12015江苏高考The real reason why prices _ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 答案:were根据 and still are 可知,此处指过去的物价与现在物价一直都很高,所以应使用一般过去时。 22015湖南高考I wasnt able to hide my eagerness. When I _ (ask), “What do you
2、 wish me to do now?” 答案:askedwhen 引导的时间状语从句,通过“I wasnt able to hide my eagerness”的时态可知,ask 的动作发生在过去。 3 2015重庆高考In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat _ (cut) 答案:has been cut从句中 cut 的动作发生在主句动作之前,主句是一般现在时,故该从句使用一般现在时或现在完成时,且“wheat”与“cut”之间为被动,故答案是 has been
3、 cut。 42015四川高考More expressways _ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 答案:will be built根据时间状语 soon 以及不定式作目的状语,可知此处用一般将来时态,且“build”与“more expressways”之间为被动关系,故答案是 will be built。 5 2015湖南高考He must have sensed that I _ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are
4、 you staring at me like that?” 答案:was looking由句意可知,他感觉到的时候“我”应该是正在看他。 62015安徽高考Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ (leave) my book in the cafe. 答案:had left考查时态。“realized”为一般过去时,其后面宾语从句中的动作发生在其之前,故用过去完成时,had left。 72014福建高考Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia
5、and _ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. 答案:stayed 答句由 and 连接两个并列的谓语动词,根据“went”及句意可知,此处表示的动作发生在过去,“待”这个动作与“went”这个动作几乎同时发生,故用一般过去时态。句意:好长时间没见到你了!你去哪儿了?我去宁夏支教了一年。 82014大纲全国卷Unless some extra money _ (find), the theatre will close. 答案:is found 由主句中的 will 可知 unless 引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来,且“m
6、oney”和“find”之间是被动关系,故答案为 is found。句意:除非找到一些额外资金,否则这家剧院就得关门。 92014大纲全国卷The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ (see) them since. 答案:has seen 由题干中的“since”可知,本题应用现在完成时。句意:这些报告在 20122 年就丢失了,此后再也没人见到过它们。 102014北京高考Hi, lets go skating. Sorry, Im busy right now. I _ (fill) in an application form for
7、a new job. 答案:am filling 根据题干中的 Im busy right now 可推知 fill in 这一动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。句意 :嗨,咱们去滑冰吧。对不起,我现在忙着呢。我正在填一张新工作申请表。 Part 语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 2015课标全国卷 Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I _61_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours _62
8、_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _63_ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).
9、 Instead, Id headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _66_ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city. Yangshuo_67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers _68_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destination
10、s in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it _69_ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _70_ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。 本文讲述的是桂林的著名旅游景点阳朔。 Step 2:逐题解答,
11、确定答案。 61arrived。根据空格所在位置,此处填谓语,需考虑时态、语态及主谓一致。 62before/earlier。根据空格所在位置可知,此处考查副词,结合句子时态,确定答案。 63its。介词 with 后,名词前,可知此处填形容词性物主代词。 64that/which。空前空后均是句子,可知此处填连词,根据从句的位置判断从句类型,再按该从句的连词选择方法确定答案。 65paintings。空前 many 为关键信息。 66by。名词前句子与此空从结构上无关,故可知此处填介词,结合语义可知答案。 67 is。 根据空格位置可知此处填谓语, 结合本段的时态以及语态和主谓一致确定答案。
12、 68conducted。该句中已经有谓语“names”,可知此处应填非谓语。空格在名词后,可知此处考查非谓语作定语。判断该动词与被修饰词之间的关系。 69regularly。根据空格位置及语义可知此处应填副词。 70living。同第 68 题。 Step 3:代入验证。 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。 3 知识 清单 (1)熟知八种基本时态的构成;(2)八种基本时态的用法及重点;(3)一般过去时态与现在完成时态用法上的侧重点;(4)被动语态的基本形式;(5)被动语态中的特殊情况;(6)与时态相关的固定句式结构。 学情 分析 考生在动词时态和语态的学习过程中
13、存在着以下几点问题:(1)考生对于时态的基本类型不能熟练掌握;(2)不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式不清楚;(3)句子中的主被动意识淡,不能准确使用被动语态;(4)在使用时态时,全凭所谓的语感去判断,写出来的句子中时态混乱, 没有时态观念,没有章法可言。 考点一一般现在时态(do/does) 1 表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。 As is known to us, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 众所周知,太阳东升西落。 2 表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态。 Some senior 3 students get up
14、 at 5:20 every day including Sunday. 一些高三学生每天 5:20 起床,包括星期日。 3 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时态表将来。 If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard. 如果城市噪音的增加不被阻止,人们将不得不大声叫喊才能被听到。 4 表示按时刻表、计划规定要发生的动作,常见的动词有: come, go, leave, begin, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。 The
15、 plane takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每星期三和星期五 2:30 起飞。 典例 12016四川成都一诊Its probable that the rocket _ (date) from about 2,000 years ago in China. 解析dates根据语义可知,此处表示客观真理且主语是单数,故用一般现在时态。注意 2,000 years ago 为误导信息。 4 典例 22016北京东城区期末_, we will carry out the plan next week. (完成句子) 除非你有不同意见,
16、否则我们下周就执行该计划了。 解析Unless you have any disagreement该句为条件状语从句,主句为将来时,故用“主将从现”这一结构,从句中用一般现在时态。 考点二一般过去时态(did) 1 表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(时间比较具体)或上下文语境有暗示,或由于地点的转变而导致同一个动作用过去时态。 I taught English in Xian for half a year. I felt very tired. When I got home, I went straight to bed. 我在西安教了半年英语,我感到非常累。当我回到
17、家时,直接上床睡觉了。 2 描述过去时间中发生的一系列事件。 He went to the supermarket, bought some eggs and returned home. 他去超市,买了些鸡蛋就回家了。 3 原来没有意料到,没有想到的事。 Excuse me. I didnt realize I was blocking your way. 对不起。我没意识到挡了你的路。 4 固定句式 (1)Its high time that sb. did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。 Its high time we did something about environmenta
18、l protection. 到了我们保护环境的时候了。 (2)would rather主did.表示与现在事实相反的情况。 I would rather you came here tomorrow morning. 我宁愿你明天上午来这。 注意:一般过去时态中的动作在过去某时间已经停止,只是强调过去的动作或状态,与现在没有任何关系。 典例 32016四川成都二诊Have you worked out the schedule for our graduation trip? Yes. I _ (work) on it for 3 hours. 解析worked根据语境“制定计划”这一动作已经
19、结束,只是在陈述过去发生的事情而已,故用一般过去时态,“for 3 hours”为误导信息。 典例 42016四川成都一诊All football fans _ (witness) the Germans final victory in the 2014 World Cup this August. 解析witnessed根据时间状语“this August”可知,使用一般过去时态。 考点三完成时态(have/has/had done) 1 现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与 up 5 to now, so far, already, y
20、et, now, recently, in the past few years, just 等表示时间的词,或 since引导的状语从句(从句中使用一般过去时态)连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。 (2)用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。 When shall we restart our business? Not until we have finished our plan. 什么时候我们
21、重新开始我们的事业? 直到我们已完成我们的计划。 (3)在“It (This) is(will be)the first/second/third.timethat 从句”中,that 从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。 (4)在“It (This) is the best (worst,mostadj.等)名词从句”中,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 It is the most instructi
22、ve lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。 2 过去完成时 (1)某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法,意为“本来期望/认为/打算” 。这类动词主要有:expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want 等。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本来打算昨天去看你,但我有了一个不速之客。 I
23、had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。 (2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态,考生做题时关键看该动作是否发生在题干中所给的过去的动作或过去的时间之前,如果是就用过去完成时。 Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received from China. 上个月,日本政府对从中国得到的援助表示感谢。 What a mistake! Yes,I had suggested
24、his doing it another way,but without success. 愚蠢的错误! 是的,我已建议他换种方式做,但没成功。 (3)by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句, 主句用过去完成时。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 (4)在 hardly(scarcely).when.,no sooner.than
25、.句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从6 句用一般过去时。意思为“一就” 。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when(than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 3 将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与“before将来时间”或“by将来时间”连用,也可与 before 或 by the time 引导的现在时的从句连用。 On her next birthday,Ann will have been married for twenty years. 到下次生日时,安已结婚 2
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