自考学士学位英语考试复习资料语法词汇短词阅读作文.docx

《自考学士学位英语考试复习资料语法词汇短词阅读作文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自考学士学位英语考试复习资料语法词汇短词阅读作文.docx（197页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第一节 动词的时态考试重点：一般如今时if 从句和as soon as 从句；进展时表将来；如今完成时和如今完成进展时的区分；完成时瞬间动词以及have hasbeen, havehasgone的区分；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。一、一般如今式：1、表示常常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。例：The earth is roun

2、d. 地球是圆的。3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般如今时。例：I dont think you are right.我以为你错了。4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。1They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing答案：B1996年22题2When the mixture _, it will give off a powerfu

3、l force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated答案：C1992年59题二、一般过去时：1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。例：Youve already missed too many classes this term .You _ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed答案：A。有具体的时间状语要用过去

4、时。1995年59题2、used to do sth：过去常常做例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨漫步。意味着如今不在早晨漫步了。3、it is high timethat句型中，谓语动词用过去时。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smokingA. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up答案：B1999年31题三、一般将来时1、willshall+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。例：He will come and help you. 他会

5、来扶植你的。2、be going to +动词原形：表示立刻就要发生的事情或准备好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture 你准备去听这个演讲吗？3、be to +动词原形： 表示支配或方案好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。4、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。5、例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,co

6、me, start, arrive， leave 等的如今进展时可表示将来。1We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。2The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。四、过去将来时表示在过去预料将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。五、如今进展时1、表示此时此刻说话时正在进展的动作。例：The teacher is talking with his s

7、tudents. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。2、表示现阶段正在进展的动作，但此刻并不确定在进展。例：I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参与一个会议。六、过去进展时1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进展的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来推断时间。例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。2、when 和while 的用法1I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis.A. was playing

8、B. am playing C. play D. played答案：A。连接词when 表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while 表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进展时。1998年43题2When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking答案为B1999年35题3One of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has s

9、lept B. were sleeping C, slept D. was sleeping答案为D1996年23题3、过去进展时表示过去将来的动作。如今进展时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进展时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要分开此地了。七、如今完成时1、表示动作刚刚完毕常和just, now, already, yet等词连用；或表示动作的结果一般不用时间状语。1Li Ming has just turned off the

10、light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。说明如今灯已经关上了2I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。说明过去某时丢的，如今我还没有找到这支笔。2、表示过去某时开始的动作始终持续到如今，并且可能会接着持续下去常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用。1He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿已经三十年了。如今还住在这儿2Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。如今还接着来往3、非持续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since.过去时英语中有些动词不能持续， 因此不能和表示持续

11、的时间状语连用。1He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into答案：C。用如今完成时表示“接着的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不行用瞬间性动词。1995年49题2It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我分开上海已经三年了。假如是非持续动词，这时常用 it is +时间+since 的句型代替，从句用过去时态。4、havehasbeen to 和have hasgone to 的区分havehas be

12、en to：去过某地表示某人的一种经验，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用。havehasgone to：去某地了表示某人已经分开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称，此句型不能及上述时间状语连用。1He has gone to America.意思为他已经去了美国，如今不在此地2He has been to America twice. 他去过美国两次。八、过去完成时1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作即过去的过去。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。例：About th

13、e sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _ paper.A. inventedB. had inventedC. have inventedD. had been invented答案：B1997年35题2、表示从过去某一时间开始，始终持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。例：The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on答案：A1995年

14、24题3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后依次，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打 。4、过去完成时常用在no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，一就。句型之中，句子到装。1No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go.A. thanB. whenC. asD. while答案为A

15、1997年50题2Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚翻开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。九、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _.A. will haveB. leavesC. will have leftD. is leaving答案：C1995年25题2、I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB. must

16、 have finishedC. have finishedD. shall have finished答案：D 2000年24题十、如今完成进展时：表示从过去某时始终持续到如今的一个动作，这个动作一般会接着持续下去，或是到说话时完毕， 但是强调到说话时为止始终在做的动作。例：I _ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was knockingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knocking答案：D1998年49题第二节 被动语态考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被

17、动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。一、感官动词及使役动词如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。1、The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. cameB. comeC. to comeD. have come答案为C2000年58题2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做

18、及物动词用。1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照看。2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。三、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必需在午饭前干完。2、Nothing can be seen from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。四、用主动表示被动的含义常用：need/require +doing sth=to be done此句型主语大多为物例：My room is a mes

19、s. It needs _.A to be tidying upB. tidying upC. to tidy upD. tidied up答案为B2000年47题第三节 情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示实力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或看法。情态动词无人称变更，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +如今完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种确定的揣测。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have r

20、eceivedB. must have failed to receiveC. must receiveD. must fail to receive答案：B1998年44题2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have hadB. could have hadC. should have hadD. must have had答案为D2001年58题二、should ought to +完成时表示应当做的事情而没有做，否认式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责怪、指责

21、。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to doB. not to be doneC. not to have doneD. not having done答案为C1999年59题2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phonedC. should have phonedD. should be phoned答案为C2000年26题三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表

22、示对过去能做而未做的事情感到可惜，缺憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.他原来可以参与我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.我原来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。第四节 虚拟语气假如所表示的条件根本不行能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。考试重点：虚拟语气的根本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wishthat引导的表示“愿望的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以

23、as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessaryimportantthat引导的主语从句；It is time that句型中。一、虚拟语气的根本形式和用法：虚拟条件语气中，主句及从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know答案：C。及如今的事实相反，从句用过去时1995年38题2、Do you think there w

24、ould be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same languageA. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak答案：A。及如今的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came答案为C。及过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。1995年59题二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were ,

25、had, should等词， 那么可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。1996年39题2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to usB

26、. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us答案：A。及将来事实相反。1997年30题三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的状况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieveB. would not have achievedC. will not achieveD. dont achieve答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without yo

27、ur help中，因此要用虚拟语气。1996年33题2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had答案：B。2003年28题四、以wishthat引导的表示“愿望的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示如今或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句主语过去时；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句主语过去完成时；1、Peter wishes that he _ law i

28、nstead of literature when he was in college.A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study答案：C2000年53题2、I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be答案：C2001年53题五、would rather句子过去时1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. betterC. hap

29、pier D. further答为案：A1998年45题2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. comeB. would comeC. cameD. have come答案为C2002年46题六、以as if，as though引导的从句在as if，as though引导的从句中，假如议论的是不行能或不真实的状况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变更一样。1、He talks as if he _ everything in

30、the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known答案：B。as ifthough从句中非真实性状况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对如今的状况有所疑心，所以用过去时。2、You are talking as if you had seen them你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。表示想象中的过去的动作七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require

31、，request等。1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. hadB. would haveC. haveD. was going to have答案：C1998年28题2、His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on答案：A1999年58题八、It is necessary/important/urgent tha

32、t引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。1、Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A. comesB. will comeC. comeD. may come答案：C1997年29题2、Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arrangedC. be arrangedD. would be arranged答案：C2003年45题九

33、、It is time (that)引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。1、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.A. doB. will doC. didD. must do答案：C1996年43题2、Dont you think it is time you _ smokingA. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up答案：B1999年31题第五节 非谓语动词非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进展介绍。一、动词不定式考试重点：动词不定式

34、的根本构造和用法尤其是复合构造，否认式，被动式，完成式等。；stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区分；remember，forget接不定式和动名词的区分；have sth done 和have sb do sth。根本形式主动形式被动形式一般式not to makenot to be made完成式not to have madenot to have been made进展式not to be making在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。一动词不定式的根本构造和用法动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式， 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。1、Good-bye , Mr. W

35、ang. Im pleased _ you.A. to meetB .meetingC. to have been meetingD. to be met答案：A1998年57题2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _ their best.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done答案为B1996年44题二动词不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时或动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式。1、The ability _ is very import

36、ant for any speaker.A. to hear clearlyB. to be clearly heardC. to hearing clearlyD. to being clearly heard答案：B。动词不定式的被动式。1999年39题2、Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well.A. to be decoratedB. to decorateC. be decoratedD. decorating答案：A1995年22题三动词不定式的复合构造如需指出不定式动作的发出者时即逻辑主语时要在不定式前用for加名词或

37、代词表示。1、It was very difficult _ me to learn Spanish.A. ofB. toC. withD. for答案：D2、It is necessary _ the papers immediately.A. for you to hand inB. that you hand outC. your hand inD. for your hand in答案：A四动词不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesnt seem _ much edu

38、cation.A. to receiveB. to be receivingC. to have receivedD. to have been received答案：C。表示发生在主要动词之前的动作，要用动词不定式的完成式。1997年45题2、The book is said _ into several foreign languages up to now.A. to translateB. to have translateC. to have been translatedD. to be translated答案：C五stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区分动名词表示停下或

39、接着正在做的事情；不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _.A. on restB. at restC. restingD. to rest答案：D。“to rest作目的状语，意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息。1999年29题2、Men will never stop _ for new ways of getting new energy.A. searchB. to searchC. searchingD. searched答案：C3、You have been talking for

40、two hours. How long do you intend to go on _ like thatA. talkingB. to talkC. doing talkingD. talk答案：A六remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区分remember, forget + doing sth：表示动作发生在过去。remember, forget +to do sth：表示动作尚未发生。1、Dont forget _ the window before leaving the room.A. to have closedB. to closeC. having closed

41、D. closing答案：B。to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作2001年28题2、I remember giving the letter to him.我记得把信给他了。giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。七have sth done 和 have sb do sth的用法1、We are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer.A. to rearrangeB. rearrangeC. rearrangedD. rearranging答案：C。have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。2002年50题2、Ill _ that Im a qualified engineer.A. have you knowB. have known youC. have you knowingD. have you know答案：A。表示让某人做某事。2003年25题第五节 非谓语动词考试重点：动名词的逻辑主语，完成式，被动式，否认式；动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略；“to的作用。根本形式：主动形式被动形式一般时doingbeing don