常用临床医学术语4.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流常用临床医学术语4【精品文档】第 16 页patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)动脉导管未闭auricular (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD) 房（室）间隔缺损endocardial cushion defect 心内膜垫缺损coarctation of aorta 主动脉缩窄rheumatic heart disease风湿性心脏病pulmonary (mitral, aortic, tricuspid) stenosis (regurgitation)肺动脉（二尖， 主动脉，三尖）瓣狭窄

2、（关闭不全）dilated (hypertrophic) cardiomyopathy扩张（肥厚）型心肌病stenosis of right ventricular outflow tract右室流出道狭窄coronary fistula冠脉瘘transposition of great artery 大动脉转位double outlet of right ventricle 右室双出口Ebsteins anomaly爱勃斯坦畸形Eisenmengers (Budd-Chiaris, Lutembachers) syndrome爱森曼格（布-加， 鲁登巴哈）氏综合征trilogy (tetra

3、logy) of Fallot 法乐氏三（四）联症coronary artery disease (CAD)冠心病carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌esophagocele食道疝esohageal diverticulum食管憩室thymoma 胸腺瘤tumor of mediastinum纵隔肿瘤diaphragmatic hernia膈疝(13)骨科和创伤外伤疾病diseases of orthopedics and traumacomplete (incomplete, closed, open, habitual, pathologic) dislocation完全性

4、 （不完全性，闭合，开放，习惯性，病理性）脱位dislocation of elbow (hip) joint 肘（髋）关节脱位dislocation of shoulder肩关节脱位closed (open, compression, epiphysial, stress, impacted, multiple, pathological)fracture闭合性（开放性，压缩性，骨骺，疲劳，嵌入性， 多发性，病理性）骨折fracture of humeral shaft (head)肱骨干（头）骨折fracture of scapula肩胛骨骨折clavicular fracture 锁骨骨

5、折Smith fracture 史密斯骨折fracture of the femoral neck (shaft) 股骨颈（干）骨折fracture of patella 髌骨骨折fracture of sacrum (coccyx,pubis)骶骨（尾骨，耻骨）骨折acute (chronic, pyogenic) osteomyelitis急（慢，化脓）性骨髓炎bone tuberculosis 骨结核rheumatoid (traumatic) arthritis 类风湿（外伤性）性关节炎gout痛风osteomalacia骨质软化病rickets佝偻病genu varum (valgu

6、m)膝内（外）翻wry neck (torticollis)斜颈spina bifida manifesta(occulta)显（隐）性脊柱裂syndactylia (polydactylia) 并（多）指（趾）flat foot 平足scoliosis脊柱侧凸aseptic necrosis无菌性坏死scapulohumeral periarthritis肩周炎rupture of tendon肌腱断裂neurological (skin, soft tissue, vascular) injury神经（皮肤，软组织，血管） 损伤ischemic contracture缺血性肌挛缩tenni

7、s players elbow网球运动员肘synovitis (bursitis)滑膜（滑囊）炎ligamentous sprain (strain, avulsion tear)韧带扭伤（劳损，撕脱伤，撕裂 伤）seperation of the symphysis pubis 耻骨联合分离fragility of bone脆骨病osteoma (chondroma)骨（软骨）瘤osteochondroma (osteoid osteoma)骨软骨瘤（骨样骨瘤）bone cyst骨囊肿osteoblastoma (osteoclastoma)成（破）骨细胞瘤chondroblastoma成软

8、骨细胞瘤giant-cell tumor of bone骨巨细胞瘤osteosarcoma (chondrosarcoma)（软）骨肉瘤fibrosarcoma of bone骨纤维肉瘤hemangioma血管瘤multiple myeloma(MM)多发性骨髓瘤metastatic tumor of bone转移性骨肿瘤congenital deformity先天性畸形Marfans syndrome 马凡氏综合征obstetic (cerebral) palsy产伤性（大脑性）瘫osteoporosis骨质疏松ankylosing spondylitis强直性脊柱炎cervical spo

9、ndylosis颈椎病chondrophyte 软骨疣disc degeneration 椎间盘退行性病变degenerative joint disease退行性关节病变frozen shoulder冻肩ganglion腱鞘囊肿osteoarthrosis骨关节病sciatica坐骨神经痛carpal tunnel syndrome腕管综合征tenosynovitis腱鞘炎trigger finger板机指acromegaly肢端肥大症Kaschin-Back disease大骨节病hemarthrosis关节积血cold(paravertebral, psoas, soft tissue,

10、 sub-periosteal)abscess冷（椎旁，腰大 肌，软组织，骨膜下）脓肿contusion (sprain, abrasion, concussion, avulsion, laceration)挫（扭，擦， 震荡，撕脱，裂）伤crush (cold) injury 挤压（冻）伤punctured (penetrating, perforating, incised) wound 刺（穿入，贯通，割） 伤rabies狂犬病tetanus 破伤风snake bite蛇咬伤first (second, third) degree burn一(二，三)度烧伤electric (chem

11、ical) burn电（化学）烧伤fracture of skull颅骨骨折cerebral concussion (contusion)脑震荡（挫伤）open(closed) trauma开放（闭合）性外伤intestinal trauma (injury)肠外伤liver (pancreas) injury肝（胰腺）外伤rupture of spleen(kidney)脾（肾）破裂(14)脑外科疾病diseases of brain surgerybrain abscess脑脓肿extradural (subdural) abscess (tumor)硬膜外（下）脓肿（肿瘤）acousti

12、c neuroma听神经瘤meningocele (meningoencephalocele)脑膜膨出spinal meningocele脊膜膨出hydrocephalus脑积水ylioma (neurofibroma)神经胶质（神经纤维）瘤meningioma脑膜瘤pituitary adenoma垂体腺瘤craniopharyngioma颅咽管瘤cysticercosis (paragonimiasis, schistosomiasis) of brain脑囊虫（肺吸虫，血 吸虫）病cerebral bleeding (embolism) 脑出血（栓塞）cerebral hemorrhag

13、e (infarction)脑出血（梗死）cerebral trauma脑外伤cerebral aneurysm脑动脉瘤cerebrovascular malformation脑血管畸形arteriovenous malformation of brain脑动静脉畸形intracerebral hematoma脑内血肿hemorrhage of internal capsule内囊出血hemorrhage of brain stem脑干出血cerebromalacia脑软化cerebral edema脑水肿cerebrovascular accident脑血管意外metastatic ence

14、phaloma转移性脑瘤epilepsy癫痫Parkisons disease帕金森氏病intracranial hypertension颅内压升高basicranial fracture 颅底骨折intracranial space-occupying lesion颅内占位性病变ependymal cyst (ependymoma)室管膜囊肿（瘤）cerebral atrophy脑萎缩encephalocele脑疝(15)泌尿外科疾病urological diseasespolycystic kidney多囊肾phimosis (redundant prepuce)包茎（包皮过长）hypos

15、padias (epispadias)尿道下（上）裂cryptorchidism隐睾ectopia (torsion) of testis睾丸异位（扭转）extrophy of bladder 膀胱外翻hydrocalyx 肾盏积水hydronephrosis肾积水stricture of ureter输尿管狭窄obstruction of urethra尿道梗阻renal (ureteral) injury肾（输尿管）损伤injury of bladder (urethra, penis, scrotum)膀胱（尿道，阴茎，阴囊）损伤condyloma acuminate 尖锐湿疣balan

16、itis (balanoposthitis)阴茎头（包皮）炎cavernositis of the penis阴茎海绵体炎chancroid软下疳cystitis膀胱炎soft (hard) chancre软（硬）下疳hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大eczema of the scrotum (external genitalia)阴囊（外生殖器）湿疹acute (chronic) pyelonephritis 急（慢）性肾盂肾炎pyelitis肾盂炎pyonephritis肾积脓trichomonal prostatitis滴虫性前列腺炎perinephritis

17、肾周围炎abscess of the kidney (perinephric)肾（周脓肿）acute (chronic) cystitis急（慢）性膀胱炎gonorrheal prostatitis(seminal vesiculitis, epididymitis, urethritis)淋球菌性前 列腺炎（精囊炎，附睾炎，尿道炎）gonorrhea淋病bacterial urethritis细菌性尿道炎tuberculosis of kidney (prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis)肾（前列腺， 精囊，附睾）结核contracted bladder

18、挛缩性膀胱renal (ureteral, vesicle) calculus肾（输尿管，膀胱）结石carcinoma (embryoma) of kidney肾癌（胚胎瘤）papilloma (papillary carcinoma) of renal pilvis(ureter, penis, bladder)肾盂（输 尿管，阴茎，膀胱）乳头状瘤（癌）infiltrative carcinoma of bladder膀胱浸润性癌caruncle of urethra尿道肉阜teratoma (seminoma) of testis睾丸畸胎瘤（精原细胞癌）carcinoma (sarcoma

19、) of prostate 前列腺癌（肉瘤）nephroptosis肾下垂hydrocele of the spermatic cord (testis)精索（睾丸）鞘膜积液varicolele of spermatic cord精索静脉曲张elephantiasis of scrotum (penis)阴囊（阴茎）橡皮肿intrascrotal filariasis阴囊内丝虫病chyluria (bacteriuria)乳糜（细菌）尿Cushing syndrome 柯兴综合征primary (secondary) aldosteronism 原（继）发性醛固酮增多症virilism女性男性

20、化adrenal pheochromocytoma肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤adenocarcinoma of bladder (prostate)膀胱（前列腺）腺癌clear (granular) cell carcinoma of kidney 肾透明（颗粒）细胞癌leiomyosarcoma of the bladder膀胱平滑肌肉瘤polyp of the ureter输尿管息肉urethrorectal (urethrovaginal, vesicorectal, visicovaginal) fistula尿道直肠（尿 道阴道，膀胱直肠，膀胱阴道）瘘hematoma of the scrot

21、um阴囊血肿rupture of the bladder (renal pedicle)膀胱（肾蒂）破裂acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)爱滋病（获得性免疫缺陷综 合征）thrombosis of the renal artery肾动脉血栓形成renal artery stenosis肾动脉狭窄acute tubular necrosis急性肾小管坏死amyloidosis of the kidney肾淀粉样变neurogenic bladder神经性膀胱male(female) infertility男（女）性不育症azoospermia (as

22、permia)无精症necrospermia死精症asthenospermia (aspermatogenesis) 精子活力（生成）不足impotencec(y)阴萎asexuality无性欲hyposexuality (hypersexuality)性欲低下（旺盛）nocturnal emission遗精ejaculatio praecox早泄male sterility (contraception)男性绝（节）育apareunia (dyspareunia)性交不能（困难）penile chordee阴茎痛性勃起sexual experience (hygiene, impulse,

23、development, behavior, life, intercourse, precocity, stimulate, satisfaction)性经历（卫生，冲动，发育，行为，生活， 性交，早熟，刺激，满足）rectal (oral) intercourse肛（口）交sodomy 鸡奸masturbation手淫rape强奸aidoiomania (furor genitalis)色情狂homosexuality同性恋necromania (bestiality)尸（兽）奸sadism施虐狂sexual abuse性虐待incest乱伦voyeurism窥淫癖pedophilia恋儿

24、癖fetishism恋物癖transsexualism变性癖(16)妇产科疾病diseases of obstetrics and gynecology(1)妇科疾病obstetrics diseasesvulvitis外阴炎chronic vulvar dystrophy慢性外阴营养不良pruritus (leucoderma, albinism) vulvae外阴瘙痒（白斑，白化病）Bartholins gland cyst (abscess)前庭大腺囊肿（脓肿）trichomonas (monilial, senile) vaginitis (colpitis)滴虫（念珠菌，老年）性 阴

25、道炎cervical erosion (hypertrophy, polyp, cyst)宫颈糜烂（肥大，息肉，囊肿）cervicitis宫颈炎salpingitis (ovaritis) 输卵管（卵巢）炎pelvic parametritis 盆腔结缔组织炎tuberculosis of the ovary (endometrium, pelvic peritoneum, uterine tube)卵巢 （子宫内膜，盒腔腹膜，输卵管）结核gonorrhea淋病papilloma(fibroma, lipoma) of vulva外阴乳头状瘤（纤维瘤，脂肪瘤）squamocellular (b

26、asal cell) carcinoma of vulva外阴鳞状上皮（基底）细胞 癌malignant melanoma恶性黑色素瘤Paget disease派杰病Bowens disease表皮内癌cervical carcinoma宫颈癌leiomyoma of uterus子宫平滑肌瘤submucous (subserous, intramural)myoma粘膜下（浆膜下，肌壁间）子宫 肌瘤multiple myomata of uterus多发性子宫肌瘤leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤carcinoma of endometrium子宫内膜癌follicle cyst (te

27、ratoma, cystadenoma, corpus luteum) of ovarium卵巢卵泡囊 肿（畸胎瘤，囊腺瘤，黄体囊肿）carcinoma of the fallopian tube输卵管癌heterotopia endometriosis子宫内膜异位症polycystic ovary多囊卵巢amenorrhea (menopause, dysmenorrhea)闭（停，痛）经dysfunctional menstrual disorder功能失调月经紊乱pyemenstrual tension syndrome 经前期紧张综合征menopausal (climacteric)

28、syndrome更年期综合征cystocele (rectocele)膀胱（直肠）膨出prolapse of uterus子宫脱垂imperforate hymen处女膜闭锁congenital absence of vagine (uterus)先天性无阴道（子宫）double vagina双阴道atresia (stenosis) of vagine阴道闭锁（狭窄）transverse (longitudinal) vaginal septum阴道横（纵）隔uterine hypoplasia (infantile uterus)子宫发育不良（幼稚子宫）double uterus (did

29、elphia) 双子宫uterus bicornis (unicornis)双（单）角子宫primordial (solidary) uterus始基（实性）子宫uterus duplex (septus)重复纵隔子宫ovarian hypoplasia 卵巢发育不良true (pseudo) hermaphroditism真（假）两性畸形infertility不孕症ambivalent两性人rectovaginal (urethrovaginal, vesicocervical, vesicovaginal,ureterovaginal) fistula 直肠阴道（尿道阴道，膀胱宫颈，膀胱阴

30、道，输尿管阴道）瘘hemorrhagia contactu接触性出血herpes zoster带状疱疹(2)产科疾病gynecological diseasesthreatened (habitual, inevitable) abortion先兆（习惯，难免）流产complete (incomplete, missed) abortion 完全（不全，过期）流产induced (artificial) abortion 人工流产spontaneous abortion自然流产criminal abortion堕胎premature birth早产extrauterine pregnancy

31、宫外孕tubal (abdominal, cervical, ovarian, interstitial) pregnancy输卵管（腹腔，宫 颈，卵巢，间质部）妊娠hyperemesis gravidarum (morning sickness)妊娠剧吐（晨吐）edema-proteinuria hypertension (pregnancy-hypertension) syndrome妊高征preeclampsia (eclampsia)（先兆）子痫complete (partial, low lying) placenta previa 完全（部分，低置）性前置胎 盘maginal (l

32、atae) placenta previa边缘性前置胎盘placenta abruption (ablatio placenta)胎盘早剥multiple pregnancy多胎妊娠monozygotic (dizygotic) twins单（双）卵双胎poly-(oligo-) hydramnios 羊水过多（少）prolonged (delayed) pregnancy过期妊娠fetal death (stillbirth) 死胎stillborn (postmature delivery)死产high risk pregnancy高危妊娠uterine inertia (over-eff

33、iciency)宫缩乏力（过强）generally contracted (flat, funnel, deformed) pelvis均小（扁平，漏斗，畸 形）骨盆transversely (flat) contracted pelvis横径（扁平）狭窄骨盆cervical (vulvar) edema宫颈（外阴）水肿breech (shoulder, face) presentation臂（肩，面）先露transverse lie横产fetal macrosomia巨大胎儿monster畸胎hydrocephalus (anencephalus)脑积水（无脑儿）conjoined twin

34、s联体双胎fetal distress胎儿窘迫rupture of uterus子宫破裂postpartum hemorrhage due to (caused by) uterine inertia产后宫缩乏力性出 血retained (adherent) placenta胎盘滞留（粘连）placenta incarcerata(infarction)胎盘嵌顿（梗塞）injuries of the soft birth canal软产道损伤cervical (colpoperineal) laceration宫颈（会阴阴道）裂伤premature rupture of membrane胎膜早

35、破prolapse of the umbilical cord脐带脱垂umbilical cord round the neck脐带绕颈too long (short) umbilical cord脐带过长（短）knots (torsion) of umbilical cord脐带打结（扭转）amniotic fluid embolism羊水栓塞puerperal infection (heatstrok)产褥感染（中暑）(malignant) hydatidiform mole (恶性)葡萄胎choriocarcinoma 绒毛膜癌antepartum fetal distress 产前胎儿

36、窘迫asphyxia neonatorum 新生儿窒息intracranial hemorrhage颅内出血cephalohematoma头颅血肿painless childbirth无痛分娩Rh blood gronp incompatibility Rh血型不合subinvolation of uterus子宫复旧不全induced delivery引产galactostasis乳汁积滞agalactia无乳birth trauma产伤aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎fetus in fetus 胎内胎difficult (nature) delivery难（平）产ab

37、dominal (forceps) delivery剖腹产（产钳分娩）(17)儿科疾病pediatrics diseases intracranial hemorrhage (pneumonia, asphyxia, scleredema, septicemia, tetanus, hypocalcemia) of the newborn新生儿颅内出血（肺炎，窒息，硬 化症，败血症，破伤风，低血钙）atelectasis neonatorum新生儿肺不张neonatal jaundice新生儿黄疸hemolytic(physiologic) jaundice溶血（生理）性黄疸kernicter

38、us核黄疸hyaline membrane disease 肺透明膜病hemolysis neonatorum新生儿溶血necrotizing enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎omphalitis (omphalocele)脐炎（膨出）umbilical hernia脐疝cephalohematoma 头颅血肿congenital torticollis先天性斜颈malnutriton营养不良thrush (eczema)鹅口疮（湿疹）congenital atresia (stenosis) of esophagus (intestine)先天性食道（肠）闭锁 （狭窄）congen

39、ital megacolon先天性巨结肠infantile diarrhea婴儿腹泻acute necrotizing enteritis急性坏死性肠炎intussusception肠套叠Keshan disease克山病endocardial fibroelastosis心内膜弹力纤维增生症purulent meningitis化脓性脑膜炎epilepsy癫痫viral encephalitis病毒性脑炎cerebral palsy脑瘫progressive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌营养不良Kawasaki disease川崎病cretinism呆小病pituitary

40、 dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症down syndrome先天愚型von gierke disease肝糖原累积症varicella (chickenpox)水痘scarlet fever腥红热whooping-congh百日咳poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎mumps 流行性腮腺炎rubella (measles)风（麻）疹toxic bacillary dysentery 中毒性菌痢acute miliary tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核tuberculous meningitis结核性脑膜炎tuberculosis of tracheobronc

41、hial lymph node支气管淋巴结结核primary complex原发综合征ascariasis (enterobiasis, ancylostomiasis)蛔（蛲，钩）虫病enuresis遗尿症septicemia (toxemia, pyosepticemia)败（毒，脓毒）血症simple obesity单纯性肥胖immature (mature, pre-term, post-term, low weight) infant未成熟（成熟， 早产，过期产，低体重）儿intestinal obstruction肠梗阻meconium aspiration胎粪吸入skull fr

42、acture 头颅骨折infantile tetany婴儿手足搐搦症pigeon breast鸡胸rickets 佝偻病congenital heart disease (PDA,ASD,VSD)先天性心脏病（动脉导管未闭， 房缺，室缺）(18)眼科疾病eye diseaseshordeolum麦粒肿blepharadenitis (meibomianitis)睑板腺炎chalazion睑板腺囊肿blepharitis睑炎blepharoclonus (blepharochalasis)眼睑阵挛（松弛）entropion (ectropion)睑内（外）翻essential (facial, habitual) blepharospasm自发（面神经，习惯）性睑痉挛blepharoplegia睑麻痹epicanthus内眦赘皮trichiasis倒睫blepharosynechia睑粘连chemosis球结膜水肿ptosis (blepharoptosis)上睑下垂canaliculitis泪管炎dacryostenosis泪管狭窄acute (chronic) catarrhal conjunctivitis急（慢）性卡他性结膜炎