高考英语考纲词汇表(用法版).doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流高考英语考纲词汇表(用法版)【精品文档】第 137 页高考英语考纲词汇表(用法版)AaE,eI, anEn,An art. 1.一(个,件,) 2.任何都3.每(一) 4.某,某一个:I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。【注意】1.单数可数名词若泛指,
2、其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词(高考短文改错中常考查此知识点,许多同学在做书面表达时也常犯此错),如不能说Mr. Smith is interesting man.(需在 is后 加 an) 2.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加:Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗? able5eIbl adj.能的,有才能的,能干的,能够的:Shes as clever and able as her sister. 她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事【说明】比较级
3、和最高级可以是 abler 和 ablest 或 more able, better able 和 most able,但不如前者常见。【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别,见 can。aboutE5baJt prep.在附近,关于,在周围,忙于 adv.附近,大约,转向,左右,周围:She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。/ I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。
4、【句型】1. be about to do 即将,就要(不能与 tomorrow 等具体时间状语连用) 2. How What about(你认为)怎么样? 【辨析】about与on:前者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,后者指比较系统、深入地论述某事:It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) / It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)aboveE5bQv prep.在上方,过于,超出 adv. 在上面 adj. 上面的,上述的,上文的:We were flying above
5、 the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出这样的事来。【辨析】above与over:over 表示垂直在上的正上方,above 则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用,不表示正上方时要用 above)。 abroadE5brR:d adv. 到(在)国外:He has gone abroad. 他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad. 他刚从国外归来。【用法】1.是副词,不是形容词,不置于名词前作定语,
6、但可置于名词后作定语:ones recent tour abroad 某人最近的国外之行。2.是副词,不是名词,所以不说 go to abroad之类的。acceptEk5sept vt. 接受,承认:Much to my regret, Im unable to accept your kind invitation. 我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。【辨析】accept 与receive:前者指主观上接受,后者指客观上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到这件礼物,但没有接受。accident5AksIdEnt n.
7、C事故:She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。【短语】by accident偶然,无意中according toE5kR:dIN tu: prep.按照,根据:from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 各尽所能,按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 oclock. 按我的表是10点钟。【注意】1.不能用于第一人称,即不能说according to me (us)。2.其
8、后不能接view, opinion等表示观点或看法的词,要表示类似意思可改用in ones opinion等。acheeIk n. C疼痛 vi. 痛;渴望:Her head ached all night. 她的头整夜都疼。/ I am aching to join in the game. 我渴望参加比赛。achieveE5tFi:v v. 1.达到,取得 2.完成,实现:He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。acrossE5krRs prep.& adv. 穿过,在另一边,在对面:We swam across the riv
9、er. 我们游到河对岸。/ Across the street from the school is the library. 从学校穿过大街就是图书馆。【辨析】across与cross:前者为介词或副词,后者为动词。actAkt n.C动作;举动;节目;(戏剧的)幕;法案,法令 vi.行动;产生的效果;表演;表现;见效 vt.扮演(角色):People praised his brave act. 人们赞扬他的勇敢行为。/ Think before you act! 三思而后行!/ Does the drug take long to act? 这药要很久才能起作用吗?【短语】act as
10、充当 / act for 代理,代表active5AktIv adj.积极的,活泼的,活跃的:She is very active. 她非常活跃。/ He is an active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。 actor5AktE n.C(男)演员:professional actor 专业演员actress5AktrIs n.C女演员:an experienced actress有经验的女演员actual5AktFJEl adj. 实际的,真实的,现实的,目前的:I can not give the actual figures. 我不能举出实际数字。/
11、Whats the actual price? 实价多少?addAd vi.&vt. 加,增加,增进,补充说:“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added. “我为她感到惋惜,”鲍勃又说道。【短语】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起来 / add up to 加起来等于,总之就是addressE5dres n. C住址,通迅处 vt.向致辞,演说,写姓名地址:Whats your home address? 你的家庭住址呢? / Write the address clearly. 地址请写清楚。admireEd5maIE vt. 钦佩,赞
12、美,羡慕:I admire her for her bravery. 我钦佩她的勇气。【注意】其后不能接双宾语,也不接that 引导的宾语从句。admitEd5mIt vt. 接纳,让进入,承认:He admitted that it was really his fault. 他承认这确实得怪他。【用法】后接动词要用动名词,不用不定式:She admitted having read the letter. 她承认看过这封信。advanceEd5vB:ns vi.前进,进展 vt. 推进,促进,提升,提前,预付 n.C,U前进,进展,进步,提升,预付款:The general command
13、ed his men to advance. 将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。【短语】in advance 在前头,事先,提前 / in advance of 在前面,比进步,超过 / on the advance (物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝前进advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n.C,U优势,长处,有利条件,利益:A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。【短语】have g
14、ain, get the an advantage over of 胜过,优于 / take advantage of 乘机利用,利用别人的弱点,占便宜 adventureEd5ventFE n.C,U冒险,冒险活动,奇遇 v. 冒险,胆敢:He lived for adventure. 他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险”,不可数;表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”,则可数。adviceEd5vaIs n.U忠告,建议:Your advice was a great help to me. 你的建议对我
15、有很大的帮助。 / I dont know who ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁讨教。【用法】1.不可数,不与不定冠词或数词连用,也不用复数形式,如说a piece of advice, some advice,但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见,通常用ask (for) advice;表示听从或接受某人的意见,通常用follow take ones advice。adviseEd5vaIz vt.劝告,建议:Be advised! 接受意见吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办
16、。【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语,要用动名词,不能用不定式,即说advise doing sth,不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事,要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语);若表示建议某人不要做某事,则用advise sb not to do sth 或 advise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。affairE5fZEn.C事件,事情,事务,
17、私事,恋爱事件:foreign affairs 外交事务 / school affairs 校务 / How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎么样?affordE5fR:d vt. 买得起,经受得住,承担得起:I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。/ We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。【用法】1.常与can, could, be able to 连用。2.其后可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语,若意思明确,可省略有关成分:afford to buy a car =afford a ca
18、r 买得起小车 / afford the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出时间去度假afraidE5freId adj.(用作表语)害怕的,担心的;恐怕:Dont be afraid. 不用怕。/ He is afraid to say that. 他不敢说那事。/ I was afraid of waking him. 我担心会把他吵醒。/ Im afraid youre wrong. 恐怕是你错了。【比较】1. be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth:前者指害怕(不敢)做某事,而后者有两个意思,一是
19、表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to do sth 互换),二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。2. Im afraid not 与 Im not afraid:前者为委婉的否定回答,意为“恐怕不”;后者意为“我不怕”。Africa5AfrIkEn.非洲:Africa is a continent. 非洲是个大陆。African5AfrIkEn adj.非洲的,非洲人的 n.C非洲人after5B:ftE prep.在后面 conj.在以后 adv.在后,后来:What did you do after le
20、aving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them after you leave (have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他们。/ We arrived soon after. 我们随后就到了。【辨析】1. after与behind:前者指位次的先后,后者指位置的前后。2. after与in:前者以过去时间为起点,通常连用过去时态;而in 则以现在时间为起点,通常连用将来时态。但是,若表示在某一点时间之后,则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去):Ill leave here after 6 oclock. 我6点后离开这儿。afternoon5B
21、:ftE7nu:n n.C,U下午,午后:He returned in the late afternoon. 他是在傍晚时分回来的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear. 今天下午阴转晴。againE5geIn adv.再一次,又,再:After the storm it became calm again. 暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。/ Look to it that this doesnt happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。【短语】again and again 再三地,反复地 / once again 再一次
22、againstE5ge(I)nst prep. 相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着:Are you for or against it? 你是支持它还是反对它? / Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature. 与大自然作斗争,其乐无穷。【注意】against 是介词,不是动词,所以不能说 Do you against之类的。ageeIdV n.年龄,时代,(用复数表示)长时间:What is your age? 你年纪多大?/ She died in 1936 at the
23、age of 84. 她死于1936年,享年84岁。/ I havent seen him for ages. 我已好长时间没有见到他了。【注意】不要按汉语习惯将“他年纪轻”说成He age is young. 可说成 He is young.agoE5gEJ adv.以前:That was some twenty years ago. 那大约是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad. 我们一星期前来到这里,从那时起天气一直不好。agreeE5gri: v.同意,赞成,答应:She agreed to my
24、idea. 她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you say. 你所说的我很赞成。/ If you agree, so; if not, so. 如果你同意,就这样;如果你不同意,也这样。【比较】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 赞成某人的意见,与某人意见相同 / agree on (upon) 对持相同观点 / agree to 同意(某项计划、建议、安排等)【注意】不要将汉语的“同意某人做某事”直译为agree sb to do sth,可改说agree to let sb do sth等。agriculture5
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