全国小学生英语能力竞赛复习资料.doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流全国小学生英语能力竞赛复习资料【精品文档】第 24 页小学英语基础知识总汇一、考点单词详解:1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2 am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3 have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.5. some, any 的选择:
2、肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:Im taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigge
3、r than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine finer , 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier 双写最后的字母再加er,如big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)比较的两者是我的
4、头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比较级专项练习一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big(1) How_is the Yellow River?(2) How_is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How_are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How_is the fish? Its 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) Im 12 years old. Youre
5、 14. Im_than you.(2) A rabbits tail is_than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is_than a pig.(4) A lake is_than a sea.(5) A basketball is_than a football.三、根据中文完成句子.(1)? 我比我的弟弟大三岁. Im_than my brother.(2)? 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree_than that one.(3)? 你比他矮四厘米. You are_than he.(4)? 谁比你重?_ than you?四、根据答句写出问句(1)
6、_Im 160 cm.(2)_ Im 12 years old.(4)_Amys hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d如lived , danced , used以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (play、stay) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped 、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学
7、阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt四:动词现在分词详
8、解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人称和数人称代词(主格) 宾格物主代词第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的) 复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)him his(他的)she(她)
9、herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)六:句型专项归类肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom.He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (is
10、nt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isnt,arent”,但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个
11、助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a
12、 hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont).Are they swimming
13、? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要
14、的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如:What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon
15、? Mike.Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? Its Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.How are you? Im fine. / Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来
16、提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,How many
17、+ 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少?How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少?How many + 名词复数 + are there? 有多少?七:完全、缩略形式: Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they are youre=you are theres=there is theyre=they are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not lets=let us wont=will not Ill=I
18、will wasnt=was not总结:通常情况下,m即am,s即is(但 lets=let us), re即are ,nt即not (但cant=can not)八:名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以在后边加s表示所属关系,名词的这种形式被称之为名词的所有格。常见的名词所有格的构成有哪些呢?请看:分类规则例词s所有格单数名词在末尾加sthe girls mother 那个女孩的妈妈Want Meis ruler王梅的尺子以s结尾的可数名词复数,在末尾加sTeachers Day 教师节the studentsbooks学生们的书以s结尾的人名,在末尾加s或是Dickenss
19、/ Dickens novels狄更斯的小说表示各自的所有关系,各名词末尾均须加sLucys and Lilys bikes露西和莉莉的自行车表示共同所有关系时,最后一词末尾加sluck and Lilys bedroom露西和莉莉的卧室表示“某人家”、“某店铺”,所有格后的名词省略my uncles我叔叔家the butchers 肉店of 所有格“名词+of+名词”构成of所有格the window of the room这个房间的窗户the life of the rich 有钱人的生活双重所有格在同一名词词组中同时具备s以及of两种所有格a friend of my fathers我爸
20、爸的一个朋友九、 反身代词人称代词物主代词反身代词人 称主格宾格形容性物主代词名词性物证代词单数第一人称我Imemyminemyself第二人称你youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称他hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself复数第一人称我们weusouroursourselves第二人称你们youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称他她它们theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesPep小学英语总复习单词归类表学习用品(school things)pen钢笔 pencil铅
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