2022年2022年继电器翻译 .pdf

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1、继电器1 继电器的定义继电器是一种当输入量（电、磁、声、光、热）达到一定值时，输出量将发生跳跃式变化的自动控制器件。2 继电器的工作原理和特性继电器是一种电子控制器件，它具有控制系统（又称输入回路）和被控制系统（又称输出回路），通常应用于自动控制电路中，它实际上是用较小的电流去控制较大电流的一种“ 自动开关 ” 。故在电路中起着自动调节、安全保护、转换电路等作用。2.1 电磁继电器的工作原理和特性电磁式继电器一般由铁芯、线圈、衔铁、触点簧片等组成的。只要在线圈两端加上一定的电压，线圈中就会流过一定的电流，从而产生电磁效应，衔铁就会在电磁力吸引的作用下克服返回弹簧的拉力吸向铁芯，从而带动衔铁的动

2、触点与静触点（常开触点）吸合。当线圈断电后，电磁的吸力也随之消失，衔铁就会在弹簧的反作用力返回原来的位置，使动触点与原来的静触点（常闭触点）吸合。这样吸合、释放，从而达到了在电路中的导通、切断的目的。对于继电器的“常开、常闭”触点，可以这样来区分：继电器线圈未通电时处于断开状态的静触点，称为“常开触点”；处于接通状态的静触点称为“常闭触点”。2.2 热敏干簧继电器的工作原理和特性热敏干簧继电器是一种利用热敏磁性材料检测和控制温度的新型热敏开关。它由感温磁环、恒磁环、干簧管、导热安装片、塑料衬底及其他一些附件组成。热敏干簧继电器不用线圈励磁，而由恒磁环产生的磁力驱动开关动作。恒磁环能否向干簧管提

3、供磁力是由感温磁环的温控特性决定的。2.3 固态继电器（ SSR ）的工作原理和特性固态继电器是一种两个接线端为输入端，另两个接线端为输出端的四端器件，中间采用隔离器件实现输入输出的电隔离。固态继电器按负载电源类型可分为交流型和直流型。按开关型式可分为常开型和常闭型。按隔离型式可分为混合型、变压器隔离型和光电隔离型，以光电隔离型为最多。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 2.4 继电器主要产品技术参数1 额定工作电

4、压是指继电器正常工作时线圈所需要的电压。根据继电器的型号不同， 可以是交流电压，也可以是直流电压。2 直流电阻是指继电器中线圈的直流电阻，可以通过万能表测量。3 吸合电流是指继电器能够产生吸合动作的最小电流。在正常使用时，给定的电流必须略大于吸合电流，这样继电器才能稳定地工作。而对于线圈所加的工作电压，一般不要超过额定工作电压的 1.5 倍，否则会产生较大的电流而把线圈烧毁。4 释放电流是指继电器产生释放动作的最大电流。当继电器吸合状态的电流减小到一定程度时，继电器就会恢复到未通电的释放状态。这时的电流远远小于吸合电流。5 触点切换电压和电流是指继电器允许加载的电压和电流。它决定了继电器能控制

5、电压和电流的大小，使用时不能超过此值，否则很容易损坏继电器的触点。2.5 继电器测试1 测触点电阻用万能表的电阻档，测量常闭触点与动点电阻，其阻值应为0；而常开触点与动点的阻值就为无穷大。由此可以区别出那个是常闭触点，那个是常开触点。2 测线圈电阻可用万能表 R 10档测量继电器线圈的阻值， 从而判断该线圈是否存在着开路现象。3 测量吸合电压和吸合电流找来可调稳压电源和电流表，给继电器输入一组电压，且在供电回路中串入电流表进行监测。慢慢调高电源电压，听到继电器吸合声时，记下该吸合电压和吸合电流。为求准确，可以试多几次而求平均值。4 测量释放电压和释放电流也是像上述那样连接测试，当继电器发生吸合

6、后，再逐渐降低供电电压，当听到继电器再次发生释放声音时，记下此时的电压和电流，亦可尝试多几次而取得平均的释放电压和释放电流。一般情况下，继电器的释放电压约在吸合电压的1050 ，如果释放电压太小（小于 1/10 的吸合电压），则不能正常使用了，这样会对电路的稳定性造成威胁，工作不可靠。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 2.6 继电器的电符号和触点形式继电器线圈在电路中用一个长方框符号表示，如果继电器有两个线圈，就

7、画两个并列的长方框。同时在长方框内或长方框旁标上继电器的文字符号“J”。继电器的触点有两种表示方法：一种是把它们直接画在长方框一侧，这种表示法较为直观。另一种是按照电路连接的需要，把各个触点分别画到各自的控制电路中，通常在同一继电器的触点与线圈旁分别标注上相同的文字符号，并将触点组编上号码，以示区别。继电器的触点有三种基本形式：动合型（ H 型）线圈不通电时两触点是断开的，通电后，两个触点就闭合。以合字的拼音字头 “H ”表示。动断型（ D 型）线圈不通电时两触点是闭合的，通电后两个触点就断开。用断字的拼音字头 “D ”表示。转换型（ Z 型）这是触点组型。这种触点组共有三个触点，即中间是动触

8、点，上下各一个静触点。线圈不通电时，动触点和其中一个静触点断开和另一个闭合，线圈通电后，动触点就移动，使原来断开的成闭合，原来闭合的成断开状态，达到转换的目的。这样的触点组称为转换触点。用“ 转” 字的拼音字头 “z”表示。3 继电器的发展微电子技术、 电子计算机技术、 现代通讯技术、 光电子技术以及空间技术的飞速发展，对继电器技术提出了新的要求，新工艺、新技术的发展无疑对继电器技术的发展起到促进作用。微电子技术和超大规模IC 的飞速发展对继电器也提出了新的要求。第一是小型化和片状化。如 IC 封装的军用 TO5(8.5 8.5 7.0mm) 继电器，它具有很高的抗振性， 可使设备更加可靠；第

9、二是组合化和多功能化，能与IC 兼容、可内置放大器，要求灵敏度提高到微瓦级；第三是全固体化。固体继电器灵敏度高，可防电磁干扰和射频干扰。计算机技术的普及使得微机用继电器的需求量显著增加，带微处理器的继电器将迅速发展。80 年代初，美国生产的数字式时间继电器就可用指令对继电器进行控制，继电器与微处理器的组合发展，可形成一个小巧完善的控制系统。由计算机控制的工业机器人目前以每年 3.5的速度增长，现在，计算机控制的生产体制已能在一条生产线上生产多种低成本的继电器，并可自动完成多种操作及测试工作。通讯技术的发展对继电器的发展具有深远的意义。一方面是由于通讯技术的迅速发展使整个继电器的应用增加。另一方

10、面，由于光纤将是未来信息社会传输的主动脉，在光纤通讯、光传感、光计算机、光信息处理技术的推动下将出现光纤继电器、舌簧管光纤开关等新型继电器。光电子技术对于继电器技术将产生巨大的促进作用，为实现光计算机的可靠运行，目前已试制出双稳态继电器。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 为了提高航空、航天继电器的可靠性，期望继电器失效率应由目前的0.1PPM降至0.01PPM ；载人空间站则要求达到0.001PPM 。耐温要达到

11、200以上，耐振要求高于490m/s ，同时应能承受 2.32 10(4)C/Kg 的 射线辐射。为满足空间要求，必须加强可靠性研究，并建立专门的高可靠生产线。新型特殊结构材料、 新分子材料、 高性能复合材料、 光电子材料， 还有吸氧磁性材料、感温磁性材料、非晶体软磁材料的发展对研制新型磁保持继电器、温度继电器、电磁继电器都具有重要的意义，并必将出现新原理、新效应的继电器。随着微型和片式化技术的提高。继电器将向二维、三维尺寸只有几毫米的微型和表面贴装化方向发展；现在国际上有些厂家生产的继电器，体积只有510 年前的 1/41/8。因为电子整机在减小体积时，需要高度不超过其它电子元件的更小的继电

12、器。通讯设备厂家对密集型继电器的需求更加热切， 日本 Fujitsu Takamisawa 公司生产的一种 BA 系列超密集信号继电器的大小只有14.9(W) 7.4(D) 9.7(H)mm ，主要用于传真机和调制解调器，能 承 受 3kV的 波 动 电 压 。 该 公 司 推 出 的AS 系 列 表 面 安 装 继 电 器 的 体 积 仅 为14(W) 9(D) 6.5(H)mm 。在功率继电器领域尤其需要安全可靠的继电器，如高绝缘性继电器。日本Fujitsu TaKamisawa 推出的 JV 系列功率继电器内含五个放大器，采用高绝缘性小截面设计，尺寸为 17.5(W) 10(D) 12.

13、5(H)mm 。由于机芯和外缘之间采用强化绝缘系统，其绝缘性能达到 5kV 。日本 NEC 推出的 MR82 系列功率继电器的功耗只有200mW 。在继电器内部装入各种放大、延时、消触点抖动、灭弧、遥控、组合逻辑等电路可使其具有更多的功能。随着 SOP 技术(Small Outline Package) 的突破，生产厂家有可能把越来越多的功能集成到一起。而继电器与微处理器的组合将具备更广泛的专门控制功能，从而实现高智能化。新技术的成群崛起，将促进不同原理、不同性能、不同结构和用途的各类继电器竞相发展。在科技进步、需求牵引以及敏感、功能材料发展的推动下，特种继电器，如温度、射频、高压、高绝缘、低

14、热电势以及非电量控制等继电器的性能将日臻完善。电磁继电器 (EMR) 从最初使用电话继电器算起，至今已有150 多年的历史了。伴随着电子工业的发展，特别是20 世纪 70 年代初期光耦合技术的突破，使固态继电器(SSR，亦称电子继电器 )异军突起。同传统继电器相比，它具有寿命长、结构简单、重量轻、性能可靠等优点。固态继电器没有机械开关，而且具有诸如与微处理器高度兼容、速度快、抗冲击、耐振、低漏电等重要特性。同时，由于这种产品没有机械接点，不产生电磁噪声，从而不需要附加诸如电阻和电容等元件来保持静音。而传统继电器则需要这些附加元件，因此，传统继电器往往笨重而复杂，且成本较高。今后，小型密封继电器

15、市场开发的重点是与IC 兼容的 TO5 继电器和 1/2 晶体罩继电器。军用继电器将加速向工业/商业化转移。美国军用继电器约占继电器总额的20。通用继电器市场继续向小型、薄型和塑封方向发展。小型印制板用继电器仍将是通用继电器市场发展的主流产品， 固体继电器将更趋广泛， 价格将继续下降， 并向高可靠、 小体积、高抗浪涌电流冲击和抗干扰性靠拢。舌簧继电器市场将继续扩大。表面安装继电器的应用领域和需求量将呈上升之势。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 -

16、- - - - - - - - Relay 1 The definition of relay Relay is a relay when you enter the capacity (electric, magnetic, acoustic, light, heat) reaches a certain value, the output will occur for a dramatic change of automatic control device. 2 The working principle and characteristics of relays 2.1 The wor

17、king principle and characteristics of electromagnetic relaysElectromagnetic relay works and the characteristics of electromagnetic relay from the General core and coil, keeper, contact Reed, etc. As long as the coil at both ends with a certain voltage coils will flow through a certain amount of curr

18、ent, which results in electromagnetic effects, keeper will attract the electromagnetic force and the role of the pull of overcoming the return spring towards core, thereby driving the keeper of the moving contact and static contact (normally open contacts). When the coil is powered off, electromagne

19、tic suction map, keeper in the spring of dosing, return to the original location, so that the dynamic contact and the original static contact (normally closed contact). Then pick-up, release, so as to achieve a circuit conductor, cutting purposes. For relay normally open and close regular contacts,

20、to distinguish between: relay coil has no power is disconnected static contact, known as normally open contacts; is powered by static contact is called close contact. 2.2 The working principle and characteristics of thermal Reed relaysThermal Reed of works and characteristic thermal Reed is a therma

21、l magneticmaterials detection and control temperature of new thermal switch. It consists ofconstant temperature steepness, steepness, Reed, thermal installation pieces, the plastic substrate, and other accessories. Thermal Reed without coil excitation, and produced by permanent toroidal magnetic swi

22、tch action. Can the constant magnetic ring Reed provides magnetic ferrite core temperature is the temperature characteristics. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 2.3 The working principle and characteristics of thermal Reed re

23、lays solid state relay (SSR) solid state relay (SSR) works and the characteristics of the solid state relay is a two terminal for input, the other two terminals for outputs four terminal devices, Middle isolation device input and output electrical isolation. Solid state relayspress load power types

24、can be divided into AC-and DC-type. Press the switch type can be divided into normal and normally closed. By isolating the type can bedivided into hybrid, transformer isolated and opto-isolated, with isolated type. 2.4 Relay product technical parameters 1 rated voltage is the relay function coil vol

25、tage is needed. According to relay a different model, can be AC voltage, can also be a DC voltage. 2 DC resistance refers to a relay coil DC resistance, can be measured by universal table. 3 pull current refers to relay capable of generating a snap-action action minimum current. In normal use, given

26、 current must be current, slightly larger than suck so relay to a steady work. And for the work of the coil voltage, typically do not exceed the nominal operating voltage of 1.5 times, otherwise the results in a large current and burnt. 4 release current refers to relay the resulting release large e

27、lectric current.When the status of current pick-up is reduced to a certain extent, the relaywill revert to the release status is not powered on. Then pick-up of current far less than the current. 5 contact switching voltage and current refers to relay allows load voltage and current. It determines t

28、he relay control voltage and current size, use cannot be longer than this value, otherwise its easy to damage the relay. 2.5 Relay test 1 Measuring contact resistance with universal table of resistance rail, measuring close regular contact and fixed point of resistance, the resistance should be 0;bu

29、t always contact and fixed points of resistance that is infinite. It can be the difference between the is normally closed contact, which is normally open contact.2 Measuring coil resistance available universal table R 10 measurementrelay coil resistance, to determine the existence of the coil taken

30、phenomenon. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 Measurement pull-in voltage and current find pick-up to adjustable and ammeter, to enter a set of voltage relay, and power supply circuit in ammeter for monitoring. Slowly incre

31、ase the power supply voltage, when you hear the sound of the pick-up, note the pull-in voltage and current pick-up. For the sake of moreaccurate, you can try several times and averages. 4 Measuring voltage and release the current release is like the above in thatconnection test, when the relay then

32、pick-up occurs gradually reduced after the power supply voltage, when heard relay occurs when you release the voice again, make a note of this point voltage and current may try a few times and scored an average of release voltage and current release. In Generalthe relay of release voltage in about 1

33、0 pull-in voltage of 50%, if you release the voltage is too small (less than 1/10 of the pull-in voltage), it doe not work as expected, this will have on the circuit of stability threats, is not reliable. 2.6 Relay electrical symbols and contact formRelay coil in a circuit with a long box notation,

34、if relay has two coils, drawing two parallel long box. At the same time in a long box orlong box next to the marked text symbols on the relay J. Relay has two methods: one is to put them directly in the long box side, this notation is more intuitive. The other is in accordance with the needs of circ

35、uit connection, which individual contacts to the respective control circuit,usually in the same relay and coil respectively annotations on the same text symbols, and the contact group number, to show the difference. Relay there are three basic forms: fixed genotype (h) coil does not power up two con

36、tact points is broken, energized, two contacts on closed. To close the word Ruby-prefix H. Fixed broken type (D) coil does not power up two contacts are closed, powered two contacts on disconnect. Use hyphenation of Ruby-prefix D. Transformational (z)-this is the contact group. The contact group, a

37、total of three contacts, that is, in the middle is moving contacts, a static contactbelow. Coil does not power up,moving contact and one of the static contact disconnect and another closed, coils up, moving contacts on the move, the original broken into closed, the original closed into a disconnecte

38、d state, to achieve the purpose of the conversion. The contact group called convert contacts. Use the go words ofRuby-prefix z. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 The development of relays Microelectronic technology, compute

39、r technology, modern communication technology, electronic technology and the rapid development of space technology, on relay technology new requirements, new processes and new technology development undoubtedly on relay technology to promote. Microelectronic technology and large-scale ICs rapid deve

40、lopment on relay also proposed new requirements. The first is the miniaturization and flaky. If IC packaging of military TO-5 (8.5 8.5 7.0mm) relays, it has high anti-vibration, can make the device more reliable; the second is a combination of and and multi-functional, compatible with IC, built-in a

41、mplifiers, require sensitivity to the micro-level; and the third is solid. Solid state relay high sensitivity, prevents electromagnetic interference,andradio frequency interference. The popularity of computer technologymakes the computer with a significant increasein the demand for relay,band microp

42、rocessor relay will rapidly. In the early 1980s, American production of the digital time relay is available on the relay controldirective, the relay and microprocessor development, can be combined to form a compact and comprehensive control system. Computer-controlled industrialrobot is now an annua

43、l growth rate of 3.5%, now, computer-controlled production system has been able in a production line for production of diverse low-cost relay, and avariety of operations and tests. Communications technology development on the development of the relay, with profound significance. On the one hand beca

44、use of the rapid development ofcommunications technology enables the entire application of. relay On the other hand, due to the fiber will be the future information society transport of aortic, in fiber optic communications, optical sensor, optical computer, optical information processing technology

45、 promotion appears fibrerelays, Reed tube fiber switch new relay. Electronic technology for relay technology will result in a huge role, in orderto achieve reliable optical computer is currently running, producing a bistable relay. In order to improve aviation, aerospace relay for reliability, expec

46、t relay failure rate should be reduced to present 0.1PPM 0.01PPM; manned space stationrequires reached 0.001PPM. Temperature resistance to reach 200 c or above, vibration-proof requirements than the 490m/s, while at the same time should be capableof withstanding a 2.32 10 (4) C/kg for the -ray radia

47、tion. To meet the spacerequirements, we must strengthen the reliability of, and to establish specialized high reliable production lines. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - New special structural materials, new molecular materi

48、als, high-performancecomposites, Opto-Electronics materials, as well as oxygen magnetic materials, magnetic materials, non-Crystal soft magnetic materials development on the development of new magnetic latching relays, temperature relays, electromagnetic relays haveimportant significance, and will a

49、ppear anew principle, new effects of relay. With micro-and v-chip technology. Relay will provide two-dimensional and three-dimensional dimensions areonly a few millimeters of micro-and surface-mount direction; now international some producers in the relay, volume only 5-10 years ago to 1/4 to 1/8. B

50、ecause the electronic equipment in the decrease volume, require a high degree of not more than other electronic components of smaller relay. Communications equipment manufacturers on intensive demand moreeagerly relay, Japan Fujitsu Takamisawa company produced a series of hyper-BA-intensive signal r