汉译英-大学英语四六级汇总.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流汉译英-大学英语四六级汇总【精品文档】第 13 页汉译英扩充4/6级汇总-目的,要求和评分第一部分: 概述一、 主要目的1996年以前，全国大学英语四级考试的阅读理解部分一直采用多项选择题型，不能真实地反映考生的水平，不能较好地检测考生是否真正地理解了原文。因此，全国大学英语考试委员会决定在阅读理解部分增设英译汉翻译题，其主要目的在于考核考生对英语书面材料的确切理解能力, 促使学生提高英语的实际动手能力。这无疑给考生提出了更高的要求。1999年新修订的大学英语教学大纲对基础阶段（l2年级）学生的翻译能力（英译汉）具体要求如下：“能借助词典将难度略低于课文

2、的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300个英语单词。”二、具体要求英译汉一般安排在阅读理解部分之后，每次共4至5题。分别从4篇文章中分别选择1个或2个句子组成，要求考生在15分钟之内将它们译成汉语，每题2分，共计10分。因此，翻译时考生需参阅整篇文章的大意，理解上下文，以便更好地传达原意。三、评分标准根据最新的全国大学英语四级考试大纲公布样题的评分标准，每道英译汉题为2分，具体细化为4个部分，1.5分判给题中3个必须翻译正确的语言点，另外O.5分判给整句翻译的语言结构。例如：And someone with a history of doing more rather tha

3、n less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind第二节 答题步骤英译汉的步骤主要可分为理解、表达和校正3步。理解是表达的基础，表达是双语转换的体现，二者不可分割，没有准确的理解就没有顺畅的表达。尽管全国大学英语四级考试时间比较紧，但校正仍是不可省略的一步。一、 理解首先是理解句子所关联的主题。由于英译汉翻译题的选句是从语篇中划出句子，其内容必然关联主题。因此，必须对文章有一个准确的理解。对原文作透彻的理解是翻译的关键。因此必须注意下面几点：1、理解语言现象

4、在翻译时学生应该依据上下文来理解原文的词汇含义，句法结构和惯用法等。例如：For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.对我来说，教书是一个会令人熬红眼睛，手掌出汗，精神沮丧的职业。从上下文来看，sinking-stomach 不是指从事教书这个职业就会得胃下垂这种病，而是说明作者的精神状态，所以译成“精神沮丧的”。2、理解逻辑关系为了透彻理解原文，同学们还要有联系地理解原文中词，词组和句子。有时他们有几种意思，此时要根据上下文仔细地推敲，决定哪一种是确切的译法。例如：Let me care for

5、 your house while you are away. 在此句中“care for” 应该译成“照看，照料”。I care for classical music. 在此句中 “care for” 应该译成“喜欢”。二、表达有了正确的理解才有可能进行正确的表达。表达实质上就是把所理解的内容在头脑中进行转换，寻找恰当的汉语词语表示出来。在表达上还有一些具体方法和技巧, 在后面的讲解中我们会提到。三、校改校改是前面两个阶段的进一步深化，是对原文理解进行进一步核实、推敲的阶段。校改在翻译过程中相当重要，通过校改，往往可以发现译文中存在的偏差，只有这样才能确保考出好成绩。校改的内容包括译词的错

6、漏或不够准确，笔误，错别字，标点符号等。第三节 使用适当的翻译技巧不同的语言各有其特点和形式。在词汇,语法，惯用法，表达方面有相同之处，也有相异之处。英译汉的一切翻译理论，方法和技巧都建立在英汉两种语言的对比上。因此在翻译的过程中，很自然地要用到一些翻译技巧。学生应该掌握一些基本的翻译方法。在平时学习时，要有意识、有计划地进行这方面的训练。下面就提醒同学注意一些基本的翻译技巧。一、在词汇方面要注意如下几个问题：1、词义的选择英语与汉语一样，一词多义的现象很普通，必须依靠分析词语的搭配来确定该词在上下文中的特定含义，才不会出现理解错误，造成翻译失误。例如：I have an account in

7、 the Midland Bank.在该句中，account的意思是“帐户”。This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation.在该句中，account的意思是“描述，叙述”。3、词语的增减因为英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异，我们不可能进行“逐字对译”，很多情况下都采取“意译”，或者在翻译的过程中增加一些词语使句意完整，或者减少一些词语避免不必要的重复。例如：So that amounts to about a year for shouting and

8、 disabling a cop, and a year for robbing a jewelry store根据上下文，为了更准确地理解原文，翻译此句时我们应该用增词法增加动词和减词法。“那就是说，枪击并可能致残一位警察只服了一年的刑，枪劫珠宝店也仅服刑一年”。.而原句中的”amount to” 在译时给省掉了。With what enthusiasm the students are studying English! 翻译时可以增加形容词，使译文更明确。（学生们正以多么高的热情学习英语啊！）二、在句子结构方面要注意名词从句、定语从句、状语从句，长句的处理和被动语态的问题。现分别举例如下

9、：1、名词从句。名词从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。翻译这类从句比较容易，大多数可按原文顺序译，但也有一些特殊处理的方法。 1.1主语从句。该句型可先译主语从句，形式主语可译可不译。例如：It does not matter which method you chose.（你选择哪一种方法都无关紧要。） 1.2宾语从句。有it作形式宾语时，可先译that引导的宾语从句。例如：I owe it to you that I have been so successful.（我这么成功，多亏了你。） 1.3同位语从句。该从句往往译成“的”这种从句往往是置后，我们可把从句名词转化为汉语的动词来

10、译，后面的从句可用汉语的“即”或冒号引出。例如：We have to face the fact that we have done wrong.(我们不得不 视这样的现实：我们已经做错了。)2、定语从句。英语中的定语从句的译法主要涉及到限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的译法。当定语从句较简单时，可以用前置法来翻译。就是说把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰的词之前。例如：If it is school success you are after, you can not neglect studying.（如果你追求的是学业成功，你决不能忽视学习。）如果定语从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置

11、定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。例如：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.（他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的性命。）3、状语从句状语从句包括时间，条件，地点和目的等从句。在翻译时，往往可以把这类从句译成汉语的介词或副词词组，或译成分句。例如

12、：She was late because the traffic was too heavy.将原因状语从句译成表原因的分句，按汉语的习惯，在译文中把它前置在主句的前面。“因为交通太拥挤，她迟到了。4、长句的处理。碰到长句翻译时，我们要注意如下几个方面的问题。4.1语序不同。语序是使学习英语的中国学生感到头痛的问题之一。一个句子中有众多成分，哪个在前，哪个在后？一般说来，英汉两种语言在句子顺序的先后排列上不一样，例如：昨天上午八点半在体育馆前面我碰见了John。汉语将事件的有关情况先一交代，最后才点明主题。英语是：I met John in front of the stadium at h

13、alf past eight yesterday morning. 英语先把“什么人做什么事情”说出来，然后一步步地将地点、时间等附加状语说出来，英汉两种语言在其它方面语序也大不一样。 拿地点状语来说，汉语的习惯是从大说到小，而英语却是从小说到大，两种语序正好相反。4.2结构的不同：英语有些句子很长，但其结构紧凑，复杂而清晰，从句里还有从句，而汉语的句子结构比较松散，常用几个小句表达一句话的意思。例如:Hughes is one of the most accomplished writers in American literary history and is seen as one of

14、 the artistic leaders of the Harlem Renaissance, the period when a neighborhood that was predominantly black produced a flood of great literature, music, and other art forms depicting daily city life for African-Americans.该句句子较长，结构复杂，有并列结构、被动结构、同位语和定语从句。可把原文分成三个句子来翻译。“ 休斯是美国文学史上最成功的作家之一。在哈莱姆文艺复兴时期,

15、从黑人占优势的地区中涌现出数量众多的文学作品。音乐作品和其他的艺术形式，描写了非洲裔美国人日常城市生活。修斯被看做是这个复兴时期的一名艺术带头人。”4.3表达习惯不同。英汉两种语言表达习惯差异较大。所以在翻译中既要保留原文结构，又要忠实原文意思往往有困难。此时可以改变原文结构，保留原文意思。而常用的方法之一是分译法，即把原文中较长的句子成分，或者不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理。这样可以使译文在意义上忠实原文而意思明确。例如：Heat is required to change ice to water. 把句中的不定式短语译成一个分句。（要让冰融为水，就必须加热。）She had made

16、several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 把该句拆开，译成个小句。（她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并没有成功。）大学英语四级翻译题目汇总大纲样题87.The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)。 88.Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _

17、(与我的相比)。 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 2006年6月24日英语四级翻译87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _ (找到去历史博物馆的路).88. _ (为了挣钱供我上学)， mother often tak

18、es on more work than is good for her.89. The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告)。90. The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂).91. Though a skilled worker, _ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.2006年12月23日英语四级翻译87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活).88.

19、 Since my childhood I have found that _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89. The victim _ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologists claim that people _ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91. The nations population continues to rise _ (以每年1200万人的速度).2007年6月23日英语四级翻译87. The finding of this study failed

20、to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (决定退出比赛).90. To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我们联系).91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _ (如果你方便的话).2007年12月22日英语四级翻译87. _ (多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors c

21、an treat this disease successfully.88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _.(我比以前更容易累了)89. I am going to pursue this course, _. (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _. (它更加方便和省时)91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life

22、 _ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn.2008年6月21日英语四级翻译87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _. (能应用于新技术的开发)88. I cant boot my computer now. something _ (一定出了毛病)with its operating system.89. Leaving ones job, _(无论是什么工作)，is a difficult change, even for those who look for

23、ward to retiring.90. _ (与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. _(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.2008年12月20日英语四级翻译87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _. (他们至今还没有答案)88. _(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for t

24、heir children.89. Youd better take a sweater with you _. (以防天气变冷)90. Through the project, many people have received training and _. (决定自己创业)91. The anti-virus agent was not known _. (直到一名医生偶然发现了它)2009年6月20日英语四级翻译87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _ (很难跟上班里的同学)in m

25、ath and English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _. (就不会被大雨淋了)89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _. (更有可能增加体重)90. (很多人没有意识到的)_ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body i

26、s _. (与缺乏锻炼密切相关)2009年12月英语四级翻译87. You would not have failed if _.(按照我的指令去做)88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _. (放弃对知识的追求)89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before _. (我们找到治愈癌症的方法)90. Production has to be increased considerably to _. (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步)91. The more exer

27、cise you take, _. (你越不大可能感冒)2010年6月英语四级翻译题87、Because of noise outside,Nancy had greatdifficulty_(集中注意力在实验上)88、The manager never laughed;neither_(她也从来没有发过脾气)。89、We look forward to_( 被邀请出席开幕式)。90、It is suggested that the air conditioner_(要安装在窗户旁边)91、The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroadon her

28、own despite_(她父母的强烈反对)参考答案： 大纲样题 87. whether (it is) heated or not 88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me 89. compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine 90. half as much(money) 91. to attribute/ascribe their childrens success to 06.6 87. finding the way to the history

29、 museum 88. In order to support my university studies (或：to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees) 89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s) 90. the more confused I am 91. he was fired by the company 06.12 87. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures 8

30、8. nothing is more attractive to me than reading89. would have had a chance to survive或would have survived 90. might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling. 91. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million 07.6 87. take peoples slee

31、p quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration 88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match 90. contact us at the following address 91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 07.12 87. Thanks to/ because of a series of ne

32、w inventions 88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) 90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can sav

33、e more time) 91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow 08.6 87. can be applied to the development of the new technology. 88. must be wrong 89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 90. Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished the mission08.1287. to whic

34、h they still have no answers today88. what most parents are concerned about89. in case of temperature drop90. decide to start their own business91. until a doctor found it by chance09.6difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain more likely to put on wei

35、ght what many people dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 09.1287. if you had followed my instructions/orders88. abandoned the pursuit of knowledge89. find the cure for cancer90. keep pace with the constantl

36、y growing demands of consumers91. the less likely you are to catch a cold10.6in focusing on the experimenthad she lost her temperbeing invited to attend the opening ceremony(should) be installed by the windowher parents strong objection【真题】09年6月82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk

37、_(说服他不买车)。83. _(保持幽默感有助于)reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society.84. When confronted with the evidence, _(他不得不坦白自己的罪行)。85. When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means that they think _(一定有人在说他们的坏话)。86. She has decided to go on a diet, but finds _(很难抵制冰激凌

38、的诱惑)。08年12月82. He designed the first suspension bridge, which _(把美观和功能完美地结合起来)。83. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to _(本能地知道该走哪条路)。84. I dont think it advisable that parents _(剥夺孩子们的自由) to spend their spare time as they wish.85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more ene

39、rgy and _(与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低)。86. Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating _(为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选)。08年6月82. We can say a lot of things about those _(毕生致力于诗歌的人)：they are passionate, impulsive, and unique.83. Mary couldnt have received my letter, _(否则她上周就该回信了)。84. Nancy is suppo

40、sed to _(做完化学实验)at least two weeks ago.85. Never once _(老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago.86. _(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于) the quality of education of its people.07年12月82. But for mobile phones, _(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。83. In handling an embarrassing situation, _(没有什么比幽默感 更有帮助的了)。84. The Foreign Mi

41、nister said he was resigning, _(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)。85. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。86. The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎)。07年6月82. The auto manufacturers found themselves _(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额)。83. Only in the small town _(他才感到安全和放松)。84. It is

42、 absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利)。85. Our years of hard work are all in vain, _(更别提我们所花费的大量金钱了)。86. The problems of blacks and women _(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注)。06年12月24日72. If you had _(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦)。73. With tears on her face, the lady _(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室)。74. After the terrorist attack, tourists _(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)。75. I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)。76. _(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.06年12月23日 （仿真题）72. It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同)。73. To our delight, she _(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活)。74. The new government was accused _