1999年考研英语真题阅读详解.docx
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1、1999年阅读真题精解(2011-05-30 10:22:15)转载标签: 黄涛考研真题答案教化 分类: 阅读篇 1999 Text 1 Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful la
2、wsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.外面是一个危急的世界。假设你走出去,可能会滑倒在门垫上,摔伤一条腿。假设你点燃炉灶,可能会把房子烧掉。但是假设门垫或炉灶上没有警示语告知你可能发生的危害,那么你或答应以就自己所受的损害通过法律诉讼,胜利地获得赔偿。大约自80年头初以来人们就不再(
3、guangxian注:此处“不再”二字应删除!)这样认为了,当时陪审团已开场认为更多的公司应对其顾客所遭遇的不幸负责。 Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might surprise! fall of
4、f. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy does not enable user to fly.公司因此感到了威逼,便做出了反响,写出越来越长的警示标识语,力图预先标明种种可能发生的事故。如今,梯子上警告标签有几英寸长,除了警告你其他可能发生的意外状况外,还警告你可能会摔下来,简直是稀里糊涂!印在儿童蝙蝠侠披风上的标识语竟然也告诫说,本玩具“无法让用户飞行”。虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的,如对药物副作用而产生的危急的警示语,并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的,但是当消费者受伤,这些警示语能否真正爱护制造商和销售商使之免于
5、责任,这还很难说。被受伤的消费者告上法庭的公司中,大约一半的状况是公司败诉。 如今看来这种趋势正在转变。尽管个人损害的指控一如既往地接着着,但有些法庭已开场站到被告一方,特殊是在处理那些有警示语也无法避开损害的案件时。五月份,伊利诺斯州的Shutt体育公司总裁朱利尼蒙斯就胜利地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场竞赛中受伤瘫痪,遂将该公司告上法庭。公司总裁朱利尼蒙斯说:“他成了瘫痪,我们特别难受,但头盔的设计不是为了预防这类损害的。”陪审团也认为造成该运发动受伤的是这项运动本身的危急性,而不是头盔。与此同时,美国法学会该学会由一群举足轻重的法官、律师、学者所组成签署了新的民
6、事损害法纲要,宣布公司不必警示顾客那些自不待言的危急,或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能造成的危急的清单。康奈尔高校法学院一位参与起草新纲要的教授说,“重要的信息会沉没在细枝末节的汪洋之中”。假设该法律团体的这一适中的目的可以实现,产品上供给的警示信息事实上是用来爱护消费者利益的,而不是为了避开公司担当法律责任的。 While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions, for example and many are required by state or federal regul
7、ations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are
8、beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. Wer
9、e really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries, says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute a group of judges, lawyers, and acade
10、mics whose recommendations carry substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, says a law professor at Cornel
11、l Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. 51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened A Cu
12、stomers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. B Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. C Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. D Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. Manufacturers as mentioned in th
13、e passage tend to _. A satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products B become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products C make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability D feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrat
14、ed that _. A some injury claims were no longer supported by law B helmets were not designed to prevent injuries C product labels would eventually be discarded D some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be _. A biased B indifferent C puz
15、zling D objective 核心词汇1. rough 粗糙的,不平坦的;粗野的;tough 困难的;困难的2. step 走3. slip 滑到4. light up 点燃5. burn down 烧毁6. fail to 没有7. lawsuit=suit 起诉;诉讼8. compensate for 为作出补偿9. jury 陪审团10. hold sb. liable for 让对负责11. misfortune 不幸12. respond 做出反响13. warning labels 警告标识14. caution 警告15. while 尽管,而,当时候16. appropr
16、iate 适宜的17. interaction互相作用18. regulation 规则19. claim 索赔20. side with 支持21. defendant 被告;22. involving 涉及到23. paralyze 瘫痪24. nature 本质;by nature 天性25. carry substantial weight 具有相当的重量26. issue 发布了;发行了27. bombard with 大量供给28. a sea of 大量的29. trivialities 琐事30. end 目的31. have ones way 得以实现32. legal li
17、ability 法律责任33. misfortune 难句精解While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions, for example and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 在这个主从
18、复合句中,前一个分句是由while引导的让步从句,这个从句由两个并列句组成,中间用and连接。破折号之间的局部是举例说明warnings的内容,and后面的many省略了warnings,state与federal共用regulations。主句局部本身也是一个主从复合句,主句用了一个形式主语it,真正的主语是that引导的从句,留意这个从句中有个动词短语protect. from.,后面是一个if引导的条件从句。 首先要把握这个句子的主旨,那就是主句中所说明的warnings对manufacturers and sellers的爱护作用还很不明朗。留意破折号之间的局部对warnings的说明
19、作用以及it作为形式主语的替代作用。 As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. 在这个主从复合句中,前一个分句是由as引导的伴随状语从句,留意这里的claims是个名词;主句的时态用的是如今进展时,表示的这种状况正在开场。这个主句有一个较长的状语短语,缘由是cases后面跟了一个wh
20、ere引导的定语从句修饰cases,这个定语从句的主干是warning label not change anything,说明的是什么样的cases。 主句依旧是抓住句子大意的关键,该句所要表达的就是some courts beginning to side with defendants,再者要留意cases后面定语从句指出了哪类cases尤为如此。 In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player
21、who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. 这个句子的主干是. president. successfully fought a lawsuit.。句子的主语是Julie Nimmons,后面逗号之间的局部是她的职位,宾语局部a lawsuit有一个较长的动词如今分词involving所引导的短语,involving的宾语是a football player,后面跟了一个who引导的定语从句,这个定语从句中有一个while引导的时间状语,复原成句子就是while he was wearing a Schutt helme
22、t。找出其中的关键局部:. president of Schutt. successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player. paralyzed. while wearing a Schutt helmet。 At the same time, the American Law Institute a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort
23、 law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. 这个看起来很长的句子其实是一个简洁句,主干是. the. Institute. issued new guidelines for tort law.。其中破折号之间的内容说明的是这个Institute的人员构成,并且用一个whose引导的定语从句说明了这些成员的权威。law后面跟的如今分词stating有一个相当长的宾语从句,这个从句的主语是co
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