2008外经贸经济学综合考研真题.docx

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1、08年对外经贸高校经济学综合考研真题(2008-11-20 07:51:29) 转载标签： 考研经济学对外经贸高校真题杂谈对外经济贸易高校2008年硕士学位探讨生入学考试初试试题考试科目：815 经济学综合一、 名词说明(每小题3分，共12 分)1、 范围经济2、帕累托改良3、本钱推动通货膨胀4、流淌性陷阱二、单项选择(10题，每小题1分，共10分)1、对于商品房价格将会进一步上升的预期，导致的干脆结果是目前商品房市场中的（ ）A供给量增加B：供给增加C需求量增加 D需求增加2、假设闲暇是正常品，则财产性收入的增加会导致劳动供给量（ ）A增加 B削减 C.不变更 D不确定3、依据基尼系数的大小

2、，下列四个国家中哪一个国家的支配最为平均：（ ）A.甲国的基尼系数为0.20 B.乙国的基尼系数为0.35C.丙国的基尼系数为0.50 D.丁国的基尼系数为0.604、在一级价格卑视下，（ ）。 A厂商依据消费者的需求价格弹性不同收取不同价格 B厂商可以在不同时间向消赞者收取不同价格 C厂商只是变更了定价的方式，但是并没有变更产量程度D产品的边际收益等于产品价格5、对于消费一样产品的厂商来说，（ ）模型分析得到的结论与竞争模型的结论一样。A古诺(Cournot) B.斯塔克伯格（Stackbelberg）C伯特兰德(Bertrand) D.主导厂商（Dominant Firm）6、向政府雇员支

3、付的酬劳属于（ ） A.政府购置支出 B.转移支付 C.政府税收 D.消费7、确定美国与中国的投资乘数不一样的因素主要是：（ ） A两国的平均消费倾向差异 B两国的边际消费倾向差异C两国的企业投资规模差异 D两国的投资预期收益差异8、在经济增长模型中，衡量技术进步最常用的度量标准是（ ） A劳动利用程度 B资本利用程度C索洛剩余 D劳动消费率9、通常认为，下列属于紧缩货币的政策是（ ） A进步贴现率 B增加货币供给C降低法定打算金率 D中央银行头入政府债券10、在浮动汇率制的开放经济中，净出口受到实际扩率变动的影响，财政政策效应（ ） A与封闭经济中的效应并无区分 B小于封闭经济中的效应 C大

4、于封闭经济中的效应D可能大于、等于或小于封闭经济中的效应三、推断下列表述的内容是否正确(每小题1 分，共10 分)1如采全部商品的价格变成原来的两倍，而收入变成原来收入的三倍，则消费者的预算线会平行向外挪动。2假设效用函数U(X，Y)=5X+6Y，则无差异曲线的边际替代率是递减的。3只有当消费确定产量的消费者剩余非负时，厂商才会消费产品。4依据古诺模型，假设厂商越多，那么到达平衡时行业的利润越大。5若消费与消费中存在正的外在性(externality)，竞争市场峥效率就能进步。6国内消费总值(GDP)中不包括折旧与转移支付。7附加预期的菲利普斯曲线说明：短期中通货膨胀与失业之间存在替代关系而长

5、期中这种替代关系并不存在。8、假设投机性货币需求曲线接近程度形态，这意味着货币需求不受利率的影响。9、政府支出的增加将使总供给曲线向左挪动。10、失业救济金的进步有助于降低自然失业率。四、计算与分析题(每题8 分，共16 分)l、在某一商品市场上，有100个一样的消费者，每个人的需求函数都是Qd=282P；同时有10 个一样的消费者。，每个消费者的供给函数都是Qs=40P 一20。其中，Qd 与Qs分别代表需求量与供给量，单位：个；P代表价格，单位：元。(1)求该商品的市场平衡价格与平衡交易量：(2)假设政府对每单位商品征收3 元的销售税，消费者与消费者各自担当了多少税收负担政府得到的税收总量

6、是多少(3)消费者剩余、消费者剩余及无谓损失有多大2、假设某一国家的居民总是将可支配收入中的10用于储蓄，且充分就业的国民收入为7000 亿美元。今年的私人投资支出为900 亿美元，政府购置支出为600 亿美元，出口为200亿美元，自发性消费为500亿美元，平均税率为10，进口函数为M=0.21Y。若，请计算今年该国政府的预算盈余与充分就业时预算盈余，并据i比说明该国政府目前的财政政策是扩张性的还是紧缩性的。五、简答题(每题7分，共28 分)l、为什么说边际酬劳递减规律是短期本钱变动的确定因素2、举例说明信息不对称所产生的逆向选择(adverse selection)问题如何导致了商品市场中的

7、市场失灵。3、为什么说消费物价指数(CPI)往往高估了价格上涨的幅度4、宏观经济政策的目的是什么为到达这些目的可承受的政策工具有哪些？六、阐述题（每题12 分，共24 分）1、 物业税，又称“财产税”或“地产税”，主要针对土地、房屋等不动产，要求其所有者或承租人每年都缴付确定税款，税额随房产的升值而进步，试利用经济学原理分析征收物业税对房地产市场会产生什么样的影响？2、 依据ISLM模型分析资本完全流淌的开放经济中货币政策的有效性。七、英译汉（共三段、共50 分）1.（20分）Since the barbaric “breaking wheel” was replaced by the gui

8、llotine in 18th-century France, methods of execution have increasingly sought to end life speedily rather than inflict long agony. There can, however, be few decapitations less painful than those at big American banks. On November 4th Chuck Prince left the bosss office at Citigroup, the worlds large

9、st bank, with the “tremendous support and respect”of the board ringing in his ears, even though the firm had to write down $8 billion-11 billion in October alone (see article). A week earlier, Stan ONeal lost his job at Merrill Lynch after leading the investment bank to a loss with $8.4 billion of w

10、rite-downs. He too entered retirement not on a tumbril but in a limousine, with $160m to soothe his discomfort. However churlish you may feel about Wall Streets new axiom“the higher they fly, the bigger the parachute”the departure of two of Americas most senior bankers in a week is a good sign. Acco

11、untability, after all, is a step towards clarity, and there are few more coveted resources intodays fog-strewn and stormy banking industry. Both departures were accompanied by revelations of much steeper losses from American subprime mortgages than either Citi or Merrill had owned up to just weeks b

12、efore.That attempt at honesty may have spooked the market because it showed how unsure the banks remain about how to value their subprime-related assets, but that is no reason to shy away from such disclosures. One worrying lesson for bankers and regulators everywhere to bear in mind is post-bubble

13、Japan. In the 1990s its leading bankers not only hung onto their jobs; they also refused to recognise and shed bad debts, in effect keeping “zombie” loans on their books. That is one reason why the countrys economy stagnated for so long. The quicker bankers are to recognise their losses, to sell ass

14、ets that they are hoarding in the vain hope that prices will recover, and to make markets in such assets for their clients, the quicker the banking system will get back on its feet.2、Consumer Protection（20 分）The contract of sale is one in which buyer and seller are assttmed to be in a position of ge

15、neral equality, so that the main function of the law is to work out the appropriate consequences of what may be assumed to be the common intention of the parties. It is obvious, however, that in a very large number of sales this is by itself an unsuitable technique. The buyer may by virtue of haste,

16、 ignorance, gullibility, inferior bargaining position or simple imprudence enter into a transaction in which the goods supplied, or the term of contract, or both are unsatisfactory to him and in many circumstances it may be felt that he is desmwing protection. The protection required may be specific

17、,i.e. there may be a need for a private remedy in a particular situation; or general, i.e. it may be desirable to control unacceptable practices of a particular type. A seller may also, thought less often,appear to require such protection against the buyer. The civil law has on the whole, save in th

18、e case of conscious deception, taken little account of these problems: its outlook is indeed sometimes expressed by the maxitn caveat emptor (Latin: let the buyer beware). Even where there is a remedy, its exercise may be troublesome or risky for the consumer. But the general problem has in fact bee

19、n the subject of attention for many centuries. Attempts to regulate the price of staplecommodities (e.g. bread), and to control measurements and measuring equipment (e.g.in the sale of beer and coal) date back to the Middle Ages. More recently, however,the movement towards the protection of the cons

20、umer, who may in this context beroughly defined as private buyer from a commercial seller, and who is the personthought most in need of such protection, has increased greatly in strength and prominence. Statues and regulations have sought to protect consumers;officials have been appointed who have c

21、onsumer protection as their function or among their functions ;organizations of consumers seek to promote their interests;studies are conducted into the problems of consumer protection;and the various organs of the European Union and its predecessors has since 1975 taken a vigorous interest in consu

22、mer affairs .Indeed, the European Community is committed to ensure “a high level of consumer protection”and to contributing“to protecting the health,safety and economic interests of consumers ,as well as promoting their right to information,education and to organise themselvesin orderto safeguardthe

23、ir interests.3、（10 分）Undoubtedly ,the overall competitiveness of an economy that runs a persistent deficit or surplus is a decisive factor influencing the sustainability of the trade or current-account balance.Indeed,in the past,large corrections of deficits usually went hand in hand with huge deval

24、uations of the nominal and real values of the currencies affected. Empirical evidence has shown that changes in the real effective exchanges rate(REER),the most comprehensive measure of the overall competitiveness of countries, have the potential to reduce deficits or to cause swings in the trade and current account from deficit to surplus,because they induce an expenditure switch between demand for domestic and foreign goods.第 10 页