中考英语宾语从句.docx

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1、课程主题：宾语从句专题讲解 学习目标1.学习掌握宾语从句时态语序，引导词高频考点；2.掌握宾语从句和简单句句型转换以及相应的解题方法。教学内容【进门测试】1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. wh

2、ether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after5. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he l

3、ive6. Could you tell me_? A. when did Tom come back B. when does Tom come back C. when Tom will come back D. when Tom comes back【互动精讲】宾语从句语法梳理一、概念：宾语是由一个句子来充当，这个句子就称作宾语从句。I think he is a good student .二、 可接宾语从句的动词有say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、 hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等， 或由形容词构成的系表结构，如：afraid、 s

4、ure、 glad、 sorry等I hope that our team will win the match .I am sure that I can pass the English exam easily .三、 宾语从句的标点符号。宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句，如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号，如果主句是疑问句，句尾用问号。I dont know what his name is .Do you know which school he studies in ?四、引导词。1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that (在非正式场合that可以省略)。that在从句中不充当任何成分，

5、也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldnt pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice等。【拓展2】当

6、主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 I dont think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting. 我认为他不会在会上发言的。【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope等动词以及Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。 eg: - Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗？ - I believe so.

7、我相信会。 - I dont believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不会。2. 以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句是陈述句语序。whether或if在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”。 eg: “May I use your knife？” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.【注意1】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 eg: “Do you know

8、her telephone number？” He asked me. He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】5种情况下一般只能用whether：与or not连用时I dont know whether he likes the movie or not. 我不知道他喜不喜欢这部电影。作介词的宾语时Everything depends on whether we have enough time.一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。放在不定式前，与不定式组成词组时She hasnt decided whether to go

9、or not.她还没决定去还是不去。在句首Whether they will join in the picnic ，I dont care.他们是否参加野餐，我不在乎。 5 作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。如： 正：It was uncertain whether he would come. （主语） 误：It was uncertain if he would come.正： His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. （表语）误： His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.

10、3. 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how。引导词后要用陈述句语序。疑问词在从句中充当相应的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语成分，且有自己的意义。 eg: Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.【注意1】特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。 eg: Do you know? Wh

11、ere does he live? Do you know where he lives? Which subject do you like best? He asked me. He asked me which subject I liked best.【温馨提示1】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是do / does / did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。 eg: Why did you come to the party late yesterday? Can you tell me? Can you tell me why you came to th

12、e party late yesterday? 【温馨提示2】特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。 eg: Who can answer the question? The teacher asked. The teacher asked who could answer the question. 老师问谁能回答这个问题。【温馨提示3】特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，要是主从句人称一致，一般可将宾语从句复合句改为简单句。 eg: I wonder how I can send an e-mail to you. I wonder how to send an e-ma

13、il to you. 我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。【特殊情况】：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为“引导词do you think陈述句语序”。 eg: What do you think he is going to do next? 你认为他下一步打算做什么？五、 宾语从句的同义句转换。在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。Can you tell me how I can get to the station?Can you tell me how to get to the s

14、tation ?六、 宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序（即正常的主谓语序）He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons .He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting .Do you know what the population of Dalian is ?当宾语从句是疑问句时，要用陈述语序。（疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语）Whats his fathers name? 他父亲叫什么名字？I dont know what his fathers name is? 我不知道他父亲叫什么名字

15、？When will they leave for Shanghai?你们什么时候去上海？Can you tell me when they will leave for Shanghai?你能告诉我他们什么时候去上海吗？七、 宾语从句的时态。1、 主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态）He says that he is good at EnglishHe says that he has been ill for two daysI dont know if he will come tomorrow2、 主句是一般过去时，从句可根

16、据需要用相应的过去某种时态。（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）He asked me where I livedHe said that she had been ill for two daysShe said that she would return soon3、当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”He said that the earth is round特例：1 Could you tell me 委婉的语气，常按照一般现在时处理。Coul

17、d you tell me where the nearest hospital is ?2 从句中有确切的时间状语时，则根据其时间状语决定从句时态。He said he was born in 1997.(注意不用过去完成时)八、宾语从句变否定句。如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think、 guess 、believe等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。I think chicken can swim (变否定句)I dont think chicken can swimHe said that he would go shop

18、ping(变否定句) .He said that he would not go shopping宾语从句变反意疑问句当宾语从句表示否定意义时，如果主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词时，通常将否定转移到主句的谓语动词中。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。I dont think there is anything wrong with the radio.我认为这台收音机没有毛病。注意：1.当宾语从句的否定转移时，若主句的主语是第一人称，则该句的反意思疑问句由从句来决定。I dont think

19、he is an honest boy, is he ?我认为他不是一个诚实的孩子，对吗？2.若主句的主语不是第一人称，则该句的反意疑问句由主句来决定。You believe he will come here soon, dont you ?你相信他很快就会来这儿，不是吗？They want to know if he is a good student , dont they ?九、简单句与复合句的转换He found that he was a good student .（宾语从句）He found him a good student .A B C DA 主语 B 谓语C宾语宾语补足

20、语同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是

21、know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you

22、 tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on

23、 going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不

24、定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covere

25、d with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy十、宾语从句记忆口诀宾语从句小口诀宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。【例题精讲】一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from

26、 Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5. Are t

27、he children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8. Where did she park her car

28、? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in th

29、at street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watc

30、h _ made in Shanghai.二、完成句子1 I wanted to know_(她在和谁交谈)2 He said_(他以前见过我)3 Im sorry for_(我所做的事)4 The teacher asked_(谁能回答这个问题)5 Jane said that_(她将乘飞机去那里)6 I wanted to know_(她是否有一些钱)7 We havent decided_(我们下一步该做什么)8 I think that English is_(没有数学难)9 Im not sure_(昨天天气是否晴朗)10He asked me_(是如何处理这件事的)11Do you

31、 know_(是否要下雨)12I wanted to know_(她是否来还是不来)【课堂检测】三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really don

32、t know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ y

33、ou are studying for? (why, what)四、句型转换。1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同义句)Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句 Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.4. I dont know how I c

34、an get to the hospital.（改为简单句 I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改为反意疑问句)【回家作业】五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our

35、father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work)at the moment.7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many

36、people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.六、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what color was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moo

37、nC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there wer

38、e 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( ) 5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( ) 6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )

39、7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( ) 8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got( ) 9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the

40、 matter( ) 10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( ) 11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( ) 12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how ch

41、eck B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking( ) 13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which进门测试DDDAC一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was二、1. whom she was talking with 2. he had seen me before 3. what I have done 4. who could answer the question5. she would go there by plane