2022年小升初英语知识点 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载六年级英语期末复习资料一.名词可数名词 :表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词 a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则: 1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2.以 s,x,sh,ch结尾，加 -es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母 +y”结尾，变y 为 i,再加 -es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4.以“ f 或 fe”结尾，变f 或

2、fe 为 v,再加 -es,如:knife-knives 5.以“辅音字母 +o”结尾，加 -es,如:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 6.以“元音字母 +o”结尾，加 -s,如 zoo-zoos,radio-radios 7.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chi

3、nese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词 :表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草， ice 冰)，抽象的名词 (help 帮助， music 音乐 )。不可数名词没有复数(如 some water), 不能与不定冠词连用。二.一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观事实。如:The earth goes aroun

4、d the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。常与 sometimes,often,always,usually,every day,on Sundays 等表示频率的时间状语连用。I often go to school by bus. 一般现在时的构成: 1.be 动词 :主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如 : I am a boy.我是一个男孩。注意 :(我用 am,你用 are,三单 is,复数 are。) 2.行为动词 :主语 +行为动词 (+其它 )。如 :We study English.我们学习英语。注意 :(当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时 ,要在动词后加 “-

5、s”或“-es” 。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。) 一般现在时的变化: 1. be 动词的变化。2. 肯定句 :主语 +be+其它。如:He is a worker.他是工人。否定句 :主语 +be+not+其它。He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句 :Be+主语 +其它。 (be 动词移到句首 ) 如:I am a student. -Are you a student? -Yes,I am./No,Im not. 特殊疑问句 :疑问词 +一般疑问句。如:My bike is under the tree. Is your bike und

6、er the tree? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载Where is your bike? 2.行为动词的变化肯定句 :主语 +动词原形 (+其它 )。否定句 :主语 +dont(doesnt)+ 动词原形 (+其它 )。如:I like bread. I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt 构成否定句。如:He often plays football. He doesnt often play football. 一般疑问句 :Do(does)+主语

7、 +动词原形 +其它。 (句首加助动词do,does) 如: I often play football. -Do you often play football? -Yes,I do./No,I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does 构成一般疑问句。如:She goes to school by bike. -Does she go to school by bike? -Yes,she does./No,she doesnt. 特殊疑问句 :疑问词 +一般疑问句。如:She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bik

8、e? How does she go to school?当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要变为第三人称单数形式。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,like-likes 2.以 s,x,sh,o 结尾，加 -es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3.以“辅音字母 +y”结尾，变y 为 i,再加 -es,如 study-studies 三.现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(常与 now,look,listen 等词连用

9、 ) He is jumping now. Look!They are planting trees in the park. Listen!Mike is singing in the classroom. 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing. 如:Tom is reading books in his study. 3.现在进行时的否定在be 后加 not。如:Tom is reading books in his study. Tom is not reading books in his study. 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。如:Tom is r

10、eading books in his study. Is Tom reading books in his study? 5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词 +一般疑问句 ? (注意 :当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing) 如:(1)Tom is reading books in his study.(变为一般疑问句) Is Tom reading books in his study? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载(2)Tom is r

11、eading books in his study.(就划线部分进行提问) What is Tom doing in his study? (3) Tom is reading books in his study.(就划线部分进行提问) Where is Tom reading books? 动词加 ing 的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加ing, 如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加 ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如:run-running,

12、stop-stopping 四.一般将来时1.概念 :表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状 语 :tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow( 后 天 )， tonight, this morning(今天早上 )，this afternoon, this evening 等2.基本结构 :(1)be going to +do ; 如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow. (2)will +do如:I will go swimming tomorrow.

13、3.否定句 :在 be 动词 (am, is, are)后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 wont。如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow. 变为 I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow. 变为 I will not go swimming tomorrow. 4.一般疑问句 :be 动词或 will 提到句首， some改为 any, and改为 or,第一二人称互换。如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow. 变

14、为 Are you going to go swimming tomorrow? I will go swimming tomorrow. 变为 Will you go swimming tomorrow? 5.对划线部分提问。(疑问词 +一般疑问句 ?)一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。(1)问人。 Who 例如 :I am going to school. Tom will go to school. Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school? Whos going to school? Who will go to schoo

15、l? (2)问干什么。What do 例如 :1、 My father is going to watch TV with me this afternoon.( 变为一般疑问句) Is your father going to watch TV with you this afternoon? 2、My father is going to watch TV with me this afternoon.( 就划线部分提问) What is your father going to do with you this afternoon? 3、My father will watch TV w

16、ith me this afternoon.( 变为一般疑问句) Will your father watch TV with you this afternoon? 4、My father will watch TV with me this afternoon.(击退出现部分提问) What will your father do with you this afternoon. (3)问什么时候。 When 例如 :She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine? Will

17、 she swim at nine? When is she going to swim? When will she swim? 6.同义句 :be going to=will(be going to 常指客观情况，will 常指主观情况 ) I am going to go swimming tomorrow.( 明天 ) 五.一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如:yesterday, last week/month/year, two years ago, just now,一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。精选学习资料

18、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载2.Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化: (1)am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was,(was not=wasnt) (2)are 在一般过去时中变为were,(were not=werent) (3)带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was 或 were后加 not,一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首。3.句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子(1)否定句 :didnt+动词原形，如Jim went home y

19、esterday. Jim didnt go home yesterday. (2)一般疑问句 :在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如 :Jim went home yesterday.(变为一般疑问句) Did Jim go home yesterday? (3)特殊疑问句 :疑问词 +一般疑问句 ? 如:Jim went home yesterday.(就划线部分提问) What did Jim do yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在句子末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是 e 加 d,如:taste-tasted

20、3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed,如 :stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的，变y 为 i,再加 -ed,如 study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式(六年级下册英语书69 页) 六.形容词的比较级A.形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用much, a little来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格 )。基本形式 : 主语 +谓语 (系动词 )+形容词比较级+than+对比成分You are o

21、lder than me. Tom drives much faster than John. 形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级表示“越来越”Summer is coming. It is getting hotter and hotter.2.形容词加er 的规则 : (1)一般在词尾加er:如 tall-taller (2)以不发音的字母e 结尾，加r:如 nice-nicer (3)以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除 ow 结尾 )，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er:如 big-bigger (4)以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词，先把y 变 i,再加 er。如 he

22、avy-heavier (5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的，在原级前加more 如:beautiful-more beautiful 3.不规则形容词比较级good-better 七.There be 句型与 have ,has的区别1.There be 句型表示 :在某地有某物(或某人 ) 2.在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is;主语是复数， be 动词用 are;如有几件物品，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。There is

23、a book on the desk. There are two pens on the desk. There is a book and two pens on the desk. There are two pens and a book on the desk 3.there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not,一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4.there be 句型与 have(has)的区别 :there be 表示在某地有某物(或人 );have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5.some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句， any 用于

24、否定句或疑问句。6.and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用 :and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。7.针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many +名词复数 +are there+介词短语？How much +不可数名词 +is there+介词短语？8.针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构: Whats +介词短语？八.人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后 )， 宾格宾语一般位于动词或介词之后。2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。

25、人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我I me 我的my mine 你，你们you you 你的，你们的your yours 他he him 他的his his 她she her 她的her hers 它it it 它的its its 我们we us 我们的our ours 他(她，它 )们they them 他(她，它 )们的their theirs 九.名词所有格1.名词所有格表示所属关系，相当于物主代词，在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下: (1)表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。 如: Childrens Day(儿童节 ) my sisters book(我姐姐的书

26、) (2)以 s 或 es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如 Teachers Day(教师节 ) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词，也在词尾加s. 如: todays newspaper( 今天的报纸 )， ten minutes break( 十分钟的课间休息)，Chinas population( 中国的人口 ). (4)无论表示我生命还是无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用介词of 短语来表示所有关系，如:a fine daughter of the Party( 党的好女儿 ). 2.注释 :(1)s 还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺，如:my aunts( 我阿姨家

27、)，the doctors( 诊所 ) (2)两人共有某物时，可以采用 A and B s 的形式， 如:Lucy and Lilys bedroom( 露西和丽丽合住的卧室 ) (3)“of+名词所有格 /名词性物主代词” ，称为双重所有格，如:a friend of my father( 我父亲的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载一位朋友 )，a friend of mine( 我的一位朋友 ) 十.完全、缩略形式:Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they

28、 are youre=you are theres=there is theyre=there are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not Lets=Let us wont=will not Ill=I will wasnt=was not werent=were not 总结 :通常情况下，m 即 am, s 即 is(但 lets=let us), re 即 are，nt 即 not( 但cant=can not) 十一 .冠词1.英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种，常放在名词的前面，用来限定名

29、词的意义，起泛指或特指的作用。2.不定冠词a/an 的用法 : (1)不定冠词 a/an 用在单数名词的前面，a 用在辅音开头的词前面，例如: a book a cat an 用在元音开头的词的前面。例如:an egg an elephant an hour(h 不发音 ) (2)几个用不定词的习语:a bit(一点 )，a little( 一点 )，a few(几个 )，a lot(许多 )，a kind of(一种 )，a pair of(一副、一双 )，a number of( 大量的 )，a piece of(一张、一片 )，half an hour( 半小时 )，have a goo

30、d time( 玩得开心 )， have a cold(感冒 )， make a noise(发出嘈杂声 )，have/take a rest( 休息一会 )等等。3.定冠词 the 的用法 :定冠词 the 用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。在序数词 和形容词 最高级 前面。 the first the tallest 常用在乐器名称的前面。play the violin play the piano 几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time( 与此同时 )，make the bed( 铺床 )，in the end( 最后 )， all the time( 一直 )，

31、by the way( 顺便说一下 )，on the way(在路上 )等等。4.一些不用冠词的常见情况: (1)周名，月名或季节名词前一般不用，on Monday( 在星期一 ) in spring( 在春天 ) (2)三餐饭前不用。如: have breakfast have lunch have dinner (3)节、假日前一般不用。如:on Childrens Day (4)球类名词前不用。play football play basketball (5)一些习惯用语中不用。如:(1)at/to/from/out of/after/for school;(2)in/to/after/

32、class;(3)on/to/out of/into bed;(4)after/at/from/out of/to work;(5)at/to sea (6)in/from/down/to down;(7)at/from home;(8)at/for/to breakfast/lunch/supper;(9)at night/noon/midnight;(10)on foot;(11)go to school/bed;(12)on top of;(13)in front of;(14)on show/display/duty/watch;(15)in/out of hospital;(16)a

33、t all;(17)on/in time;(18)at first/last/once;(19)in Chinese/English, etc;(20)take care of 十二 .祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。Let 型祈使句Lets go. Let me try. 肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有 please),例如 Stand up, please. 否定的祈使句一定是dont 加动词原形开头(有时有 please),例如Dont run. 把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加dont 即可。十三 .情态动词我们现在学过的情态动词有;can, could, will

34、, would ,may ,must, should, shall 。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响) 例如I can play football. 十四 .句型专项归类1.肯定句 :是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如:Im a student. She is a doctor. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:0

35、0. I wanted TV yesterday evening. 2.否定句 :含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如:Im not a student. She is not(isnt)a doctor. He does not(doesnt)work in a hospital. There are not(arent)four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont)eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt)watch TV yesterday evening. 注意小结 :否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词

36、“not ” 。有动词be 的句子则not 加在 be 后面，可缩写成“isnt, arent ”,但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do, does, did),然后再他后面加上“not ”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起，如“dont, doesnt, didnt ” 。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“ does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。3.一般疑问句 :是指询问事实的句子，词类句子必须用“yes” ,或“ no”来回答。如:Are you

37、a student? Yes, I am./No ,Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is./No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom ? Yes, there are./No ,there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am./No, I am not.(Yes, we are./No, we arent

38、.) Will he eat lunch at 12:00?Yes,I will./No, I will not(wont). Are they swimming? Yes, they are./No, they arent. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes ,I did./No, I didnt. 注意小结 :一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，(1)把动词 be 调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。(2)没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do, does, did) 再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点变成问即可。这三个助

39、动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时。不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did”,一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，即问句里的第一个单词(助动词 )和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4.特殊疑问句 :以特殊疑问词 (what, where, who, which, when, whose, why, how等 )开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么答什么，不能“yes、no”来回答，如:What(问什么事，什么物或什么工作 ) What are you doing? Im reading. What is that?

40、 Its a book. What does he do? Hes a doctor. What colour( 问颜色 ) What colour is your coat? Its red. What time( 时间 ) What time is it? Its seven. What time/when (什么时候 ) What time/When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? Its on December 21st. Who(谁) Who is the man with a big nos

41、e? Hes my uncle. Whose(谁的 ) Whose bag is it? Whose is this bag? Its his bag. Whose skirt is this? Its Amys. Where(哪里 ) Where is my pen? Its under the book. Why(为什么 ) Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载How many(多少 )

42、How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils. How many girls can you see? I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51 desks in my classroom. How(怎么样 ) How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car. How are you? Im fine./Im happy. How far(多远 ) How fa

43、r is it from here? Its 5 kilometers away. How about( 怎么样 ) I like pandas. How about you? Me too. 其中 how 又可以和其它一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组来提问，如:how tall( 多高 )，how long(多长 )，how big( 多大 )， how heavy(多重 ) 小结 :how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以下三种句式搭配，How many+名词复数 +do you have? 你有多少？How many+名词复数 +can you see? 你能看见多少? How many+名词复数 +are there? 有多少？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页