2 从五种基本句型开始提高英语写作能力附答案1.docx

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1、写作步步高1.如何写好简洁句只含有一个主谓构造的句子（有时含有并列主语或并列谓语动词）叫作简洁句。简洁句的五种根本句型 和There be句型介绍如下：1）主语+不及物动词（S+V）2）主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）3）主语+系动词+表语（S+V+C）4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+干脆宾语（S+V+IO+DO）5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）6）There + be句型根本句型1 主谓构造 由“主语+不及物动词”构成，常用来表示主语的动作。主语可有修饰语（定语），谓语可有修饰语(状语)。如：Great (定语) changes have taken place in

2、my home town (状语) in the past ten years. (状语)She sat there alone, reading a novel. (形容词alone和分词短语作伴随状语)根本句型2 主谓宾构造 由“主语+及物动词+宾语”构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一构造异样困难，不定式就常常充当宾语。如： The Internet helps (to) make many friends. (不定式作宾语) The student union has decided to organize a music week. So I hope to teach foreigner

3、s Chinese and spread Chinese culture.根本句型3 主系表构造 由“主语+系动词+表语”组成，用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有：(1)表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound；(2)表示状态持续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；(3)表示状态改变的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavie

4、r. Anyone should be honest and helpful to his families, teachers and classmates. As is in China, the weather is different from area to area. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam. The dish tastes delicious. (taste, feel, sound, smell等词作连系动词时，无被动语态)运用以上三种句型翻译下列句子1.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 2.对他们来，骑自行车到那里去

5、很不简洁。 3.几个月以后，李明变得和以前一样安康。 4.你这样说真是太好心了。 5.和生疏人一块儿度假不是个好办法。 6.我爷爷早晨起得很早。 7.布朗夫人看起来很安康。 8.每天下午有很多学生到图书馆来借书。 9.你们必需在两周内看完这些书。 根本句型4 双宾语构造 由“主语+及物动词+间接宾语人+干脆宾语事物”组成。但若要先说出干脆宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day. She bought me a beautiful ski

6、rt. She bought a beautiful skirt for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：(需借助to的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；(需借助for的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。运用上述句型翻译下列句子

7、1.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个好玩的故事。 2.Mary把钱包交给校长了。 3.他把车票给列车员看。 4.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 5.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 根本句型5 复合宾语构造 由“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完好。可以用作宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： Suddenly I heard my neighbour shouting and laughing loudly. And then I saw a yellow car drive up alo

8、ng the Third Street and turn right into Park Road.常用的含宾语补足语的句式如下： see sb. / sth. do sth. 符合这个句式的动词有：watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, have, make, let等 see sb. / sth. doing sth. 符合这个句式的动词有：watch, notice, observe, look at, catch, hear, listen to, feel, have, keep, leave, find, ge

9、t等 find it + adj. / n. +to do sth. 符合这个句式的动词有：feel, make, think, consider等运用根本句型4和5翻译下列句子1.我们要使学校变得更漂亮。 2.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 3.我要你把真相告知我。 4.我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 5.我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 6.他感到很难跟你交谈。 7.我想乘船去那里更舒适些。 8.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 根本句型6 There be句型 由“there + be + 主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种状况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词

10、，并无实际语意。一般地说，全句意为：“某地有某物/某人”。 There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields every day.另外，除了be外，live, stand, come, go, lie, exist等动词也能用于这个句型，表示存在。在there引导的存在句中，谓语与最靠近的主语在人称和数上一样，并有时态和情态改变。如： There stand two huge trees in the

11、middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived and old king in the town. There is / lies a river in front of my house.be的时态和情态改变有：将来有there will be；there is / are going to be如今已经有there has / have been可能有there might be确定有there must be；there must have been过去曾经有there used to be好像有there seems / seemed

12、to be碰巧有there happen / happens / happened to be如：There must be a use for my talent. 天生我材必有用。运用上述句型翻译下列句子1.明天下午在报告厅开会。 2.天气预报说下午有大风。 3.灯亮着，办公室里确定有人。 4.战前这儿始终有家电影院的。 5.恰好那时房子里没有人。 提示：在书面表达中，“有”这个含义，我们会不由自主地运用There be和have构造来表达。虽然能表达出原意，可是一模一样，总会显得俗气呆板。试比拟下面句子的翻译，便可见分晓。学校的体育中心有三个运动区域。a.There are three

13、athletic areas in the school sports centre.b.The school sports centre contains three athletic areas.With构造也有“有”的含义。a.Its a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen,b.He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands.c.He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing at

14、 the top.d.With winter coning on, its time to buy warm clothes.完成下列句子1. Guangzhou is an ancient city (有2200多年的文明历史)。2. (随着2008奥运会的降临), more and more foreigners are eager to know about China.3. (随着汽车工业的开展), the economy in China is developing rapidly too.同义优选句型和精彩的困难句式 有些简洁句表达，在语法上没有什么错误，意思也很明白，但缺少文采，

15、可以通过以下方法增加语言表达精彩度。 同义优选 用比拟好的表达方式来交换原始的单词。 He gave us some useful advice. (offered) He tried to make his parents happy. (please) A new railway is being built in this city. (under construction) 困难句式 1) 分词作状语在英语中出现频率极高。一方面，使句式多样化；另一方面，使句子更简练。 They worked hard together, pushing the bus slowly forward.

16、Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. Chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions. Located in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.2) 倒装构造，置于众多的主谓构造中，显得新奇独特。 Only in this way can you improve your oral E

17、nglish.3) 强调句型It + be + 被强调局部 + 其它 It was Mr. Lee who saved my life.4) with / without构造 He left without saying goodbye. 通篇提升 有些句子表达，在语法上没有错误，意思也很明白，但是整体看来比拟零散、不够整齐，所以我们把一些小句子整合起来，变成一个整齐有文采的句式。这也是当前根底写作的重点考察内容。如：Elvis Presley (猫王), who was born in 1935 and died in 1977, was a world-famous pop star an

18、d will always be loved by his fans from different countries.(改写后)Born in 1935, Elvis Presley was world-famous as a remarkable pop star. Despite his death in 1977, he will always be well-received by his fans from all the corners of the world.按要求改写句子1. School was over and the students rushed out. (改成倒

19、装句)School was over and .2. I have never seen such a wonderful film before. (改成倒装句) 3. She lay in bed and she was awake. She was listening to music. (改成伴随状语)She lay in bed, 4. Yang Lan was born in 1958. She began her career as the popular “Zheng Da TV Show”. (用过去分词改写) , Yang Lan began her career as t

20、he popular “Zheng Da TV Show”.5. When we see from the mountain, we can see the river running through the city. (分词短语) , we can see the river running through the city.6. The computer center, which was open last year, is really popular among the students in this school. (分词短语)The computer center, , is

21、 really popular among the students in this school.7. “Mama!” he cried suddenly, and his tears rolled down his cheeks. (with构造)”Mama!” he cried suddenly, .2.如何写好并列句并列连词的意义与作用 由两个或两个以上的简洁句并列连接起来的句子叫做并列句。并列句的根本句型是：简洁句+并列连词（或连接副词）+简洁句。不同的并列连词或连接副词表示不同的关系。所以，要写好并列句，头等必需理解每个并列连词的意义和功能。下表是对全部并列连词（或连接副词）的归类

22、与功能的概括。并列连词其它意思相像的并列连词在句子中表示的意思andfurthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, also, likewise, not onlybut also“此外，而且”，表示并列或递进关系but, yethowever, nevertheless, still, in contrast“但是，然而”，表示比照关系forbecause, as, since“因为”，表示缘由orotherwise“或者，否则，不然的话”，表示选择soconsequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, then“

23、因此，所以”，表示结果norneither“也不”，表示否认选择请选择恰当的并列连接词填空1. I dont agree with you, dose my partner.2. Find out where they are going this evening ask if we may join them.3. He was very seriously ill; doctors have almost given up hope of his recovery.4. They go to concerts of pop music they really like it.5. She

24、cant hope to pass the exam in December, shell have to wait till June.6. He broke the rules of the school; he had to leave.7. I dont know anything against the man; I dont trust him.8. Ill buy a new suit when I get the cheque for the work I did; , Im afraid this old one will have to do a bit longer.9.

25、 is your answer wrong mine is.10. You must work harder; you will be put into another class.辨清不同功能的并列连词 有同学认为，并列句非常简洁，就是将两个简洁句用并列连接词连接起来。其实不然，在写作中，我们必需仔细分析两个被连接起来的简洁句之间的逻辑关系，然后选择恰当的并列连接词，才能真正写出质量好的并列句。请仔细研读以下并列句，分析其逻辑关系。试试看，假设用别的功能的并列连词交换，逻辑关系是否仍旧成立？a. He works hard, and he plays hard too.分析：在分句1的意思根

26、底上有递进。其含义相当于： He not only works hard, but also plays hare. 或 He plays hard as well as works hard.b. I was tired, but I felt happy.分析：分句2的意思不是分句1意思的顺接，而是出现转折的结果。c. We stayed at home, for it was raining.分析：分句2是对分句1的缘由的补充。d. It was cold, so we decided to stay at home.分析：分句2是分句1的结果。e. Hurry up, or youll

27、 be late for class.分析：分句2是与分句1的结果相反的结果。由以上分析可见，并列连词的选择也要遵循句子间的逻辑关系的，假设不当心，同样会犯逻辑错误。请依据所给的句子信息及所供应的并列连接词完成句子。1. You have to learn English, and .2. You should read some English every day, or .3. Many students do quite well in the recitation, but .4. Most of the students are afraid of speaking English

28、in class, so .5. Some students cant tell the difference between thirteen and thirty, for .6. Many of the students do not like writing, nor .运用不同功能的并列连词写并列句 在高考评卷时，阅卷的教师常常会读到这样的文章，文章将内容要点都覆盖了，但通篇都是简洁句，结果得分不高。新高考的根底写作，要求用5个句子表达多于5个的内容要点。因此，如能适当地运用并列句，当可进步文章的可读性与质量。其实，方法很简洁，可依据各要点形成几个简洁句，再将简洁句中有内在逻辑联络的

29、句子用适当的并列连词合并成并列句。(一)请依据并列句的逻辑关系，加上恰当的并列连词，将两个句子合并为一个并列句。1. This will cost quite some money. Its worthwhile in a long run. 2. He would have won the game easily. He fell and broke his leg. 3. Shakespeare was a writer. Shakespeare was also an actor. 4. He had failed many times. He was confident that he

30、 would succeed in the end. 5. Donna was not satisfied with her own achievement. Donna was not satisfied with the teams performance. 6. Girls are jealous of Mary. Mary is very beautiful and successful. 7. The chance is slim. They never give up hope. 8. The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clo

31、uds. Not a single star could be seen. (二)用并列句翻译下列句子。1. 昨天我生日。很多同学送给我礼物。(so) 2. 书籍增长了我们的见识，开拓了我们的视野。(not onlybut also) 3. 地震中有10人死亡，3000多人无家可归。(and) 4. 兄弟俩很不同。一个喜爱看书，另一个喜爱运动。(while) 5. 宠物通常很脏，甚至有的会伤人。(and) 6. 追求时尚没有什么不好，但我们要把留意力集中在学习上。(however) 7. 过去，我们不但没有时间休息，而且没有时间做自己想做的事情。(nor) 8. 通过做兼职，我们不但可以学到书

32、本以外的东西，而且可以积累重要的社会阅历。(besides) 用并列句巧建根底写作小段落 在新高考的根底写作中，要求同学们用五个句子表达多于五个句子的意思。因此，同学样必需要用到并列句。并列句用好了，文章就流畅自然，可读性强。(一)以“如何学好英语”为主题，写一篇五个句子的短文。要求包括下列全部要点，并尽量运用并列句。【写作内容】1. 你必需每天听英语材料。2. 听力是英语学习中最根本的局部。3. 你必需保证阅读练习，否则你在理解文章时速度会很慢。4. 每天早上背诵是很重要的。在课余大声朗读也有好处。5. 写作很必要。你不必写很多，但必需学会每一种写作类型的写作技巧。6. 此外，遇到困难时，你要保持冷静，也不要放弃。【写作要求】1. 必需运用5个句子；2. 把五个句子组成一篇连接的文章。开头和结尾已经为你写好。 Learning English is not an easy job at all.