中考英语被动语态考点透析.docx

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1、被动语态考点透析英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者，即“主语做某事”；被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即“主语被”。因此，当我们表示“主语被”时，要用被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词” 构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时一样。考点一：主动语态变被动语态（一）主动语态变被动语态的基本方法：口诀是：宾变主，提句首，主变宾，by后跟， 谓语变，要记清，be动词，加“过分”，看时态，看主语，要一致，莫忘记。例如：Jack cleans the room every day.（主动语态）主语

2、谓语 宾语The room is cleaned by Jack every day.（被动语态）主语 谓语 by的宾语（二）主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤：1、找出主动语态句中的主、谓、宾；2、把主动语态中的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语；3、把主动语态中的动词变成“be + 过去分词”；4、观察主动语态句中动词的时态与被动语态句中的主语，确定be的时态与单复数；5、如有宾语补足语或是双宾语的，先将其跟在谓语的后面；6、将主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语；7、句中如有其它成分，再跟在其后面。（三）中考再现1. You must throw the broken pottery away at

3、once.（改为被动语态）（广州中考）The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once.填must be thrown away2. She will take good care of the children.（变被动语态）（盐城中考）The children will _ _ _ _ _ by her. 填be taken good care of注意：短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。考点二：被动语态中助动词be的用法被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be在句中必须与主语的人称和数保持一致，且各种时态也

4、体现在助动词be上。如：一般现在时用is / am / are +过去分词；一般过去时用was / were +过去分词；一般将来时用will+ be +过去分词；现在完成时用has / have + been +过去分词；过去完成时用had + been + 动词的过去分词；现在进行时用am / is / are + being +过去分词；过去进行时用was/were + being+过去分词等共十种时态。但没有完成进行时和将来进行时。有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be过去分词”构成。例如：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.（主动语态）A lette

5、r is written by Bruce every week.（被动语态）2. Tom broke the windows.（主动语态）The windows were broken by Tom.（被动语态）3. We have studied English for 3 years.（主动语态）English has been studied for 3 years.（被动语态）4. You must lock the door when you leave.（主动语态）The door must be locked when you leave.（被动语态）中考再现1. Chines

6、e _ by the largest number of people（长沙中考） A. speak B. is speaking C. speaks D. is spoken 选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态。2. A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China（青海中考） A. mustB. must be C. has D. have 选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态。 3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. (重庆中考)A. will be repaire

7、d B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired选C。考查现在进行时的被动语态。4. How clean the window is!Yes. It _ just now. (盐城中考)A. has been cleaned B. was cleaned C. is cleaned D. will be cleaned选B。考查一般过去时被动语态。特别提示：在完成练习时，一定要根据句意或一些短语提示，正确使用各种时态。可将助动词be当作其它实义动词对待，来体现它的各种时态与数。考点三：带双宾语的动词变被动语态带双宾语的动词，如g

8、ive, send, buy, leave, lend, offer, pay, teach, tell, make, pass, sell, show, borrow等，变被动语态时，一般将间接宾语(指人) 变为被动语态的主语，把直接宾语(指物)保留下来，也可把直接宾语(指物)变为被动语态的主语，把间接宾语留在后面，但要在间接宾语前加介词to 或for，到底用to还是for，与前面所搭配的动词有关。1. Jack gave her some money.（主动语态）She was given some money by Jack.（被动语态）Some money was given to h

9、er by Jack.（被动语态）2. He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.3. My mother made me a big cake.I was made a big cake by my mother.A big cake was made for me by my mother. 中考再现1. Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）（黔江中考） A new pen _ _ _ her by her

10、mother 填was given to考点四：接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动语态带不定式作宾语补足语的动词在改为被动语态时，其后的不定式一律不能省略to。特别是使役动词have, make以及感官动词see, watch, notice, look at, listen to, hear, feel, observe等后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动语态中不定式to要省略，但变为被动语态时，要加上省掉的to。例如：1. I saw Tom enter the room. Tom was seen to enter the room by me.2. The boss made the l

11、ittle boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.中考再现1. Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动语态）（贵阳中考）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 填was seen to考点五：不用被动语态的情况（一）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come tr

12、ue, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例如：1. Great changes have taken place here.2. The accident happened last week.（二）系动词如get, turn, seem, feel, sound, taste, look, feel等没有被动语态也不能用被动语态。例如：1. These oranges taste nice.2. This shirt feels much softer than that one.（三）英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean

13、, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们形式上主动，含有被动意思，往往表示主语本身性质，而且主语应该是物。例如：1. This kind of cloth washes easily.2. This book reads well.（四）在need，want，require, 和 be worth等词的后面跟动名词形式，用主动形式表示被动。例如：1. The book is worth reading.2. The house needs repairing. (=The house needs to be repaired.)巩固练习

14、(一)选择正确的答案。1. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked2. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3. The old bridge_ in three weeks.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebui

15、lt4. This kind of machine _ well. A. is sold B. sell C. sells D. are sold5. The book is worth _.A. seeing B. reading C. be read D. read6. When I got to the classroom, the blackboard _.A. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. has been cleaned D. had been cleaned7. The letter _ in French. I cant read it.A. is

16、 writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes8. He _ enter the house by the little boy last night.A. is seen B. was seen C. is seen to D. was seen to9. A toy _ her at Christmas by her mother.A. is given B. givestoC. is given toD. gave10. Your dog must _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care

17、ofD. be take care of11. Today Chinese _ by more and more people around the world. (北京市中考)A. was spokenB. is spokenC. spokeD. speak12. The World Cup（世界杯足球赛）_ in Germany now.（山东滨州市） A. being hadB. is havingC. is holdingD. is being held13. What about the pen you bought yesterday? It _ wellI like it ver

18、y much.（泰州市中考）A. was writtenB. is writtenC. wroteD. writes14. Twenty students in this university _ to Australia to study last year, and more students are expecting to have the chance next year.（四川成都市）A. are sent B. were sentC. will send15. Many people learn English because it _ widely _ in the world

19、. （四川资阳市）A. is; usedB. was; usedC. is; usingD. was; using16. After the earthquake, Tan Qianqius story _on CCTV, many people are learning from him. （四川南充市）A. was reporting B. was reported C. reported17. Usually John _ to school in his fathers beautiful car. （河南中考）A. has takenB. is takingC. is takenD.

20、 has been taken18. Did you go to Jim s birthday party? No, I _. （宁波市中考）A. havent invitedB. didnt inviteC. am not invitedD. wasnt invited19. My e-mail _ to you last night.Have you received it_? （四川巴中市）A. sent; yetB. is sent; alreadyC. was sent; yet20. Its difficult for the village children to cross t

21、he river for school.I think a bridge _ over the river. （四川眉山市）A. should be builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. was built（二）将下列句子改为被动语态21. We will plant many more trees next year. 22. I saw the boy run yesterday. 23. Do you water your flowers every day? 24. We can repair this watch in two days.

22、25. Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.参考答案：1-5 CDACB 6-10 DBDCB 11-15 BDDBA 16-20 BCDCA21. Many more trees will be planted (by us) next year.22. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.23. Are your flowers watered every day?24. This watch can be repaired in two days.25. A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.或Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.学科网（北京）股份有限公司