牛津译林版中考英语复习专题突破之非谓语动词 .docx
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1、一、非谓语动词基本概念及组成形式非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。就其形式而言,非谓语动词有:动词不定式,动名词、 现在分词和过去分词四种形式。初中阶段重点掌握动词不定式和动词的-ing形式。二、知识结构三、考点分析(句型总结)1.动词不定式作主语:谓语动词用单数形式,常用it作形式主语。it+be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.=to do sth.+be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)tip
2、s:当形容词是用来修饰人的品质,比如kind/foolish/nice等时,用of;当形容词用来表达事情的性质,比如important/necessary等时,用for;2.动词不定式作宾语:to do sth.want/hope/would like/decide/wish/choose/try/need/agree seem/promise/refuse/forget/plan/remember/prepare etc.think/find/make/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.(it作形式宾语)e.g. He found it hard to finish homewo
3、rk.与疑问词when/where/which/what/how连用时,相当于一个宾语从句。e.g. His mother is telling him what to do/what he should do.3.动词不定式作宾语补足语:有相当数量的及物动词或短语可以接带to的不定式做宾补。这类及物动词常用的有:invite, need, ask, tell, order, advise, teach, allow, beg, enable, encourage, expect, wait for, like, hate, want等。在感官动词或使役动词后,要用不带to 的不定式,又称省t
4、o不定式。这类动词有:feel, hear, notice, see, watch; have, let, make等。后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的词(词组):“一感” feel“二听” hear, listen to“三让” let, make, have“四看” see, watch, notice, look at小试牛刀:1. The snow makes them _ cold, so they want to make a fire _ warm.A. feel; to keep B. to feel; keep C. feel; keep D. to feel; to ke
5、ep2. Did you notice anyone _ the house?A. have left B. to leave C. leave D. leaves3. They knew her very well, because they saw her _ up.A. grow B. grew C. growing D. to grow4. The mother felt herself _ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefields.A. grew B. grow C. to gro
6、w D. was growing可带to,可不带to 的动词不定式:动词help后所跟的不定式结构中,to可加可不加。在非正式英语和英语口语中,to常省略。e.g.Come and help me (to) lift this box.She came here to help her friend (to) organize the party.My cane helps me (to) walk.4.不定式作定语: 动词不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词之间有逻辑上的被动关系。 如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词有被动关系,要在不定式后加上介词。e.g. I want a pen to
7、 write with.I want a piece of paper to write on.5.不定式作状语:作目的状语:表示某一动作或状态的目的(to do)为了对目的加以强调(in order to/so as to.)作原因状语:sorry/happy/glad/pleased.(形容词常做表语)作结果状语:too.to./not.enough.to.(常考,且两个句型可以相互转换)e.g. He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he can
8、t go to school.6.动词不定式作表语:be+ to do sth.(常与主语互换表将来)e.g. His wish is to be a teacher.=To be a teacher is his wish.补充考点:1.不定式省略的情况:若有两个及以上不定式并列时,第一个不可省略to,其余都可以省略to;但若是比较关系则都不可以省略。e.g. Her mother taught her to write and read.I decide to go home or go to the cinema.2.省略不定式,保留to 的情况,常见于回答邀请等一般疑问句。e.g.-W
9、ould you like to join in my party. -I would like to.3. would rather (not) do than do宁愿做.也不愿做./比起做.更愿意做.e.g. I would rather walk to school than ride to school.不定式to与介词to的区别:to既可以是动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,也可以是介词,其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。大家要熟记在初中阶段 的英语学习中,有哪些短语中含介词to。现列举如下:make a contribution to doing sth. 为.做贡献devote.t
10、o doing sth.献身于,致力于.look forward to doing sth.期盼期望做某事.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.与.相比更喜欢做.be used to doing sth.习惯做.与被动语态有关的句型:当need/want/require作“需要”讲时,后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,也可跟不定式的被动式。此时,need/want/require后动词的逻辑宾语必须是句子主语。e.g. The door needs cleaning.=The door needs to be cleaned. have sb. do sth.=let
11、/make sb. do sth. 让某人去做某事have sb. doing sth.=keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直或持续做某事have sth. done 让某事被做/某人遭受某种损失e.g. He had his car cleaned yesterday.He had his keys stolen when he is having dinner.某些动词后接不定式和接动词-ing的区别动词形式中文意思stopto do sth.停下来去做另一件事doing sth.停止正在做的事情forgetto do sth.忘了去做某事(没做)doing sth.忘记做过
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