高考英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

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1、解题技巧解题技巧阅读理解阅读理解阅读理解阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多多分析题型，多了解考点分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型

2、事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型主旨大意题主旨大意题干扰项干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项干扰项 可能是从文中某些可能是从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案) : 据文章全面理解据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。统、言过其实或以

3、偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ise the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Tr

4、aining-主旨大意题主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted.

5、 Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）不能满足的）society.练习题练习题细节题细节题解释Question: Which of the following statements

6、best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章

7、解释【解析】答案为C C。take sth. away take sth. away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进

8、行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。事实细节题事实细节题干扰项干扰项 范围过大、过小范围过大、过小 。干扰项干扰项 偷换概念偷换概念。干扰项干扰项 正误并存，某个分句是正确的正误并存，某个分句是正确的。解题方法解题方法 : 原文定位法原文定位法。1. 查读法：带着问题

9、寻找答案，把注意力集中查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节问题有关的细节上。上。2. 细心！细心！1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）Accord

10、ing to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-事实细节型事实细节型 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requ

11、ires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of c

12、alories that an office worker does.解释文章 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the

13、 food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise th

14、e temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100

15、Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000练习题解释第三节【解析】答案为 D D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, g

16、ive and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在

17、特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。4. 4. 特别注意熟词新意！特别注意熟词新意！做题要领做题要领阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-词义猜测型词义猜测型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rura

18、l, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的应得的，值得的). 解 释第四节解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中中 的大多数妇女，受的大多数妇女，受过教育的过教育的 （edu

19、catededucated）和没有受和没有受过教育的过教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在农村的和住在农村的（ruralrural），），年轻的（年轻的（youngyoung）和年和年长的（长的（oldold）正好是一对对反义词。正好是一对对反义词。因此选因此选 C C 项。项。本题答案选本题答案选C C 推理判断题：推理判断题：高考重头戏，高考重头戏，2020个题中常有个题中常有6-86-8个，着重考查学生个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的

20、为前提，据作者的观点理论观点理论（非考生观点）（非考生观点），客观地对文，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。度等。推理判断题推理判断题（做题要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章文字信息推测文章隐含意思隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从确的推理判断，力

21、求从作者作者的角度的角度去考虑，不要固守自去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。己的看法或观点。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3.Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?vWhat is the tone (语气语气) of the author ?vWhat is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?vThe

22、passage is intended to _.vWhere would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-推理判断型推理判断型 Passage4 The concept (n. 观念观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人个人 ) m

23、ade sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us

24、 to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 练习题解释解释P5Q: The concept of personal choi

25、ce about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解析：解析：据前两句可以得知，据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因

26、此答案选况变坏，因此答案选 D D 。选出的答案一定要在原文选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。推测。文章文章 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为认为). As an exa- mple

27、 of the latter (adj. 近来的近来的 ) point ( n.观点观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准不及格分数或标准 ).练习题解释总结总结Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universit

28、ies are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A.rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给给不及格不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的全面的 ) academic (adj.学

29、学校的校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使使失去信心失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.预期之事物预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急紧急 ).文章 解析解析: : 问题是文中问题是文中 Eisenberger Eisenberger 举的一举的一个例子个例子, ,通过例证题目的考点分析通过例证题目的考点分析, , 我们知我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话道一般例子前后总结性的话( (论点论点) )是解决是解决问题的关键问题的关键, ,这样我们就可以判

30、断出该例要这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题说明的问题( (答案答案: :A A) ) The topic sentence:The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students. .译译: : 假设老师总让学生关注奖励假设老师总让学生关注奖励, ,或对表现或对表现一般的学生也给高分一般的学生也给高分, ,那么学生们最终都会那么学生们最终都会不求进取不求进取, ,没有灵感及想象力。没有灵感及想象力。文章 我们发现命题者越来越我们发现命题者越来越注重考查注重考查学生把握全文及中心思

31、想的能力学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力及事实细节题及推理判断能力及事实细节题，因此阅读理解题目因此阅读理解题目更为重要更为重要的是的是: :主旨大意型主旨大意型事实细节型事实细节型推理判断型推理判断型summarysummary * Pay attention to the usage of the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs. * Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Conclusion:Your Advice is welcomeYour Advice is welcomeSuccesss ahead!