中考英语总复习介词、连词(讲解+练习).doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流中考英语总复习介词、连词(讲解+练习)【精品文档】第 11 页介词和连词中考命题趋势考纲解读(介词和连词在近5年考试中的考查点)1. 熟悉和掌握常用介词和连词的用法。2. 了解和运用一些常见的介词短语及连词的使用方法。3. 能正确区分并列连词和从属连词，并掌握其用法。命题预测1. 介词的考查方式以单项选择的形式为主，也会在单词拼写、完形填空中进行考查。2. 据统计，介词的常考点有：(1)表示时间的介词，如：临沂，17题；咸宁，30题。(2)表示地点方位的常用介词，如：大庆，2题。(3)表示方式、手段或工具的介词，如：云南，21题。(4)介词的常见搭配，如

2、：徐州，7题。连词的考点有：(1)并列连词的用法，如：绥化，6题；临沂,28题。(2)从属连词的用法，如：长春，13题；乐山，30题。3. 预计今后中考中介词考查的重点将是其基本用法(同时也要注意介词的常见搭配的情况)；连词的考查将以并列连词和从属连词基本含义为重点，也要注意考查连词的特殊用法，比如：“就近原则”，不能出现在同一个句子中的连词等。介词知识点全览介词时间介词in，on，at，after，before，since，until，by，during等方位介词in，on，over，under，above，below，by，beside，near，next to，round/around，

3、between，among，into，out of等方式介词by，in，on (表示交通方式) by，in，with，on(表示工具或手段等)常见易混淆介词during与for；before与by；across，through，over与past；in，on与to；because，as与for；besides与except常用介词搭配介词与动词：listen to等介词与名词：on time等介词与形容词：be afraid of等中考考点清单一、介词概述：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词是一种用来表示词与词或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有

4、名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或句子。如：I am inschool. in the morningThanks forhelping me. What aboutgoing for a walk?二、介词的句法功能：介词不能独立在句中作成分，介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。1. 作定语：The book on the table is mine. 2. 作状语：We have breakfast at seven. (表时间)；They were late for meeting because of th

5、e heavy rain. (表原因)；They started the machine by pressing the button. (表方式)3. 作表语：My dictionary is in the bag. 4. 作宾语补足语：I found him in the office. 三、介词分类：时间介词；方位介词；方式介词；目的介词；原因介词；运动方向介词；比较介词等等。考点1时间介词1. at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。at six oclockat Easter2. in表示“在某一时间段”，如用在月份、季节、年份、时代、世纪等前。in J

6、uly/summer/ancient times/the 1900sin the morning/afternoon/evening3. on表示在特殊或具体的日子。on Saturday morningon the morning of August 1ston the Mid-Autumn Day【注意】当表示时间的名词前有this/last/next/every等时，前面不需要加介词。She will come back next week. They played basketball last night. 4. since，from与for(1)since指从某时一直延续至今，后接

7、时间点，与完成时连用。He has lived here since 1993. (2)from说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。From now on，I will learn English in the morning. (3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，表示“持续时间”。常与完成时连用。I have studied English for six years. 5. after与in(1)after与时间段连用，用于过去时。They finished the work after two years. (2)after与时间点连用，用于将来时。Ill r

8、ing you up after two oclock. (3)in与时间段连用，指“在之后”，表示从说话起的一段时间后，常与将来时连用。The bus will be here in ten minutes. 6. by“到以前为止” “by+时间点”表示“在之前”，如果by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。We had learned 1，000 English words by the end of last term. 7. “during+时间段”“在期间”，与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作或状态。He lives with us during these years. 8. un

9、til用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；用于肯定句中，意为“直到为止”，其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。I didnt leave until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home. 9. before和after 表示时间，分别意为“在之前”和“在之后”。Please bring your homework before ten oclock. 考点2方位介词表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in(在里)，behind (在后面)，down (向下)等。其中有

10、些方位介词的意义比较接近，但在用法上有一定的差别，如on，over，above 都有“在之上”的意思，但用法却不尽相同。这里，我们可以用图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这些介词的不同用法。介词图示意义例句1in在 之内The students are reading in the classroom. 学生们在教室里读书。2on在 上面The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。3over在 (正)上方There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。4under在 (正)下方The boat sailed under the

11、 bridge. 船在桥下行驶。5above在 上方The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。6below在 下方The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉到地平线下。7by在 旁边Our house is by the river. 我们的房子在河边。besideCome and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。8near在 附近I dont need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住的地方靠近市中心。9next to紧挨My bes

12、t friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。10behind在 后面Oliver hid behind a tree. 奥利弗藏在一棵树后面。11before在 之前He made a speech before a large audience. 他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。12outside在 外面He parked his car outside the theater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。13to到 去We walked to the fruit shop. 我们步行去了水果店。14from从 来We traveled to

13、 London from Edingburgh. 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。15round/ around围绕All sat around the table. 所有的人围着桌子坐。16between在之间 (指两者)The letter B is between A and C. 字母B在A和C之间。17among在之间 (指三者或三者以上)The house stands among the trees. 房子在树丛中。18across横过、越过If the road is busy，dont walk across it. 如果道路交通繁忙，就不要横穿马路。19through穿过We dr

14、ove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过了隧道。20onto(强调动作) 向上The people lifted the baskets onto the trucks. 人们把篮子运上了卡车。21into(强调动作) 进入They put the apples into the baskets. 他们把苹果放进了篮子里。22out of从出来Dont look out of the window in class. 上课时不要朝窗外看。23along沿着Walk along this street，and then turn left，you can see the po

15、st office. 沿着这条街走，然后向左拐，你就可以看到邮局。24up向上The monkeys climb- ed up the trees to pick the bananas. 猴子爬到树上去摘香蕉。25down向下The ball is rolling down the hill. 球正往山下滚。考点3方式介词1. by+动词-ing表示“通过方式”The blind learn something by touching. 盲人通过触摸学习东西。2. by+交通工具表示“搭乘”by bus乘公共汽车by ship乘船by taxi乘出租车by train乘火车by plane乘

16、飞机【注意】by car=in a/his car 坐车；by plane=in a plane坐飞机；by bike=in a bike骑自行车3.“by+水陆空状态词”也表示交通方式。by road公路运输；乘汽车by land陆地运输by sea海路运输；乘船by water水路运输；乘船by air航空运输；坐飞机4. by+通讯方式表示“用作为联系方式”by letter书信联系；以书信的方式by express快递by e-mail邮件联系5. by固定搭配：by hand手工制作；用手by far到目前为止by the time到的时候by name用的名字by the name

17、 of名叫的6. in+语言表示“用语言”in Chinese 用中文7. in固定搭配in time及时on time准时in the sun在阳光下in a moment立刻in no time立刻in life在生活中in a low/high voice低声说/高声说8. with+具体的工具或五官表示“用”eat with a spoon用勺子吃write with a pencil用铅笔写We see with our eyes，and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。9. be made of/from由制成The desk is made of

18、wood. 这个书桌是用木头做的。Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的。10. be made in+地名在某地制造Most of the phones are made in China. 大多数手机在中国制造。考点4常见易混淆介词辨析1. 时间介词during与for的用法辨析(1)当所指的时间起止分明时用介词duringHe swims every day during the summer. (2)for后接时间段，常与完成时连用I havent seen her for years. 2. 时间介词before与by的用法辨析(1)介词before表示“

19、在之前”He wont come back before five. (2)介词by表示“到时为止，不迟于”The work must be finished by Friday. 3. 方位介词across，through，over与past的用法辨析(1)介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。She went across the street to make some purchases. (2)介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。The sunlight was coming in through the windows. (3)

20、介词over多表示从“上方越过”。He failed to go over the mountain；he had to go round it. (4)介词past表示从“面前经过”。Someone has just gone past the window. 4. 地点介词in，on与to的用法辨析(1)介词in表示“包含”Beijing is in the north of China. (2)介词on表示“紧邻”Canada lies on the north of the U. S. (3)介词to表示“没接触”France lies to the south of England.

21、 5.介词besides与except的用法辨析(1)介词besides表示“除之外(全部计算在内)”We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang. (2)介词except表示“除之外(不计算在内)”We are all Chinese except Tom in our class. 考点5一些固定搭配(1)介词与动词的搭配listen to，laugh at，get to，look for，wait for，hear from，turn on，turn off，worry about，think of，look after，spend. on. 等。

22、(2)介词与名词的搭配on time，in time，by bus，on foot，with pleasure，on ones way to，in trouble，at breakfast，at the end of，in the end等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配be late for，be afraid of，be good at，be interested in，be angry with，be full of，be sorry for等。连词知识点全览连词并列连词并列关系and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.选择关系or，either

23、.or.转折关系but，while（然而）.因果关系for，so.从属连词引导状语从句时间关系：when，while，after，until，as soon as.条件关系：if，unless，as long as.原因关系：because，as，since.让步关系：though，although，even if,even though.结果关系：so.that.，such.that.，目的关系：so that.，in order that.地点关系：where.方式关系：as.比较关系：as.as.，not as/so.as.，.than.引导名词性从句that，if，whether，wh

24、o，whose，what，which，where.一、连词概述连词是连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词。在句中不单独作句子成分。历年中考中常考并列连词and，but，neither. nor. ；从属连词now that，though，when等。二、基础知识梳理1. 并列连词用来连接并列的词、短语或句子。并列连词有and，or，but，so，for，nor等。2. 并列连词和连接性副词存在以下区别：(1)连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词只能放在第二个分句的句首，前面通常有逗号。I must work hard，for I still have a long way to go. They all

25、went，but I didnt go. (2)连接性副词的位置比较灵活，句中、句首、句末都可以。但是放在句首较为普遍。Mother was ill. Therefore，she stayed at home yesterday. =Mother was ill. She，therefore，stayed at home yesterday. 中考考点聚焦考点1介词例1(上海)Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud _ him.A. On B. to C. in D. of解析：句意：Frank是个独立的孩子，他父母以他为荣。本题考

26、查固定介词搭配。“对某人感到骄傲”表达为“be proud of sb.”答案：D例2(绥化)An earthquake happened in Songyuan, Jilin_ the morning ofMay28,.A. on B. in C. atD. for解析：句意：“5月28日上午，吉林松阳发生了地震。” 本题考查时间介词。由题意可知，这是强调具体的某一天的上午，所以使用介词on。答案：A考点2连词例1 (长春)The sky is much bluer _ we have taken action to protect the environment.A. becauseB.

27、beforeC. untilD. unless解析：句意：“因为我们采取了措施来保护环境，所以天空更蓝了。”由题意可知，本题考查原因状语从句连词。所以使用because。答案：A例2 (绥化)Work hard, _youll catch up with your classmates next timeA. and B. or C. butD. for解析：句意：“努力吧，下次你会赶上你的同学的”。本题考查并列连词。根据句意可知，这里表示顺承关系。答案：A中考真题演练考点1介词1. (连云港)Im thirsty. Id like a glass of orange juice. What

28、about you, Dad? I prefer a cup of coffee _A_nothing in it.A. with B. without C. for D. to2. (呼和浩特)Bmysurprise, the twins have nothing common. A. With; inB. To; inC. In; inD. To;of3. (河南)I stopped _B_the night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.A. at B. for C.

29、until D. through4. (昆明)Tony, dont eat _A _ class.Sorry, I wont do it again.A. in B. on C. to D. by5. (北京)Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a giftA you.A. for B. in C. with D. from6. (齐齐哈尔)My younger brother was born _B _the night of June21st. He is very cute.A. in B. on C. at 7. (广东)Its very kind _A_ you

30、 to lend me your reusable shopping bags.A. of B. for C. to D. with8. (南京)Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing _B_ May 7, . A. in B. on C. at D. by9. (海南)Mr. Zhao is going to theairport_C _taxi.A. inB.onC.by10. (河北)Just walk down this road and youll see the muse

31、um _A_ your right.A. onB. inC. atD. by11. (河北)Mom wont let Dick go out _D_ he promises to be back by 10:00 tonight.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. unless12. (宿迁)Your gloves should be made _ D _ leather, for they feel soft and smooth.A. in B. on C. for D. of13. (孝感) Its not necessary to find a friend who is t

32、he sameByou.A. inB. asC. toD. from14. (南通)When I walked D the south side of the square，I happened to meet our English teacherA. across B. around C. through D. along15. (咸宁)- Thanks _our government, we can play sports on the new playground nextweek.- Thats for sure! And well have a sports meeting _A_

33、 one month.A. for; inB. to; inC. for; afterD. to; after16. (武汉)- Whatare you doing?- Im looking_C the kids. They should be back for lunch nowA. after B.at C.for D.up17. (无锡) Lets put the piano over there, _B_ the wall.A. aboveB. againstC. acrossD. around18. (无锡)Im planning to climb Mount Huang this

34、summer. Would you like to come along?Wow! That would be exciting _A_ challenging. Im in!A. as well asB. as good asC. as long asD. as far as19. (天津)In the picture, he sits _A_me, looking very happy.A. beside B. among C. up D. through20. (苏州)Scared by the loud noise, the rabbits ran offCall directions

35、.A. on B. at C. in D. by21. (上海)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the World Cup_B_July.A. on B. in C. at D. of22. (南京)Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon _B_20 July 1969.A. in B. on C. at D. for23. (龙东)Stephen Hawking was famousCa scientist, he made a great contribution to t

36、he world, and he died March 14th, .A. for; on B. as; inC. as; on D. for; in24. (连云港)Bill,didyouseeTom?Yes,hejustparkedhiscarhereandthenhurried Dthestreet.A. throughB. overC. pastD. across25. (东营)It is said that children in South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at nightCtheir military(军

37、事的) training.-Really? So their training is much harder than ours.A. afterB. sinceC. duringD. before考点2连词1. (长春)Work hard and be patient, _A_ your dream wont come true.A. orB. andC. butD. so2. (扬州)Hawking is no longer with us,Che will continue to inspire the world.A. so B. if C. but D. as3. (孝感)BSqua

38、re Dancing is good exercise for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of noise.A. IfB. AlthoughC. UntilD. Because4. (咸宁)HarryPotter is Can interesting novel Iwant to read itagain. Iagree with you.A. so; thatB. too; toC. such; thatD.as;as5. (无锡)He stayed up very late that night. _D_ he woke up in the mor

39、ning, the sun was already high up in the sky.A. UntilB. AfterC. WhileD. As6. (天津) Tony was drawing a picture_C_ I was doing my homework.A. if B. because C. while D. until7. (随州)Some people wont realize the importance of their healthD they lose it.A. because B. after C. when D. until8. (苏州)Excuse me,

40、 can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station?Walk straight on C you see a white building. Its right there.A. though B. since C. until D. if9. (沈阳)My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others_A_ they were young.A. when B. since C. after D. before10. (上海)Peter spent half a

41、 day fishing by the river,_D_he didnt catch anything.A. so B. or C. for D. but11. (上海)Mr Black walked around and offered help_A_we were doing an experiment.A. while B. although C. until D. unless12. (南京)Mexican and Tex-Mex foods were popular in the USA, _B_ now Chinese food has more fans.A. because

42、B. but C. so D. unless13. (临沂) When you are in your school dining hall during lunchtime, you may feel lonely _B_ you can find someone to have lunch with.A. if B. unlessC. after D. because14. (兰州) In summer, food will go bad quickly _B_ we put it into a fridge.A. if B. unless C. as soon as D. while15

43、. (昆明) _C_I have lost everything in this terrible earthquake, I have not lost my life.A. Because B. So C. Although D. If16. (荆州)There is always a smile on your face. Isnt there any trouble in your life?Yes, there is. But life is like a mirror.Ayou smile at it, it will smile back.A.When B. Before C.Until