2021-2022学年高中英语外研版必修4学案：Module 4 Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing.pdf

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1、- 1 - Section Grammar & Writing 被动语态和 byv.ing 形式 阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法 1Rice is grown in many other Asian countries. 2Researchers were brought in from all over China. 3The research was supported by the government. 4In Pakistan rice will be grown in many parts of the country. 5The new hybrid rice has been

2、 developed by the Yuan Longping Hightech Agricultural Company of China. 6The shop closes at 6：00 pm every day. 7The apple tastes good. 8The new product by the company sells well. 9Open the door by winding the handle. 10People usually greet each other by shaking hands. .被动语态 - 2 - 英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语

3、态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者可用 by 引出。被动语态主要用于当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。被动语态的一般构成：助动词 be及物动词的过去分词。 一、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are 过去分词 am/is/arebeing过去分词 has/havebeen过去分词 过去 was/were 过去分词 was/werebeing过去分词 had been过去分词 将来 shall/will be过去分词 shall/willhave been过去分词 过去 将来 should/woul

4、d be过去分词 should/wouldhave been过去分词 Breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 to 9 oclock on weekdays. 我们旅馆在工作日的 7 点至 9 点提供早餐。 More trees will be planted next year. 明年要栽更多的树。 My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。 They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan. 在执行计划之前他们已经被警告

5、过多次了。 名师点津 在英语口语中，有时可用“get过去分词”构成被动语态。 He fell off the car and got killed last week. 他上周从车上掉下来，摔死了。 二、使用被动语态应注意的问题 1不及物动词和表示状态的动词一般不用于被动语态。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 2015. 自从 2015 年以来我的家乡发生了很大的变化。 - 3 - 名师点津 没有被动语态的常见动词或动词短语 常见的不及物动词(短语)： happen， occur， take place， break ou

6、t， run out ， come true，fall asleep，lose heart 等。 常见的没有被动语态的及物动词(短语)：have(有)；fit(适合)；cost(花费)；hold(容纳)；last(持续)；belong to；take part in 等。 2含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保持不动，一般将间接宾语变为主语的情况居多。将直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present by my uncle on my

7、birthday. A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday. 我过生日的时候，叔叔给了我一份礼物。 3“动词介词或副词”构成的动词短语变被动语态时，不可将介词或副词与动词拆开 (look after，look for，take care of，put off，break into 等)。 The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten. 孩子们在幼儿园里被照顾得很好。 4感官动词(see，watch，hear，notice，listen to，look at)或使役

8、动词 make 等后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但变被动语态时，不定式符号 to 必须加上。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar by us. 我们经常听到他弹吉他。 5主动形式表示被动意义的情况。 (1)系动词(feel，look，seem，taste，sound，seem，become，turn，prove，get，grow 等)形容词，构成系表结构。 This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软多了。 (2)

9、表示主语的特征或特点的动词，如 write，sell，wash，cook 等常用主动形式表示被动含义，这时常与副词 easily，well 等连用。 The pen writes smoothly. - 4 - 这钢笔书写流利。 His new novel sells well. 他的新小说很畅销。 .byv.ing 形式 byv.ing 形式表示“通过方式，靠，凭” ，可用来表示方法、方式、手段等，常作为方式状语。 You can get in touch with her by sending an email. 你可以发电子邮件和她取得联系。 The old man makes a li

10、ving by selling newspaper. 这个老人靠卖报纸为生。 名师点津 by 的其他用法 (1)by交通工具的名词(名词前不加冠词，不变复数)，意为“通过；乘” 。如：by car/bus/bike/plane 等。 He goes to school by bike every day. 他每天骑自行车去上学。 (2)bythe具体的时间或度量名词，意为“按计算，按买(卖)” 。如by the day/hour/year/kilo/meter/dozen (按打)等。 These eggs are sold by the dozen. 这些鸡蛋按打卖的。 Cleaning w

11、omen in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 大城市里的女清洁工通常按小时获得报酬。 (3)by数量词，表升降、增减的程度。 With production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。 .单句语法填空 1Do you like the cloth? Yes，it_(feel)very soft. 2By _(review)the old，you can learn something new. - 5 - 3A ne

12、w cinema _(build)here now.They hope to finish it next month. 4What happened to the priceless works of art? They _(destroy)in the earthquake last month. 5The road _(repair)when we came last time. 6Unless some extra money _(find)，the theatre will close. 7Hundreds of jobs _(lose)if the factory closes.

13、8All the tickets _(sell)out when they arrived. 9He was heard _(sing)a song just now. 10Two people got _(hurt)in the accident. 【答案】1.feels2.reviewing3.is being built 4were destroyed5.was being repaired6.is found7.will be lost8.had been sold9.to sing10.hurt .单句改错 1The building built by our school last

14、 year. _ 2My father enjoys his spare time by reading newspapers or listen to the music. _ 3. That kind of cloth was washed well，so it won the welcome of housewives. _ 4What she said was sounded nice to all of us. _ 5I havent moved into my new house，for it is painted. 【导学号：98180022】 _ 【答案】1.built 前加

15、was2.listenlistening 3去掉 was4.去掉 was5.is 后加 being 人物传记 1传记(biography)是记载人物生平事迹的一种文体。人物传记属于记叙文的范畴，以写人、记事为主，因此，写人物传记时要抓住其出生年月，主要事迹以- 6 - 及人们的评论等。 2此类文章选材应有所侧重，不必面面俱到。通常以一件或几件事为中心组织材料，要突出人物的特点。通常分三段，包括人物简介(如出生的时间、地点、职业、外貌等)、人物的成就或贡献，以及对人物的评价。 3因描写的事情都是过去发生的事，所以通常用过去时。介绍他人的经历和事迹应用第三人称。 亮点句式 1.be born in

16、.and died in. 2What impressed sb.most was that. 3Sb.is considered to be/as.；be regarded as. 4He led a happy/hard life when he was young./He spent his childhood in. 5.have a deep effect on.；be deeply affected by. 6.receive/ win the Nobel Prize for. 7.encourage us/me to do sth. 8.set a good example to

17、 us/me. 9.devoted ones whole life to.and won. 10.will always be remembered and regarded as a great. 写作任务 根据提示信息，写一篇 Steve Jobs(史蒂夫乔布斯)的人物传记，100 个词左右。 姓名 史蒂夫乔布斯( Steve Jobs) 出生日期 1955 年 2 月 24 日 主要经历 (1)1976 年，成立苹果公司(Apple Inc)； (2)1985 年，乔布斯离开苹果公司； (3)1997 年，回到苹果公司担任行政总裁(CEO)职位； (4)2011 年 8 月 24 日，辞

18、去苹果公司行政总裁职务； (5)2011 年 10 月 5 日逝世。 主要成就 乔布斯被视作 iPad、iPhone 等知名电子产品的缔造者，这些电子产品改变了现代通讯、娱乐乃至人们的生活方式。 - 7 - 审题谋篇 项目 结论 体裁 记叙文 话题 人物传记 时态 一般过去时为主 人称 第三人称 遣词造句 .词汇 1出生于_ 2担任_ 3在岁时_ 4电子产品_ 5通讯_ 6娱乐_ 【答案】1.be born on / in2.serve as /work as3.at the age of4.digital products 5communication6.entertainment .句式

19、1In 1976，he was 21 years old.At that time he set up Apple Inc.(用状语从句改句子) _ 2 In 1985， Steve Jobs left Apple Inc.In 1997 he returned.He served as the CEO of Apple Inc.(把上面的句子合并成一个句子) _ 3People all think Steve Jobs is the founder of iPad，iPhone and some other famous digital products.(用被动语态和高级词汇 regard

20、.as./think of.as.改写上面的句子) _ 【答案】1.In 1976，when he was 21 years old，he set up Apple Inc. 2 Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 and twelve years later， in 1997 he returned and served as the CEO of Apple Inc. - 8 - 3Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad，iPhone and some other famous digital produc

21、ts. 妙笔成篇 _ _ _ _ _ 【参考范文】 Steve Jobs was born on February 24,1955.In 1976，when he was 21 years old，he set up Apple Inc.Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 and twelve years later，in 1997 he returned and served as the CEO of Apple Inc.In 2011，he declared he would no longer serve as the CEO.On 5th，Octobe

22、r,2011，he died at the age of 56. Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad，iPhone and some other famous digital products.These products have changed the way of modern communication and entertainment，even the lifestyle of people. 学业分层测评学业分层测评 .完成句子 1我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。 I tried to find my way roun

23、d London without a map and _. 2. 我们在实验室做了许多有趣的实验。 Many interesting experiments _ in our laboratory. 3我们经常听到他弹钢琴。 He _ the piano by us. 4他的书卖的不好。 His book doesnt _. 5他们通过看电视学英语。 They learn English_. 【答案】1.got lost2.are carried out3.is often heard to play4.sell well5.by watching TV - 9 - .阅读理解 A Edwin

24、 Hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s.Today，other astronomers continue the work he began.Many of them are using the Hubble Space Telescope that is named after him. Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield， Missouri.He spent his early years in the state of Kentucky.Then h

25、e moved with his family to Chicago ， in Louisville.He attended the University of Chicago.He studied mathematics and astronomy (天文学)Hubble was a good student.He was a good athlete，too.He was a member of the University of Chicago championship basketball team in 1909.He also was an excellent boxer.Seve

26、ral people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college.Instead，he decided to continue his studies.He went to Queens College at Oxford，England. At Oxford，Hubble studied law.He was interested in British Common Law，because his family had come to America from England m

27、any years before.He spent three years at Oxford.In 1913，Hubble returned to the United States.He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky.After a short time， however， he decided he did not want to be a lawyer.He returned to the University of Chicago.There，once again，he studied astronomy.Edwin Hubb

28、le was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.He died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky. Hubbles work led to a new research on the birth of the universe.One astronomer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since.And，he said，ther

29、e was a long way to go. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了天文学家哈勃从出生到去世一生的学习和成长经历。 1What would be the best title for this passage? AEdwin Hubbles Life BEdwin Hubbles Discoveries CThe Hubble Space Telescope DEdwin Hubble A Famous Lawyer 【解析】全文介绍了哈勃这位科学家从出生到去世一生的学习和成长经历，- 10 - 故 A 项为正确答案。 【答案】A 2According to this passage，Ed

30、win Hubble was most interested in_. Asports Blaw Castronomy Dmathematics 【解析】第二段和第三段描述了哈勃的学习经历，其中提到了他所涉猎的学科。根据哈勃最后的选择能看出他对天文学最感兴趣。 【答案】C 3Which of the following shows the right order according to this passage? aHe joined the University of Chicago championship basketball team. bHe studied astronomy a

31、t the University of Chicago once again. cHe moved to Louisville with his family. dHe used the Hale Telescope to look at the sky. eHe became a lawyer in Louisville for a short period of time. Ac，a，b，d，e Ba，c，b，e，d Cc，a，e，b，d Da，b，d，e，c 【解析】根据全文的介绍可知，哈勃先是随家人搬到路易斯维尔(c)；然后在芝加哥大学加入了篮球队(a)；之后他从英国回来做了一段时间的

32、律师(e)；然后又学习天文学(b)；最后他第一个使用了哈雷望远镜(d)。 【答案】C 4From this passage，we know that _. Athe Hubble Space Telescope was made by Hubble himself BEdwin Powell Hubble went to Oxford，England in 1910 CEdwin Powell Hubble grew up in Marshfield，Missouri DHubble died while he was looking at the sky 【解析】联系第三段第三、四句可知，哈

33、勃在英国待了三年，于 1913 年回到美国，也就是说，他是 1910 年去的英国。 【答案】B B The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern - 11 - communication means.Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago，but it has brought new problems.One of the biggest problems is pollution.To pollute me

34、ans to make things dirty.Pollution comes in many ways.We see it， smell it， drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth.The more people，the more pollution.Many years ago，the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dir

35、ty in one place，man moved to another place.But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious.Its bad for all living things in the world， but it is not the only one kind of pollution.Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinkin

36、g water.Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city ， and from putting dirty smoke into the air.Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused by h

37、eavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving，there will be less air pollution. The earth is our home.We must take care of it.That means keeping the land，water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time. 【语篇解读】本文谈到全球环境污染这个问题，同时号召人们为我们的家园地球出一份力，减少污

38、染。 5. _，our world is becoming much smaller. ABecause of the rise in pollution BThanks to science development CBecause the earth is being polluted day and night DBecause the earth is blown away by the wind every year 【解析】由文章的首句我们得知： 世界变小是由于 modern traffic and modern communication means(现在的交通运输工具和沟通工具

39、的使用)，而这一切都要靠科学技术的发展，据此我们可以推出答案是 B。 【答案】B 6Hundreds of years ago，life was_it is today. - 12 - Amuch easier than Bas easy as Cmuch harder than Das hard as 【解析】第一段的第二句告诉我们 Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago(今天的生活比以前容易得多)，反过来说，以前的生活比今天的艰难得多，所以答案是 C。 【答案】C 7Pollution comes in man

40、y ways.We can even hear it.Here “it” means_. Arubbish Bnoise pollution Cair pollution Dwater pollution 【解析】在众多选项中，只有选项 B(noise pollution 噪音污染)是听得见的。 【答案】B 8Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_. Ait makes much noise Bit makes us angry more easily Cit makes our rivers and lakes

41、 dirty Dits bad for all living things in the world 【解析】根据第四段的第一、二句 Air pollution is still the most serious.Its bad for all living things in the world.，可以得知答案为 D。 【答案】D .语法填空 【导学号：98180043】 阅读下列材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tom went to the seaside to spend his holiday last summer holiday with hi

42、s family.One day， he 1._(swim)in the river when someone shouted， “Look out，there is a shark not far away！” On hearing the shout， Tom was scared to 2._ (die)because he was scared of its dangerous characteristic.“Just dont worry，Tom！” His father said，“But in order to avoid 3._ (harm)，lets go back to o

43、ur hotel.” They stayed in the seaside for several weeks.Though the weather was much hotter than that in their hometown，Tom got 4._ (use)to it and felt at home.Every - 13 - morning， he got up 5._ (early)than his parents and went for breakfast ahead of time.Then he went to have a chat with his new fri

44、end ，Jack ，who he happened 6._ (come)across during his holiday.Jack was a native and he was familiar 7._ the seaside well.He was a man with good qualification.Soon they became very good friends.After they 8._ (part) ， they kept writing to each 9._.Now， Tom still often hears from Jack.They talked in

45、their letters about the things and persons 10._ they remembered in the seaside. 【答案】1.was swimming2.death3. being harmed4.used5.earlier6.to come7.with 8. parted9.other10.that .短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除： 把多余的

46、词用斜线()划掉。 修改： 在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 May I have you attention，please? I have a few thing to tell you.When you have a class here in the language lab，please be here a little early.Change your shoes before enter the lab.Dont bring something here excep

47、t your textbooks.When you are in ， please dont touch these machines with permission.Always do as the teacher tell you to.In class you should only speak the English，not Chinese.Recorders can be used make a copy of the listening materials.When class is over，turning off your machines and leave the lab

48、one by one. 【答案】 May I have you your attention，please? I have a few thing things to tell you.When you have a class here in the language lab，- 14 - please be here a little early earlier.Change your shoes before you或 enter entering the lab.Dont bring something anything here except your textbooks.When

49、you are in，please dont touch these machines with without permission.Always do as the teacher tell tells you to.In class you should only speak the English，not Chinese.Recorders can be used to make a copy of the listening materials.When class is over，turning turn off your machines and leave the lab one by one.