动名词和分词 重难考点总结与练习 讲义--中考英语语法专题复习（九年级通用）.docx

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1、第一学期 九年级英语语法专题复习（通用版）动名词和分词 重难考点总结与练习（含解析）中考适用 实验中学 初中英语教研室 整理一、动名词1.动名词的构成动名词通常由“动词原形+-ing构成，动名词也有不规则变化形式。2.动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。同时又保留了动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语。(1)作主语。谓语动词一般用单数形式。Smoking is bad for our health.抽烟有害健康。(2)作宾语。常表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。I like playing badminton with my friends after

2、 school.放学后我喜欢和我的朋友们一起打羽毛球。注意常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有keep（保持），mind（介意），enjoy（享受），practise（练习），consider（思考），suggest（建议），finish（完成），miss（错过），avoid（避免），keep on（坚持），imagine（想象）等。After she finished writing the article，she went for a walk.她写完论文后出去散步了。I really enjoy listening to the song.我的确喜欢听这首歌。(3)作表语。多数情况下动名词作表

3、语可转换成作主语。Her hobby is reading novels=Reading novels is her hobby.她的业余爱好是看小说。(4)作定语。置于所修饰的词之前，表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。We should improve our teaching method.我们应该改善我们的教学方法。二、分词1.分词的分类及构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词通常由“动词原形+-ing构成，有主动、进行之意；过去分词通常由“动词原形+-ed构成，有被动、完成之意。注意现在分词和过去分词也有不规则变化形式。2.分词的句法功能(1)作定语。现在分词作定语时，其逻辑主语为

4、它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它修饰的词。Do you know the girl standing there？你认识站在那儿的那个女孩吗？Do you know a girl called Linda？你认识一个叫琳达的女孩吗？(2)作状语。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。The students went out of the classroom after class，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山上看这座城市更美丽。(3)作表语。现在分词表

5、示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示主语处于某种状态。The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。|The boy is too excited to say a word.男孩激动得说不出话来。(4)作宾语补足语。分词在感官动词及使役动词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补足语。I heard her singing in the room just now.我刚才听到她在房间里唱歌。Hell have his car repaired tomorrow.他明天将去修理他的车。3.现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)分词作表语时相当于一个形容词，现在分词作表语表示主动概念，

6、过去分词作表语则表示被动概念。Do you think the film is very interesting？你认为这部电影很有趣吗？They were very moved after they saw the film.他们看完电影很受感动。(2)单个分词作定语时应该放在名词前，也相当于一个形容词。这时现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作，而过去分词往往表示一个完成了的动作。China is a developing country and America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。(3)分词可以作宾语补足语，这时现在分词所表达的

7、动作和谓语动词同时发生，过去分词所指的动作和宾语存在被动关系。I heard them singing songs in the classroom.我听到他们正在教室里唱歌。I will have my TV set repaired tomorrow.明天我要找人修一下我的电视机。He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.他讲得慢为了使自己被理解注意(1)have sb.do sth.，have sb./sth. doing sth.与have sth.done用法辨析have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，表示一

8、次性的具体动作，且强调动作已完成或尚未发生；have sb./sth. doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事，have可以用keep代替，现在分词表示动作的延续和进行；have sth. done意为“使某事被做”，表示动作由他人完成，含被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The boss has them work for 13 hours a day.老板要他们一天工作13个小时。Youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把车开慢点。We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。(2)动词接不

9、定式及动名词用法辨析有些动词后边既跟doing也跟to do，但意义不同。stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘记做过某事（事情已做）forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（事情没做）remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.记得做过某事（事情已做）remember to do sth.记着去做某事（事情没做）try doing/try to

10、dotry doing sth.尝试着去做某事try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth.允许做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔（已做）regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）m

11、ean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事need doing/need to doneed doing=need to be done需要被做need to do需要去做1. Some people enjoy _ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.A.to send B. sendC. sending D. sent2. Mr. Black，you are becoming healthier and healthier. P

12、lease keep on _.A. ran B.to runC. runs D. running3. Amazing China（厉害了，我的国）wins high praise from the public. I think the documentary is well worth_.A. watch B. to watchC. watching D. watched4. We all look forward to _ you again soon.A. see B. seeing C. seen5. The traffic is terribly busy in the morni

13、ng. Youd better avoid _in the center of the city.A. drive B. drivingC. to drive D. driver6. -Tom，have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities _ by Charles Dickens？-Yes. I finished reading it last winter vacation.A. wrote B.to writeC. writing D. written7. Diana used to _ to work，but now she is us

14、ed to _ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.A. drive；walking B. drive；walkC. driving；walk D. driving；walking8. My favorite TV program is The Readers. I think we should spend as much time as we can _ in our spare time.A. read B. to read C. reading9. Sometimes you have to stop _ too

15、much and just go where your heart takes you.A. think B.to think C. thinking10. I hope everyone can care about the _ environment and stop _ things.A. protecting；wasting B. protecting；to wasteC. protect；wasting D. protect；to waste11. why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A.to join；to speak B

16、. join；speakingC. join；to speak D. to join；speaking12. When you are tired，_in the countryside is a wonderful experience.A. relaxing B. relaxedC. relax D. relaxes13. -Its too hot. Would you mind my _ the window？-Do it as you like，please.A.to open；OK B. opening；Certainly notC. opening; Of course D. op

17、en；Good idea14. -Driving less，walking more is good for our health.-So Id rather _ an hours walk to work than consider_ a car.A. take; drive B. take; to driveC. take; driving D. taking; driving1.C 解析：句意：一些人喜欢在海上旅行的时候用漂流瓶发出信息。固定短语enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事。2.D 解析：句意：布莱克先生，你正变得越来越健康。请坚持跑步。keep on doing s

18、th.意为“坚持做某事，故答案为running.3.C 解析：句意：厉害了，我的国赢得了公众很高的评价，我认为这部纪录片很值得一看。表示“某事值得做”用be worth doing sth.4.B 解析：句意：我们都期待很快能再见到你。look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事，to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。5.B 解析：句意：早上交通非常繁忙，你最好避免在市中心开车。avoid doing sth.避免做某事，是固定用法。6.D解析：句意：-汤姆，你读过由查尔斯.狄更斯写的双城记这本书吗？-读过，我上个寒假读完的。过去分词短语作后置定语。7.A 解析：句意：黛安娜过去

19、常开车上班，但现在她习惯步行了，因为道路很拥挤，她也想保持身体健康。used to后跟动词原形，表示“过去经常做某事be used to后跟动名词形式，表示“习惯于做某事”8.C解析：句意：我最喜欢的电视节目是朗读者，我想我们应尽可能多地多花些业余时间来看书。spend time（in）doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故选C项。9.C 解析：句意：有时候你不要想太多，一切随心就好。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事，而stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。故选C项。10.A 解析：句意：我希望每个人都能注意保护环境并且停止浪费东西。care about中

20、about是介词，后面接动名词作宾语，stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事，stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事。11.B 解析：句意：为什么不加入一个英语俱乐部来练习讲英语呢？why not后跟动词原形 practice后跟doing。故选B项。12.A 解析：句意：当你累的时候，在乡村放松一下是一个很好的体验。分析句子结构可知，位于句首用作主语，要用动名词形式。故选A项。13.B 解析：句意：-天太热了，你介意我打开窗户吗？-当然不介意，你喜欢怎样就做吧。mind后边跟doing或ones doing，根据答语可知表示表示不介意。故选B项。14.C 解析：考查动词及动词短语的用法。would rather do sth.意为“宁愿做某事，后面接动词原形；consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”，后面接动名词。故选C项。学科网（北京）股份有限公司