最新GPS毕业论文外文翻译--全球定位系统概述(英语原文+中文翻译).doc
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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateGPS毕业论文外文翻译-全球定位系统概述(英语原文+中文翻译)陀螺经纬仪定向方法探讨本科毕业设计(论文)中英文对照翻译院(系部) 专业名称 年级班级 学生姓名 指导老师 2010年06月11日-Summarizing The Global Positioning SystemAbstract: Global Positioning System is based on
2、 the background of the United States Department of Defense.It is designed,invested,developed,and operated by the United States Department of Defense ,GPS is a satellite-based positioning and time transfering GPS positioning function has a wide range of applications in the modern measurement and a mo
3、re modern building.GPS-RTK technology is also widely used in modernization building, and now GPS has also been shown to be an important civilian communities of interest, and increasingly wide range of applicated.Keyword:GPS,Locating,RTK,Lay out,Survey1. Background The 50s, the former U.S.S.R has not
4、 launched humanities first artificial earth satellite, the American scientists in along its track research in, had discovered the Doppler shift phenomenon, and has facilitated Doppler satellite navigation posi- tioning system completing using this principle, has obtained the enormous success in the
5、military and the civi aspect, was in a navigation localization history leap, our country once has also introduced many Doppler receiver, applied to the island association measured, the Earth explored and so on the applied to the island association measured, the Earth explored and so on the domain. B
6、ut because Doppler satellite orbit highly low, signal-carrier frequency low, the track precision enhances with difficulty, causes the pointing accuracy lowly, satisfies the geodetic survey or the project survey request, is more impossible to use in the astronomy Earth dynamics research. In order to
7、enhance the satellite positioning the precision,US started from 1973 to prepare for construction global positioning system GPS (Global Positioning System).After has entered the plan proof, the system test stage,started in 1989 to launch the official work satellite,and completely completed in 1994, i
8、nvestment use. The GPS system spaceartially is composed by twenty one satellites, evenly distributes in six orbit, the ground level is 20,000 Kilometers, the inclination of orbit is 55, the flat heart rate approximately is 0, the week contract is 12 hours, the satellite to the earth launching two wa
9、ve bands intelligence signals,the intelligence signal frequency respectively is 1575.442 mega cycles per second (the L2 wave band), on the satellite has installed the precision very high atomic clock, guarantees the frequency the stability, modulates in the carrier has the expression satellite posit
10、ion the broadcast star experience, use in the range finder C/A code and P yard, as well ad other system information, can in the global scope, to willfully multi-user provide the high accuracy, all-weather, is continual, real-time three dimensional measures fast, the three dimensional localization an
11、d the time service. The GPS system control section by is located in the American foundations of the states 5 monitoring stations to be composed, these stand did not ask breaks Carries on the observation to GPS satellite, and will calculate and the forecast information by the infusion stands renews t
12、o the satellite information. The GPS system user is extremely covert, it is one kind of one-way system,the user only receives but does not need the transmitting message, and therefore user s quantity also is not limited. Although GPS is the unification starts is, but very quantity also is not limite
13、d. Although GPS recei ver and processing software emerge in abundance. At present the receiver which appears in the Chinese market mainly has ROGUE,ASHTECH, TRIMBLE, LEICA, SOKKIA, TOPCON and so on. Can carry on the observation to two frequencies the receiver to be called the double frequency receiv
14、er, only can carryon the observation to a frequency the receiver to become the inference. Says regarding the mapping user, GPS has caused the revolutionary change in the mapping domain, at present, in the scope several thousand kilometers controls network, in the precision from hundred to the millim
15、eter level localization, generally all GPS took the first choice method, is day by day mature along wi th the RTK technology, GPS started to decimeter and even a centimeter level layout, domain seepage and so on high accuracy dynamic localization. The international GPS geodetic survey served IGS wit
16、h Earth dynamics from 1992, has established many data storage and the processing center in the whole world, year to year observed a station with hundred, our country has also set up Shanghai Yu Shan, Wuhan, Xian, Taiwan and so on many year to year measuring platforms station, these stations observat
17、ion data passed on every day through the internet net to US S data storage center, IGS also nearly real-time synthesizes various data processing center the result, and the participant international earth rotation served the IERS global coordinates reference system maintenance and the earth rotation
18、parameter issue. The user also may free on-line obtain product and so on observation data and precise star experience from internet. The GPS system real-time navigation pointing is very high,US hasimplemented the so-called SA policy in 1992, namely reduces the broadcaststar to undergo the star posi
19、tion precision, reduces the star clock to change thepositive number the precision, adds on the high frequency vibration to thesatellite datum frequency (to cause false distance measuring accuracy to reducewith phase ), latter has implemented the A-S policy, soon P yard change is Y yardnamely further
20、 limi ts to the precise false distance survey, but American military and special permission user not these polices influences, but US in order to obtain the bigger commercial interest, these policy ends are cancelled. 2. GPS localization principal The GPS receiver may receive and use in the time ser
21、vice accurately to the nanosecond level time information; will use in to forecast the future for several months the satellite to locate the summary position forecast star experience; Uses in calculates when the localization to need the satelli te coordinates the broadcast star experience, the precis
22、ion is (each satellite is different several meter to several dozens meterschanges as necessary); As well as GPS system information, like satellite condition and so on. The GPS receiver may obtain the satellite sign to the code to the receiver distance, because includes the receiver satellite clock t
23、he error and the atmosphere propagated error, therefore is called the false distance. The false distance obtains which to the OA code is called the UA code false distance, the precision approximately is about 20 meters, obtains the false distance to P yard to be called P yard false distance, the pre
24、cision approximately is about 2 meters. The GPS receiver to the satellite signal which receives, carries on the decoding or uses other technologies, will modulate after the carrier the information removes, will be allowed to restore the carrier. Strict says, the carrier phase should be called the ca
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