研究生英语系列教程多维教程探索课后答案.pdf

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1、Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1.D2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keepingtheir mother tongue pure.3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to theextreme, because he says that the mind boggles at what the

2、world might face. That means theFrench are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in thefuture.4.B5.It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard topronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Am

3、ericans viewpoint.6.C7.The Kings English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is usedin foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here lingo mocks the formality of English that nolonger exists in these foreign Usages8.Foreign varieties of English are very different

4、from the original standard British English,sometimes they are barely recognizable.9.B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the Englishlanguage.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die

5、 by hanging yourself3. revolutionary ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for womens diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move i

6、t/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12 14 oclock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids

7、unfairly (with possiblesexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the sam

8、e room/implies that men and women mustmarry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1-b2-d3-f4j5I6-hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional8. confronte9. courtesy10. spared11. stroke12. ambitious13. purified14. highlights15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive

9、B. senseC. sensitivity2. A. compulsoryB. compulsionC. compulsory3. A. LeaseB. leaseC. leasing4. A. deviateB. deviantlyC. deviation5. A. prevalenceB. prevalentC. prevalent6. A. deficientB. deficiency7. A. extractsB. extractingC. extracted8. A, confrontedB. confrontationC. confronted9. A, spareB. spar

10、eC. spare10. A. strokeB. strokingC. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up8. C. has been9. B. or10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9.

11、 dreams10. aloud11. ourselves12. so13. distinguishes14. humanity15. makes16. expressed17. source18. newborn19. act20. traditionSpeaking(Open)103fTranslation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。 遇到这种情况时， 他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口： (1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之)，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易

12、用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语)。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语)，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的， 因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。B1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most impo

13、rtantfactors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English filmsin the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come upwith it by putting up more discount notices.4.

14、When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in societhey willgradually be by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital butby managementdeficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7.

15、 It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have tolearn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would helpme.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situati

16、on of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for thesake of their culture.Reading PracticeUnit TwoAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. iPeople have different opinions about lies but they dont differ much in defining what truthis.iiLying is usually regarded as evil but

17、in reality many people lie. This is worthy of ourattention.2. iLies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not a lie.iiAlmost everyone lies.3. iAll lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided.iiMany lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.4.

18、Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac-ceptable vary notonly with individuals but aJso with different cultures.5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience ofrealizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honest

19、y as one does. This isbecause the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third partyand to benefit the liar3) those that dont tell the whole truth (Some information may be leftunsaid.)4) those that are told with no

20、intention of being kept5) those that are told to deceive oneself7. (Open)8. B9. Because it prevents one from realizing ones shortcomings and improving oneself.10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (. Peoplein some cultures feel it is more important n

21、ot to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hardto change these culturally based beliefs.B1. People cannot make sound judgement about .because we have not told them the truth. Weshould try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible,and without trust,

22、 cooperation cannot exist.2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find thatthey often dont, (This is what ones moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizati&n may makeyou take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. It refers to the realiz

23、ation andthem refers to moral beliefs. Because they dont appear to be true.3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For e103fxample, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, whichfalls into the category oflittle white lie. Here, the author is

24、 critical of the government becausehe thinks one personslittle white lieis another persons dirty lie4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income tax reports, which isconsidered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the governmentalready takes

25、 too much of their earnigns.5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of otheradvertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, butothers are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver.6. We have

26、to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand anddeceiving/trickingourselves on the other. If we are not, we cant recognize the need for change, make the necessarychanges, and achieve success.7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examineourse

27、lves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic.8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of trutheven if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other peoples feelings are moreimportant.Vocabulary and StructureA1. C2. D3. B4. A5. C6.

28、C7. D8. D9. D10. BB1. going through2. goes with3. in response to4. grew up5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to7. hold . together8. watching for9. in comparison10. draw a line betweenC1. A. what is2. A. than have3. D. it4. D. ignored5. C. go6. D. would he be7. C.

29、 objected to8. C. though9. D. to say something10. C. to his feetD1. to2. than3. expressing4. always5. relief6. But7. persuaded8. cracked9. accident10. in turn11. recalJ12. the13. times14. exchanged15. uncovered16. solution17. nor18. others19. mind20. leaveSpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA那些常常说谎

30、又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。 他们会对任何事情说谎。 他们似乎无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究说明， 他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭； 也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里， 真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。 但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。 没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。 他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。*通常，北美国家的父母告诫他们的孩子说谎是坏事，他们不应该说谎。如果

31、说谎，他们应该感到内疚。在欧美文化中，对一个说谎孩子的传统惩罚是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。 然而通过他们自己的行为，父母也会告诉孩子，在某些情况下，大多数人确实也会说谎。因此孩子在这种双重教育下长大他们偶尔也会说谎， 但是他们会感到内疚， 并且不想让别人知道他们已说了谎。B1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether itshould be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparis

32、on with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and abad lie varies fromindividual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t-re faults oftheir children.5. The country needs a leader who w

33、ill hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasnt my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign c

34、ountries, a person who in103ftentionally leaves his job canfind it easy to step aside for a while, supported byunemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.Reading Practice2. D3.A4. C5. DUnit ThreeAnswer KeyComprehensionA1.E2. The numbers

35、means the relatively small number of people competing for a given job. Theauthor thinks that due to the lower birth rate, there are less workers aVailabLe in the job marketand therefore more jobopportunities are available to young people today.3. They have a gloomy view of the present world.1) They

36、have been exposed to murder and other types of violence andsome othernegative events on TV.2) Many have been brought up in single-parent families and the emotional upheaval andconflict have had a negative effect on their value and self-worth.3) Many feel their chances of finding the job and salary t

37、hey want are bleak4. They will spend more time with their kids and care about them more.5. No. Because they want to save their money so that they can live betterwhen they do leave.6. The parents attitude:loyalty and commitment to the workplaceslave away and show their dedication to the companyThe yo

38、uths attitude:They dont want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitmentfrom the top.There is life after work.They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.7. Generation Xers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch andpension upon

39、 retirement. Their parents dedication to the company has been repaid withdownsizing and layoffs. They feel there is no such thing as job security. They dont want tocommit themselves to their work when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There ismore to life than work.8. They will have bet

40、ter family values, get things done quickly, shorten theworkweek, andcreate systems that will allow intrapreneurs.9. No. Because technology will enable people to be more productive. Inaddition, Xers dislikeof bureaucracy and a desire to solve problems willquickly improve productivity.10. He intends t

41、o tell us about Xers potential entrepreneurship.11. D. Because Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways from previous generationsand may have dramatically different ways to improve society.B1. negative view of the worldless loyalty and commitmentkeep options openstay at home longereag

42、er to get noticedunrealistic and materialistic viewsgett/ng things done fastbetter family valuesshorter work weekgreater entrepreneurship2. Becoming successful socially and financially or moving into the upper social echelon.3. It is implied that their thirty years dedication to their company was no

43、tacknowledged andcherished. In fact, they were dismissed without anything.4. Because they were neglected in their families and classrooms.5. Because they would like their world to be filled with good-looking people,dressed in thelatest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and who dont have to

44、work too hard. Theydesire instant gratification and expect a whole lot for nothing.6. McJobs are poorly-paid entry level jobs which have no power. They are not the kind of iobsXers would want.7. Be able to solve the problem themselves without dealing with bureaucracy.8. Because many of them have an

45、independent, individualistic nature and Like to be left alone tosolve problems.9. It means fostering innovation and being creative.10. If we listen to what Generation Xers will say, we may understand thern better, and also findthey have some very beneficial things to offer.Vocabulary and StructureA2

46、. C3.A4. D5. B6. D7. A8.A9.D10. AB1. was referred to as2. take on3. waiting around4. piled up5. jump ship6. teamed up with7. look upon8. on their own9. cleaned out10. slaving awayC1. A. what103f2. C. paying for3. D. one4. A. By5. C. seeks6. C. impaired7. B. it is8. C. hardly anything9. A. There is10

47、. D. itsD1. grew2. plant3. see4. inherit5. debt6. Among7. likely8. die9. increased10. goneI I. top12. expected13. in14. face15. onlySpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA这些青年人正在确定个人与其周围社会关系的新模式。 不受上司与长辈影 0 向的情况反而使他们更坚定地自行其事。 他们对经历了时间考验的传统也不在乎。 例如，当今的青年夫妇拒绝向更注重外表的社会生活习俗让步。 在我们那一代， 年轻的新娘们如果不是家住名区，如果他们

48、家的餐具不够高雅， 她们则会咆尝其苦。 那时青年人对于有影响的社会关系、 部队中的官职、 有名的俱乐部成员身份都十分敏感。 然而这一代人却坚持希望别人评价他们自身的价值。 我常常听说他们小心翼翼地隐藏起出身名门的事实。 他们坚持作为一个独立的人被社会接受，这产生一种空前的坦诚。一位女大学生对我说： “你知道我一直都不够老实，我正在试图改正” 。一位退伍土兵在一个男女混合的场合，当着目瞪口呆的双亲面对大家说他在战后的六个月里一直是一个“精神变态者” 。这些言词说明自由的坚固性一种属于自己而不属于虚伪的社会习俗的自由。B1. Unlike the young people today, we ha

49、d to take on family responsibilities and help our parentswith housework when we were teenagers.2. Generation Xers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic,slavetothe-jobmentality of their parents and bosses.3. Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs ontheir own

50、 andcomprehend them quickly.4. They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did notknow what to do with their new liberties.5. The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common alove for the sameclothing styles, music and entertainment.6. Generat