最新四级翻译讲解幻灯片.ppt
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1、1、简介、简介 在四级新题型考试中,翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成,要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分,一是意群的表达,二是句法。评分原则及标准 1、整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。2、结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当,得0.5分。3、整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。4、整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。5、大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。 n90. (给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.第一步:由句子结构可以推出句子缺少主语,要填的是主语从句,汉
2、语“的”结构经常可译作英语的what从句 。 给出部分的谓语动词用的是过去式,所以主语从句也用过去式。第二步:分析“给游客印象最深的” 核心谓语是“给印象”,“游客”作宾语,“最深”副词作状语。 第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“给印象”impress,“游客” tourists ,“最深”most. (2).重新组合:what impressed tourists most考察知识点:主语从句句型 n91. They requested that (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.第一步:由句中部分可以推出,划线处应该填写宾语从句。 request表示“要求”的动词后面的
3、宾语从句的谓语形式是(should)+v. 第二步:分析“我借的书还回图书馆” “书还回图书馆”是request的内容即宾语从句中的主干, “我借的书”涉及定语从句第三步: (1).切块对应翻译:“书还回图书馆”= the book(s) (should) be returned to the library, “我借的书” the book(s) I borrowed,“借”的动作先发生,所以是一般过去式. (2).重新组合:the book(s) I borrowed (should) be returned to the library . 正确答案:the book(s) I borr
4、owed (should) be returned to the library/I (should) return the books (I borrowed) to the library by next Friday.考察知识点:虚拟语气名词性从句句型 4、分析考题、分析考题 翻译考题的考点通常是:语法,词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点,但是为了分析之便,我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点:一、语法结构 (grammar)二、重点单词 (key words)三、固定搭配 (set structures)n语法讲解语法讲解:虚拟语气:虚拟语气 第一种第一种:由:由
5、“ if ”引导的虚拟句子引导的虚拟句子过去过去现在现在将来将来从句从句 主句主句had + done/been would (could, should.) +have done/beenwere / did would (could, should.) +dowere to /should would (could, should.) +do 汉译英标志:汉译英标志:“本本.” “本不该本不该” “要是要是/要不是要不是” “早知道早知道.我就我就”87. You would not have failed if_(按照 我的指令去做). (09.12)88. If she had ret
6、urned an hour earlier, Mary _ _ (就不会被大雨淋湿了).(09.06)you had followed my orderscaught by the rain89.The victim _ (本来会有 机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time . (06.12)would have had a chance to survivewouldnt have been陈述句+or+虚拟主句or+主语+would do 表示对现在现在事实的虚拟or+主语+would have done表示对过去过去事实的虚拟We di
7、dnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ (phone) him.He must have had an accident, or he _ (be) here then.would have phonedwould have been第二种:第二种: 第三种第三种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为:从句谓语形式为:“-(should ) + do sth.”(should常省去常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有:类似用法的动词有: insist (坚持) , suggest (建议),
8、 order(命令), propose (建议), demand (要求), command (命令), advise (建议), desire (要求、请求), request (请求), require (需要、要求), ask (要求), prefer (宁愿), arrange ( 安排), recommend(推荐), advocate ( 拥护、提倡), maintain (坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。 89The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告). (06.06)we hand in our research reports 第四种第四种:
9、用在:用在“It + be + adj. + that -”结构结构that 引导的主语从引导的主语从句句 中从句谓语形式为:中从句谓语形式为:“-(should ) + do sth.” (should常省去常省去) 。 这类形容词有这类形容词有: important, necessary, natural, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable, surprising, vital, advisable, anxious, eager, compulsory, crucial, imperative, fittin
10、g, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, strange, urgent 等, 以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended 等90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁). (10.06)should be installed by the window第五种第五种:用在:用在It is time that - 结构中结构中, 表示表示“该干某事了该
11、干某事了”, 含建含建议议 的意思。的意思。 从句谓语形式为:动词过去式。从句谓语形式为:动词过去式。 例如:例如: It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。咱们该睡觉了。 注意注意: time 前可加前可加about (表示表示“大约大约”) 或或high(表示表示“强调强调”) 等。等。 n语法讲解语法讲解:倒装倒装 1、当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装,如不在句首或 虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。 Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a soun
12、d conclusion. 只有当你获得足够的数据时,你才能得出正确的结论。 Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。 其他如:only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。真题【CET-6:2007.6】 Only in the small town_.(他才感 到安全和放松) 参考答案:does he feel s
13、ecure and relaxed2、never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。 这类词或词组常用的有:never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until ,by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither (nor), no sooner (than), hardly (when), barely(仅仅,几乎不), on no account, in no circumstan
14、ces(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。 Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家,还是一位诗人。 Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说!3、the more, the more结构中的倒装。 90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 【CET-4:2006.6】The witness was told that under no circums
15、tances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎). 【CET-6:2007.12】 the more confused I am91. The more exercise you take, _ _ (你越不大可能感冒) 【CET-4:2009.12】the less likely you are to catcha coldshould he lieto the courtThe manager never laughed; neither _ _ (她也从来没有发过脾气). 【CET-4:2010.06】 beforedid she lose her temper1、在含有were,had,sho
16、uld的虚拟条件状语中,如果省略了连 接词if,要求用倒装结构。例如: 1) Were she to leave right now,she would get there on Sunday 2) Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams 2、在由“soadv.adj that”和“such that”引出的结果状语从 句中,要求用倒装句。例如: 1)So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed 2)So suddenl
17、y was the attack that we had no time to escape More:语法讲解语法讲解:强调:强调1It is/was +被强调部分被强调部分+that/who 对于这个结构,需要注意以下几点:(1)被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语,不能强调表语;强调句也可用来强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词,如Who was it that broke the window yesterday?(2)除了is,was外,be还可以采用其他形式,如might be等。It might be in this room that he met her.(3)被强调部分如果是人或物,
18、that可用whowhomwhich 替代;被强调部分如果是时间状语或地点状语,其引导词只能是that,而不能用when或where;强调时间状语时,若有否定词not应提到从句前面。(4)强调句可用来强调多种状语从句,但不能用来强调让步状 语从句和比较状语从句;强调句可用来强调because引导的 原因状语从句但不能用来强调since和as引导的原因状语 从句。(5)在强调主语时,被强调的主语若是人称代词,一般用主格 that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保持一致;强调的宾语 是them时,them要改用those。 _(直到截止日他才 寄出) his application form. 【CET
19、-6:2007.1】 It was not until the deadline that he sent (out)_( 正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. It is because she is too inexperienced语法讲解语法讲解:被动语态:被动语态91Though a skilled worker, _(他 被公司解雇了). (06.06)he was fired by the company91. Many Americans live on credit, and th
20、eir quality of life _ (是用他们能够借到 多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn. (07.12)is measured by how much they can borrow 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _ .(能应用于新技术的开发) (08.06)can be applied to the research and development of the newtechnology89. We look forward to _ _ (被邀请出席开幕
21、式). (10.06)being invited to attend the openingceremony语法讲解语法讲解:定语从句定语从句定语从句是英语中一个非常重要的语法点。在四级考试中,不仅仅是翻译部分,阅读理解和写作部分同样要求考生熟练掌握这一语法点。在阅读理解中,很多让考生烦恼的长难句都是通过定语从句的形式“打造”的,只要考生能够理清句子结构,分析定语从句的意思,很多长难句就会迎刃而解。在写作中,考生如果能够恰当地使用定语从句,定能为文章增色不少。下面我们来一起分析四级考试翻译题目中的定语从句考点。引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,but,as等,关系
22、副词有when,where,why,how等。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 (1)用作关联词的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which等等。who,whom,whose指人,who是主格,在从句中用作主语;whom是宾格,在从句中用作宾语;whose是属格,在从句中用作定语(有时也可指物)。 (2)副词引导定语从句时,在从句中充当状语,表示时间、地点、原因等。where 作关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰前面表示地点的先行词。when 作关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰前面表示时间的先行词,在从句中作时间状语。why作关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰前面表示原因的先行
23、词,在从句中作原因状语。 当先行词为way,day,place,reason等时,还可用关系代词that/which引导,that/which在定语从句中作宾语。要注意和关系副词的比较。 (3)as除了作介词和连词外,也可用作关系代词来引导定语从句。as引导非限定性定语从句时可放在句首或句中,代替整句话的含义。as引导限定性定语从句,一般出现在“such+名词+as”结构或“the same+名词+as”结构之中。as在从句中可以用作主语、宾语或表语。 _ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. (96.0
24、6)A) As B) That C) It D) What本题应选A。本题中的as作关系代词引导定语从句,代指后面整个句子的含义. 多用关系代词多用关系代词that的情况的情况1、当all,any,anything,everything,a few,the only one,the one等作定语从句的先行词时,一般用that而不用which引导, that作宾语时常被省略。 All is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. (CET-4,1990年1月) A) what is needed B) the thing ne
25、eded C) for our needs D) that is needed 本题应选D。all在句中作主语,常常后接that引导的定语从 句,表示“(全部)只是”。all that可相当于what。 2、当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词及only,any,no等词 修饰时,常用关系代词that引导定语从句。 This is the best film I have ever seen. A) that B) which C) what D),that 本题应选A。这里的先行词film由最高级best修饰,其后的 定语从句只能用关系代词that引导,并且that只能引导限定 性定语从句, 非
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