探讨高中英语词汇教学策略.doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流探讨高中英语词汇教学策略【精品文档】第 25 页中文摘要词汇在语言学习(特别是二语学习)和应用中的地位和重要性是毋庸置疑的,它是培养听、说、读、写、译五种基本技能的基础,如何采用科学有效的教学策略进行词汇教学显得尤为重要。高中英语课程标准(实验稿)对语言知识目标中的词汇部分提出了更高的要求。英语课堂教学中的词汇教学策略这一课题就呈现在每个英语教师面前,可以说这一问题的解决与否与课程改革的成功与否是休戚相关的。Laufer(1992:2乃于1990年提出,学习者的词汇学习主要通过两种途径,即直接词汇教学和附带学习。近年来,人们越来越关注学习者个人可操纵的因
2、素对学习的影响,不少西方学者主张加上独立发展策略这个途径。Oxford和Scarcella (1994)指出,教师应该教给学生明确的词汇策略,培养他们有意识地使用和优化词汇策略来扩大外语词汇量。Norbert Schmitt在语言教学中的词汇(2000)一书中介绍了词汇教学的若干策略,包括社会策略、决定策略等。我国学者王笃勤在英语教学策略论(2002)对词汇教学策略的内涵和外延进行了深入的理论探究,提出了系统的词汇教学策略观,介绍了“课堂组织”、“课堂评估”、“学习激励”及“策略培养”等宏观教学原则和微观实施措施。关于词汇教学,许多人研究如何教或如何学,两者互不相干,笔者旨在研究“如何教学生学
3、”,即把研究教和研究学结合起来,解决英语词汇学习策略与词汇教学策略在实践中如何协调一致的矛盾问题。在多年的高中英语教学实践中,笔者深深地感到传统的词汇教学缺乏理论性、系统性和实效性,需要大力改进。因此笔者结合教学实践,做了较为系统的调查研究,摸索出一套在新课程环境下切实可行的词汇教学策略。本文重点在于解决英语词汇学习策略与词汇教学策略在实践中如何协调一致的矛盾问题。侧重于教学策略,即“如何教学生学”。本文从高中英语词汇教学的现状出发,运用联想记忆、逆向、文体语用、文化及延伸策略,探讨了新课程环境下如何进行科学有效的词汇教学。联想策略首先包括横向联想和纵向联想。横向联想主要指提到某个词,教师要教
4、会学生进行相关联想,其中包括近义联想和反义联想;纵向联想是指以某个词为词根,然后把所有的同根词联系起来。联想策略还包括近形联想和近音联想、一音多义以及一词多义。逆向策略是根据钟道隆教授首创的英语学习逆向法改编的一种以听写为基础的词汇教学策略。文体语用策略指在教学中,加强学生的文体意识,使他们无论在口语表达方面还是在书面表达方面,都能根据不同的对象选用不同的词汇,确定不同的表达方式.文化策略是指在词汇教学中,教师不仅要教给学生一个词的字面意义,而且要教给他们该词在不同语言和不同文化背景下的丰富的文化内涵。笔者在教学中,非常重视培养学生的文化意识,引导学生关注中英文化差异,并着手研究词汇的文化内涵
5、,文化差异,将其运用在词汇教学中,形成词汇教学的文化策略。延伸策略是指把词汇学习从课内逐步引向课内外结合,并向课外延伸.具体措施有利用先进的多媒体网络教学设备进行词汇教学;组织学生观看英文电影、电视、录像;鼓励学生多参加英语角;加强英语报刊杂志等的阅读等。这样既可以提高学生学习的兴趣,又能让学生有更多的接触使用词汇的机会,扩大、巩固词汇量。本文列举了大量的词汇教学实例,希望对广大的中学英语教师在进行词汇教学时有所启迪。关键词:词汇 新课程标准 教学策略 学习策略AbstractVocabulary is undoubtedly important in English language stu
6、dy Its the basis for the development of the 5 skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translation. So it seems especially important for us to adopt a scientific teaching strategy in vocabulary teaching. The new criterion of English course in senior middle school makes great demands on voc
7、abulary in language studies. As a result, whether the problem of vocabulary can be solved or not is closely related to the success of the reform of English course.Laufer (1992:2 pointed out in 1990, language learners study vocabulary mainly in two ways: direct vocabulary study and additional study.
8、In recent years, an increasing number of people are paying more attention to the manageable factor of the learner himself on study. Many western scholars consider independent developing strategy an important part. Oxford and Scarcella think that the teacher should teach the students clear vocabulary
9、 skills to enlarge their vocabulary. Norbere (2000) introduces several strategies including social strategy, determination strategy etc. Chinese scholar Wang Duqin(2002) has made a profound theoretical study on the connotative and extensive meaning of vocabulary teaching. He puts up a systemic view
10、on vocabulary teaching strategy such as classroom organization, appraisal, study incentive and strategy development etc.Many people only focus on how to teach or how to learn vocabulary. Yet the writer aims to study how to teach the students to learn. That is a combination of teaching and learning,
11、in order to balance the learning and studying strategy of vocabulary in daily life. In the process of English teaching, the writer thinks much has to be improved in the traditional vocabulary teaching which lacks theory, systems and effectiveness. As a result, the writer adopts a systematic research
12、 and suggests a series of teaching strategies in line with the New Criteria of English Course.This thesis focuses on teaching strategy, how to teach the students to learn. It starts from the present state of the vocabulary teaching in senior middle school, adopts associative memorizing, reversive, s
13、tylistic and pragmatic strategies, cultural and extensive strategies, and attempts to find out how to teach vocabulary more scientifically and effectively in the new course environment. Associative strategy includes lateral and vertical association. The former means the teacher should teach the stud
14、ent to make associations when mentioning a certain word. Lateral association consists of synonym association and antonym association. Vertical association refers to the fact that all the words with the same root are connected. Associative strategy also includes association of words similar in form a
15、nd pronunciation, etc. Reversive Strategy is based on the reversive way of English study sponsored by Zhong Daolong which emphasizes listening and writing. Pragmatic strategy pays much attention to the cultivation of students stylistic awareness so that they can choose suitable word to refer to diff
16、erent items in different circumstances.Cultural strategy means the teacher should not only tell the students a words literal meaning, but also the words rich cultural connotations. The writer attaches great importance to the cultivation of students cultural awareness in order that they may realize t
17、he great difference between Chinese and English culture. During this process, she gradually forms her own cultural strategy in vocabulary teaching. Extensive strategy means a combination of in-class study with extra-curricular studies. It includes vocabulary teaching with the help of multi-media tec
18、hnology, organizing students to see English movies, TV, videos; encouraging them to take part in English corner; reading more English magazines and newspapers. In this way, the students can develop interest in English study and get access to more words and enlarge vocabulary.Meanwhile, the writer us
19、es a lot of vivid teaching examples to illustrate her viewpoints and hopes this thesis could be of some help for teachers to teach vocabulary teaching in senior middle schools.Key words: vocabulary new Criteria of English Course Teaching strategy目录致谢. i第一章 绪论1. 1词汇教学的重要性词汇在语言学习(特别是二语学习)和应用中的地位和重要性是毋
20、庸置疑的。著名学者Wilkins指出:在学习外语的过程中,“没有语法,表达甚微;没有词汇,表达为零。”词汇学专家McCarthy说得更干脆,一个学生学习第二语言,其语法无论学得多么好,语音无论掌握得多么漂亮,没有词汇来表达各种意义,语言交际就难以实现(张维友,2004: 1)。学习语言的人可以用短时间突击学会语法,而浩瀚的词汇却是用毕生精力也无法全部学会的。英国学者迈克尔万斯特(Michael West )早就论述过,“学习语言的主要任务是习得词汇量,并在运用当中逐步熟练掌握,0Harmer同样指出:“如果把语言结构比作语言的骨架,那么词汇为语言提供了重要的器官和血肉。”C Harmer, 1
21、991:153 ) e张维友在他的论著英语词汇学教程里也阐明了大学英语词汇教学(特别是词汇学)的重要意义:对词汇归纳分类,增强词语释义和辨析能力,加深语言教学的深度,提高教学效果。这一理念也可同样适用于高中英语教学。词汇学习是外语学习的一个重要组成部分。最近国内就高中生究竟应掌握多少个词汇有很多讨论。但有一点是肯定的,即大幅度提高学生的词汇量已达成共识。在高中英语课程标准(实验稿)中语言知识目标八级词汇要求是:1、运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等;2、在比较复杂的情况下,运用词汇给事物命名、进行指称、描述行为和特征,说明概念等;3、学会使用3300个左右的单词和400-500个习惯用
22、语或固定搭配。九级要求则更高:1、学会使用4500个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语或固定搭配;2、能根据交际话题、场合和人际关系等相关因素选择较为适当的词语进行交流或表达。 2003 : 16-17 )英语课堂教学中的词汇教学策略这一课题就呈现在每个英语教师面前,可以说这一问题的解决与否与课程改革的成功与否是休戚相关的。1. 2国内外词汇教学策略研究现状Laufer(Jin, 1992:27)于1990年提出,学习者的词汇学习主要通过两种途径,即直接词汇教学和附带学习。近年来,人们越来越关注学习者个人可操纵的因素对学习的影响,不少西方学者主张加上独立发展策略这个途径。Oxford和Scarce
23、lla (1994)指出,教师应该教给学生明确的词汇策略,培养他们有意识地使用和优化词汇策略来扩大外语词汇量。Norbert Schmitt在语言教学中的词汇(2000)一书中介绍了词汇教学的若干策略,包括社会策略、决定策略等。虽然在外语教学领域,对于词汇教学的研究起步较晚,但是随着外语学习人数的空前大增,而外语词汇学习又成了很大部分学习者继续深入学习的主要障碍这一实际情况的出现,现在越来越多的专家学者开始重视词汇教学策略的研究.我国学者王笃勤在英语教学策略论( 2002 )对词汇教学策略的内涵和外延进行了深入的理论探究,提出了系统的词汇教学策略观,介绍了“课堂组织”、“课堂评估”、“学习激励
24、”及“策略培养”等宏观教学原则和微观实施措施。1. 3研究目的和意义关于词汇教学,许多人研究如何教或如何学,两者互不相干,笔者旨在研究“如何教学生学”,即把研究教和研究学结合起来,解决英语词汇学习策略与词汇教学策略在实践中如何协调一致的矛盾问题。本文重点在于解决英语词汇学习策略与词汇教学策略在实践中如何协调一致的矛盾问题。侧重于教学策略,即“如何教学生学”。本文从高中英语词汇教学的现状出发,运用联想记忆、逆向、文体语用、文化及延伸策略,探讨了新课程环境下如何进行科学有效的词汇教学。本文列举了大量的词汇教学实例,希望对广大的中学英语教师在进行词汇教学时有所启迪。本文的第二章系统地阐述了有关词汇教
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