自考英语二语法复习和练习.docx

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1、自考英语二语法复习和练习第一讲 主语 【语法讲解】主语位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作发出者。例如：1) The question is difficult.2) She is difficult to understand.3) 9483276105 is difficult to remember.4) To understand his words is difficult.5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult.6) That they will leave ahead of time is diffi

2、cult.上述六个例句分别说明了主语位置、特点及可以担当主语成分。可以担当主语出名词例如1、代词例如2、数词例如3、动词不定式例如4、动名词例如5和主语从句例如6。1名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称:名词分类 概念 例子一般名词 某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念名称 书book，音乐music，挚友friend专出名词 特定某个人、地方或机构名称 玛丽Mary, 巴黎Paris, 结合国United Nations2代词是用来指代词。能用来做主语人称代词有单数 复数我I 我们we你 you 你们you他 he 她she它 it 他们they3数词是表示“数量和“依次词。4动词不定式为非谓

3、语动词一种形式，形式为动词不定式符号to加动词原形，即to dodo代表全部动词。当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式to understand his words.5动名词为非谓语动词另一种形式，形式为动词原形加词尾-ing构成，即doing do代表全部动词。某些构造中，也可以用it做形式主语放在句首，而将真正主语即动名词放到句尾。例如It is no use asking her advice.6

4、主语从句指是在句子中做主语名词从句。按英语习惯，有些句子可以把it放在句首做形式主语，而将真正主语主语从句放在句子后面。例如It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.【特殊提示】1 祈使句主语you常常省略；如：YouOpen the door, please. 2 动名词，不定式和从句做主语时，谓语动词为单数。如上述例句中4、5、6。【强化练习】推断以下各句主语位置及性质：1) Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.

5、2) He is very strict.3) What they want is money.4) Even a child can do it.5) It is kind of you to say you like it.6) It is still a question whether she will join us.7) 1000 miles is a long distance.8) It is no use asking her advice.9) The milk remains fresh for a week.10) To take care of so many chi

6、ldren is not an easy job.【练习解析】1) 主语是动名词短语Reading aloud；2) 主语是代词He；3) 主语是主语从句What they want；4) 主语是名词a child；5) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面不定式to say you like it；6) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面主语从句whether she will join us；7) 主语是数词1000 miles；8) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面动名词短语asking her advice；9) 主语是名词The milk；10) 主语是不定式To take care of so

7、 many children。【稳固练习】四以下各句选自高校英语自学教程上册，请大家根据上述讲解对主语进展推断和分析。1) Most adults would disagree with this statement.2) It is known that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.3) To tell the difference between the two is not so easy.4) For some of us, having a family simply means having chil

8、dren.5) Successful language learners are learners with a purpose.6) What is accepted as true is often relatively, and not absolutely, true.7) They are the hardest substance found in nature.8) 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63.9) The movie was said to be very interesti

9、ng.10) Its a great honor to be invited to your country.11) For most adults learning a language is a very difficult task.12) What to do next will be discussed at the next meeting.13) Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory.14) Look it

10、 up in the dictionary.15) 12 is the number of months in the year.16) The waiter understood that he didnt want tea.17) Advertising is only part of the total sales effort.18) It is useful to know how these principle work.19) The solutions to real problems cannot be seen in advance.20) Success in life

11、often starts with a job we like.第一讲【稳固练习】答案四1) 主语是名词Most adults。2) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面主语从句that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.。3) 主语是不定式To tell the difference between the two 。4) 主语是动名词短语having a family 。5) 主语是名词Successful language learners。6) 主语是主语从句What is accepted as true 。7)

12、主语是动词They。8) 主语是数词4671363 。9) 主语是名词The movie 。10) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面动词不定式 to be invited to your country.11) 主语是动名词短语 learning a language 。12) 主语是动词不定式短语What to do next 。13) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面主语从句that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory.14) 祈使句，主语you被省略了。15) 主语是数词12。16) 主语是名词The wait

13、er 。17) 主语是动名词Advertising。18) it是形式主语，真正主语是后面动词不定式短语to know how these principle work.19) 主语是名词短语The solutions to real problems 。20) 主语是名词短语Success in life 。第二讲 谓语一时态 (Tense)一、如今时【语法讲解】汉语里，动词没有时态变更，而是运用时间副词或助词来表示不同时间或事务进程或状态。例如，1我每天步行上班。2妈妈正在看书。3他已经病了三天了。4小强从上课开始始终在说话。而英语时态主要表达在动词变更上。全部动作和状态从时间上看，都可以

14、分为如今、过去、将来和过去将来，其中如今时间里四个时态是理解过去、将来和过去将来时间里时态关键。如今时以动词do为例 形式 主要用法一般如今时 do (does) 1.常常或反复发生动作或存在状态；2. 客观事实或普遍真理如今进展时 amis doingare 如今正在进展动作如今完成时 have done如今完成进展时 have been doinghas 从过去某一时间开始始终持续到如今动作中间根本无停顿，并且很可能将接着进展下去根据表中所述内容，上面列举四个汉语例句与相应英语译文比照方下：时态 汉语 英语一般如今时 我每天步行上班。 I walk to work everyday.如今进

15、展时 妈妈正在看书。 My mother is reading.如今完成时 他已经病了三天了。 He has been ill for 3 days.如今完成进展时 他从上课开始始终在说话。 He has been talking since the beginning of the class.【强化练习】推断以下句子时态1) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2) Mary is doing her homework.3) My mother has been ill for three days.4) I have been l

16、ooking for you everywhere.5) They are discussing how to sell the goods elsewhere.6) My mother works at the same company as my father.7) She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour.8) I have not seen her since 1991.9) Japan lies to the east of China.10) What are you doing【练习解析】1) 一般如今时，主语为第三

17、人称单数the sun，所以两个动词rise和set词尾都加上了-s；2) 如今进展时，主语Mary是第三人称单数，所以be动词采纳是is；3) 如今完成时，主语my mother是第三人称单数，所以助动词have采纳是has；4) 如今完成进展时，主语为第一人称；5) 如今进展时，主语they是复数，所以be动词采纳是are；6) 一般如今时，主语my mother是第三人称单数，所以动词work词尾加上了-s；7) 如今完成进展时，主语she是第三人称单数，所以助动词have采纳是has；8) 如今完成时，主语为第一人称；9) 一般如今时，主语Japan是第三人称单数，所以动词lie词尾加

18、上了-s；10) 如今进展时，主语为第二人称。【稳固练习】五1. 推断以下各句时态：1) We have been living here for 20 years already.2) He is reading outside.3) He has just come back.4) Light travels faster than sound.5) I have studied English since I was ten.6) She studies very hard.7) Its been snowing.8) The teacher is talking with his st

19、udents.9) We go there once a week.10) Weve been waiting for you.2. 用括号中动词适当时态填空1) I _ (look) for my book all the morning.2) Tom _ (sing) well. He _ (sing) a song now.3) I cannot go out because I _ (not, finish) my homework.4) He can speak two foreign languages. Now he _ (learn) a third one.5) He usu

20、ally _ (drink) coffee but today he _ (drink) tea.6) Mary _ (pass) all her examinations. Lets have a party and celebrate it.7) You _ (speak) too fast. I can not understand you.8) He _ (sleep) since ten oclock. Its time for him to get up.9) My daughter _(watch) TV every other day.10) I _ (not, see) hi

21、m for three years.二、过去时【语法讲解】相对于如今时，过去时就是将事务发生时间向过去推移。下面将如今时和过去时进展比照：过去时以do为例 形式 用法一般式 did 动词过去式 过去某时发生动作或状态进展式 was doingwere 过去某一时刻正在进展动作完成式 时间开始持续到过去另一个时间动作完成进展式 had been doing 过去某个时间以前开始并持续到过去这个时间动作【特殊提示】动词过去式和过去分词规那么变更为在动词后面干脆加-ed，而不规那么变更那么须要特殊记忆。【强化练习】推断以下句子中黑体字部分时态1) He said that he had writte

22、n her a letter.2) He lived in London when he was young.3) The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before somebody answered it.4) I was doing my homework when he called me.5) I went to school at six.6) He often came to help me at that time.7) Dick had been smoking for ten years before he dec

23、ided to give it up last year.8) When I saw her, she was working at the computer.9) We were surprised at what she had done.10) I waited until he had finished his work.【强化练习】推断以下句子中黑体字部分时态1) He said that he had written her a letter.2) He lived in London when he was young.3) The telephone had been ring

24、ing for three minutes before somebody answered it.4) I was doing my homework when he called me.5) I went to school at six.6) He often came to help me at that time.7) Dick had been smoking for ten years before he decided to give it up last year.8) When I saw her, she was working at the computer.9) We

25、 were surprised at what she had done.10) I waited until he had finished his work.【练习解析】1) 过去完成时，had written说明在said这个过去动作之前就已经完毕动作；2) 一般过去时，说明过去发生动作；3) 过去完成进展时，说明过去开始并持续到somebody answered it这个时间动作；4) 过去进展时，说明在he called me这一时刻正在发生动作；5) 一般过去时，说明过去发生动作；6) 一般过去时，说明过去发生动作；7) 过去完成进展时，说明过去开始并持续到he decided 这

26、个时间动作；8) 过去进展时，说明在I saw her这一时刻正在发生动作；9) 一般过去时，说明过去发生动作；10) 过去完成时，had finished说明在waited这个过去动作之前就已经完毕动作。【稳固练习】六1. 推断以下各句时态：1) We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.2) I was writing a paper in the library at 3 yesterday afternoon.3) The train had left before we got to the stat

27、ion.4) He was here just now.5) She bought the bike two years ago.6) The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 1983.7) I saw him yesterday.8) It had been raining before you came back.9) We were having a meeting when he came in.10) By the end of 1993, this factory had produced 200000

28、cars.2. 用括号中动词适当时态填空1) When I came, the students _ (do) their homework.2) The teacher was very angry when he _ (see) what the boys _ (do).3) When I arrived, the class _ (begin).4) When the teacher came to the classroom, they _ (do) their homework for an hour.5) I _ (share) a flat with him when we _

29、(be) students twenty years ago.6) She _ (not, pass) the exam yesterday because she _ (not, prepare) her lessons well.7) You _ (seem) very busy when I _ (see) you last night.8) I _ (find) the ring as I _ (dig) the garden.9) By the time Tom left school, he _ (learn) English and French.10) He said that

30、 he _ (work) at it for half an hour.三、将来时【语法讲解】相对于如今时，将来时就是将事务发生时间向将来推移。下面将如今时和将来时进展比照：将来时以do为例 形式 用法一般式 shallwill work 将来发生动作或状况进展式 Shall be workingwill 将来某一时刻正在进展动作完成式 Shall have worked will 将来某个时间或某个动作之前就已经完成动作【特殊提示】1 在美国英语中不管是第几人称，将来时都可以用“will +动词原形。2 由于将来完成进展时很少运用，这里将不作介绍。3 一般将来时除了有will (shall)

31、构成形式之外，还有：A. am (is, are) going to +动词原形，表最近准备去做事情或可能要发惹事情。B. am (is, are) about to +动词原形，表示即将发生动作。C. am (is, are) to +动词原形，表必需或方案要进展动作。【强化练习】推断以下句子时态1) We wont be free tonight.2) This time next week she will be working in that company.3) Ill have done all the work by the time you are back this even

32、ing.4) They will leave for Beijing tomorrow.5) We shall be having a business talk with Mr. Brown in a minute.6) The birds will have moved to the south before winter comes.7) He is going to meet Mary at the airport.8) The train will arrive soon.9) Ill be waiting for you at school after supper.10) We

33、hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.【练习解析】1) 一般将来时；2) 将来进展时，说明将来某个时间正在发生动作；3) 将来完成时，说明到将来某时间将要完成动作；4) 一般将来时；5) 将来进展时，说明将来某个时间正在发生动作；6) 将来完成时，说明到将来某时间将要完成动作；7) 一般将来时；8) 一般将来时；9) 将来进展时，说明将来某个时间正在发生动作；10) 将来完成时，说明到将来某时间将要完成动作。【稳固练习】七1. 推断以下各句时态：1) He will come and help yo

34、u.2) By this time next year, I shall have lived here for 20 years.3) Ill be back at 7:30 this evening.4) By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.5) Hurry up! Or she will have left before we get there.6) Its going to rain.7) The lecture is about to begin.8) Hurry up! The guests will be arriv

35、ing at any minute.9) We are to put up a new school by the river.10) By the end of this term, the students will have learned 2000 English words.2. 用括号中动词适当时态填空1) I _ (believe) it when I see it.2) By six this evening, my parents _ (return) from their work.3) Youd better go back now. Your mother _ (won

36、der) where you are.4) Im sure that you _ (go) with me.5) The film _ (start) by the time we get there.6) Ive reminded you once; I _ (not, do) it again.7) This shop _ (close) down by next week.8) When you arrive, I _ (pick) fruit.9) In a few days time, we _ (fly) over the Pacific.10) By the end of thi

37、s month, they _ (complete) the road construction.四、过去将来时【语法讲解】过去将来时主要用来表示过去某一时间内将要发生动作或存在状态，可以看成时一般过去时和一般将来时合并。过去将来时以do为例形式如下：1 would (should) do2 was (were) going to do3 was (were) about to do4 was (were) to do【强化练习】将以下句子译成汉语1) He told me that he would see me off at the station.2) I asked her where

38、 she would spend her holiday.3) They were going to have a meeting.4) I was about to go out when a friend of mine dropped in.5) They were to visit the White House that afternoon.【练习解析】1 他告知我他要到车站给我送行。2 我问她将在什么地方度假。3 他们当时刚要开会。4 我刚要出去，这时我一个挚友来了。5 他们方案那天下午参观白宫。【稳固练习】八用所给动词适当时态填空1) Who _ (invent) the wor

39、lds first computer2) Language teachers often _ (offer) advice to language learners.3) Go out and get some fresh air! You _ (sit) there reading all morning.4) The waiter soon _(bring) him a cup of tea but the Englishman shook his head.5) Since his father died three years ago, he _ (not, pay) any taxe

40、s.6) Mary told me that she _ (see) you before.7) When I entered the lab, she _ (make) an experiment.8) My father went to Shenzhen in 1988 and he _ (work) there ever since.9) “What are you doing now “I _(prepare) my lessons for the final exam.10) What _ (happen) here There is blood on the floor.第二讲【稳固练习】五答案1. 推断以下各句时态：1)如今完成进展时；2)如今进展时；3)如今完成时；4)一般如今时；5)如今完成时；6)一般如今时；7)如今完成进展时；8)如今进展时；9)一般如今时；10)如今完成进展时。2. 用括号中动词适当时态填空1) have been