before用法(31页).doc
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1、-before的用法before的用法 1 作介词A指时间在以前e.g. It began to rain before midnight .B. 指位置在面前e.g. They knelt before the king .C. 指顺序或排列在前面e.g. You name comes before mine on the list .2 作连词A在之前e.g. Did she leave a message before she went ?B用于It + be +时间段 + before :在之后才e.g. It willl be five years before I come bac
2、k .3 常于情态动词 can / could 连用 :还没来得及就e.g. Before I could say a word , she had rushed out of the room 掌握before热点用法 1. prep. 在.以前,强调时间 He came to see me the day before yesterday. 他前天来看我了。 2. prep. 在.前面,当着.的面,向.,强调地点 She has to appear before the court. 她必须出庭受审。 3. prep. 在.之前,先于,强调次序 Those with babies can
3、get on the bus before others. 带小孩的人可以先上汽车。 4. prep. 与其.(宁愿) I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him! 我宁死也不向他道歉! 5. adv. 以前,强调时间 We've seen that film before. 我们以前看过那场电影。 6. adv. 在前面,向前,强调位置 Don't run before and after. 别跑前跑后。 7. conj. 在.前,强调时间 before的含义比较灵活,实际翻译时应结合具体情况机动处理。 1. 趁. Y
4、ou should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚,你应该赶快做它。 2. 尚未来得及 Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒
5、了树,也冲倒了他们。 3. 要.先. You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师,先作学生。 二、掌握热点句型用法It was not long before.(过去)没过多久就. It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 需要特别注意,该句型可以进行创新,可将否定句改为肯定句(It was long before.过了很久才.)或将一般过去时改为一般将来时(It will not be long before.要不了多久就.;It will be lon
6、g before.要过很久才.)。before在这些句型中均引导时间状语从句, long这个抽象的时间也可改为years, weeks, days等具体表时间的词。 It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 Will it be years before he goes to school? 要过好几年他才能上学吗? 高考题例: It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A.
7、will not be.will know B. is.will know C. will not be.know D. is.know 【析】正确答案为C。该句面意思为:在我们知道实验结果之前不会过很长一段时间,也就是不会过很长一段时间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was not long before的创新句型It will not be long before,before引导时间状语从句时,从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medici
8、ne on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 【析】正确答案为C。该句型也是It was not long before的创新句型。when与befor的区别本文结合典型例题来归纳一下before的特殊用法。 before作为连词时的基本意义是“在之前”,用于表示时间或顺序。如:Turn the light off before you sleep. (睡前先把灯熄掉。) Think before you speak. (说话之前,应先想清楚。) 但在不同的语境中before有不同的意义: 1 before表示“不等就”、“
9、尚未就” 例1: Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? (2006年四川) He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 解析: 答案为A。题中before意为“不等就”、“尚未就”,它表示从句的动作尚未来得及发生,主句的动作已发生或完成。全句句意为:我还没来得及说他就冲出了房间。又如: Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没有来得及插上话,他就给我量好了尺寸。 T
10、he phone stopped ringing before I answered it. 我还没有来得及接,电话就挂了。 2 before表示“不知不觉,还没弄清就”(常用于before sb. knowrealize) 例2: Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. (2004全国) A. as B. before C. since D. when 解析: 此题最易错选C或D项,而正确答案为B。用since则时间延续到了现在,在时间上与had gone矛盾;用when则无法强调时间流逝的不知不觉性。又如
11、: Time passed quickly and three months went by before I knew it. 时间飞快地流逝,不知不觉3个月过去了。 3 before表示“以免,不然” 例3: Its cloudy. Take an umbrella you regret it. A. but B. and C. after D. before 解析: and及but表示并列关系,不合语境;after意为“在之后”,不合常识,应是在下雨前带伞;before在此处意为“以免你后悔”。before作此意义的用法的例子不少,又如: Put that away before it
12、gets broken. 把它收好,以免砸了。 Do it before you forget. 尽早动手,不然忘了。 4 before用于it was / will be 时间 before . 句型中。 例4: It wont be long you regret what you have done. A. after B. before C. since D. until 解析: It was / will be 时间 before . 表示“过了多久才(强调时间的长)”,在否定句中则表示“没过多久就(强调时间的短)”。例如: It will be two years before w
13、e meet again.我们要过两年才能见面。 It wasnt long before he married again. 不久他就又结婚了。 We didnt wait long before he came back. 我们没等多久他就回来了。 5 before表示“与其宁可,比优先”(用于表优先顺序) 例5: They would fight to death they surrendered(投降) A. before B. after C. since D. because 解析: 答案为A。before引导的从句在与will, would连用时,有“宁愿也不”的含义。befor
14、e即使是作介词用也有此意义。例如: True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫宁可杀不可辱。 Id die before I apologize to them! 我宁死也不愿向他们道歉! We will die before we give in. 我们宁死不屈。 6. before表示“才”(强调从句动作发生得晚或慢) 例6: They sailed along the Pacific Ocean for two weeks they arrived home. A. since B. when C. before D. after 解析: 此题正
15、确答案为C。全句句意为:“他们在太平洋航行了两个星期才回到家。”强调从句动作比主句动作发生晚。又如: I thought carefully about it before I made a decision. 我经过再三考虑才决定。 It may be many years before the situation improves. 或许要过很多年这种状况才能得到改善。下面有一道2003年的高考题: Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 本题答案为D,
16、考查when作连词的用法。此处when相当于if,意为“如果,要是”。 下面我们来归纳一下when 的用法: 1.作疑问副词,意为“什么时候,什么场合”。如: I dont know when he died. 我不知道他何时去世的。 Since when has he been missing? 他是从什么时候失踪的? 2.作关系副词,引导定语从句。如: He came at a time when we needed help. 他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。 Well never forget the day when we joined the Party. 我们永远不会忘记我们入党的那
17、一天。 3.作连词,引导时间状语从句。如: 表示“当的时候”、“无论什么时候”、“一的时候”之意。如: It was raining when we arrived. 我们到的时候天正在下雨。 When I was a boy, I used to go to the Western Hills on Sundays. 小时候,我经常在星期天到西山公园去玩。 It is cold when (whenever) it snows. 一下雪天就冷。 He joined the PLA when (as soon as) he returned home. 他回家后就参了军。 意为“可是,然而,既
18、然,考虑到”。如: How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television? 他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了,还能学什么东西呢? They have only three copies when we need five. 他们只有三本,可我们需要五本。 The waitress brought me coffee when I asked for tea. 虽然我叫了茶,女服务员却拿了咖啡给我。 意为“如果,要是”。如: You shall have the apple wh
19、en you say “Please”. 你要是说“请”,这苹果就是你的。 He will likely recover when he undergoes the operation. 如果动手术的话,他可能会复元。 When he receives the letter, hell tell us. 他要是收到信就会告诉我们的。 Ill do that when necessary. 有必要我就会那样做。 How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 如果你不宽恕别人,你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢? 引导并列分句总是置于另
20、一分句之后,不可前置,相当于and just at the time。如: I was just about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me. 我正要去游泳,这时我们的导游看见我并对着我喊叫。 We were watching TV, when suddenly the light went out. 我们正在看电视,灯突然熄了。by 与 before 当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词 by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词 before
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