2015中考英语阅读理解4类文体12篇真题考前强化练习.docx

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1、阅读理解01 命题趋势 考标导向化1.命题原则 (1)考察学生在阅读中精确捕获信息的实力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言学问，依据自己的理解，驾驭所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，快速找出题目后面的正确选项。(2)要求学生既理解详细的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的看法、意图等“言外之意”。(3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进展推理和推断。 (4)要求学生既能依据材料供应的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。2.试题特点阅读理解题要求学生依据材料的内

2、容从四个(或三个)选项中选出最佳答案，主要考察学生的语篇阅读实力、分析实力和推断实力，是一种综合性很强的题型。3.阅读材料的选取特点(1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是30-40分，是中考试题中的重头戏。(2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、风俗、故事等各个方面。答案一般可以干脆在文章中找到，有的虽不能干脆在文章中找到，但文章中有它们的同义形式或通过某些示意及关键信息都可推想出。(3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、争论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有显明时代特征、好用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、运用说明书、招贴告示

3、、广告以及各类图表等。选用这些材料不仅能进步测试的真实性，还能通过展示目的语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发学生的学习动力。预料2015年中考会加大对学生阅读理解实力的考察，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和社会话题，为学生所感爱好；在题设方面会加大对考生理解实力和推想实力的考察。 02 方法归纳 实力提升化1.阅读全文，捕获信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生细致阅读全文，驾驭其大意，理解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生必需在有限的时间内快速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。2.留意首句，抓住中心。俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那

4、么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速理解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种状况下，考生应特殊留意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的根底。3.优选解除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先解除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再解除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要细致鉴别，比照各选项的区分。4.复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考察的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一样，是否符合逻辑推理，有错刚好订正。03 整合集训 反应层级化记叙篇A(2014十堰)From my fathe

5、r I have learned a lot.And Im very thankful to him.I remember when I was a child my father always got up very early，quietly putting on his clothes and going off to work.To arrive in time to open his tiny store at 8:30，he needed to leave our apartment at 6:30.After all，he had to take a bus and then t

6、he subway.The last journey was a long walk through a neighborhood much of which was full of the smell of rubbish.I learned:It is very important to work.No excuse.When I was 12，I would，on some Saturdays，go to my fathers store to help out.After helping set up the outside clothing display，for the rest

7、of the day，Id watch to make sure no one stole anything.When I noticed someone looking unusual or strange，I would look the person in the eye，smile and say，“May I help you” Usually that worked，but sometimes，someone would run off with something.The first time，I ran after the thief but my father shouted

8、，“Martin，stop! There is no need to do that.” Its true that safety is more important than money.After 10 years of hard work，he saved up enough money to buy his first car，a cheap onehe wouldnt buy one until he could afford to pay for it without borrowing money.I learned:Buy only what you can afford.Bu

9、ying necessary food and clothing wont make us go in debt(债务).The unnecessary things wont give us happiness，which comes from achievement only.( )1.What shop did the authors father ownA.A bookshop. B.A coffee shop.C.A clothing shop. D.A food shop.( )2.Which of the following is NOT true according to th

10、e passageA.The author ran after thieves many times.B.The author thanked his father a lot.C.The authors father worked very hard.D.The authors father made some money.( )3.All the following are talked about in the passage EXCEPT _.A.the importance of workingB.the good ways to keep healthyC.the safety c

11、omes before moneyD.that its bad to spend more than you make( )4.According to the author，what usually makes people go in debtA.To rent a house for the family.B.To send their children to school.C.To enjoy something unnecessary.D.to buy enough food for the family.( )5.What is the passage mainly aboutA.

12、How to live a happy life.B.What makes a person successful.C.The help the author got from his father.D.What the author learned from his father.B(2014河南)Once there was a man traveling in a faraway village.As he was passing the elephants，he suddenly stopped.He found that these huge elephants were being

13、 held by only a small rope tied to their front leg.No chains(锁链)，no cages.It was clear that the elephants could，at any time，break away from their ropes but for some reason，they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didnt try to get away.“Well，”the trainer s

14、aid，“when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and，at that age，its enough to hold them.As they grow up，they still believe they can not break away.They believe the rope can hold them，so they never try to break free.”How could it beThese animals could at any time

15、break free from their ropes.But because they were always stuck right where they were，they believed they couldnt.Just like the elephants，how many of us go through life believing that we cannot do something，just because we failed at it once before_.We should never give up the struggle in life.( )1.Wha

16、t did the writer see in the villageA.Chains. B.Elephants.C.Cages. D.Farmers.( )2.Why do the elephants never try to break free from the ropesA.Because they think they can not.B.Because they are too old to do it.C.Because they like their living places.D.Because they get on well with the trainer.( )3.H

17、ow did the man feel after he heard what the trainer saidA.Moved. B .Surprised.C.Angry. D.Nervous.( )4.Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraphA.Failing is part of learning.B.We should be different from others.C.Helping animals is helping ourselves.D.Traveling always makes peo

18、ple relaxed.( )5.What is the best title for this textA.A Pleasant Trip.B.A Cruel Trainer.C.Elephant Training.D.The Elephant Rope.C(2014东营)Penny was a five-year-old girl.One day when she and her mother were in a department store，Penny saw a plastic pearl necklace(珍宝项链).What a beautiful necklace! She

19、wanted it very much，so she begged(恳求)her mother to buy it for her.The mother said，“Well，I can buy you the necklace，but when we get home，we should discuss what you can do to pay for it.Can we do that” Penny agreed with much happiness，and she got the necklace.How much Penny loved the necklace! She wor

20、e it everywhere and every minute.Penny also did part - time jobs to make pocket money.She worked very hard.Soon she succeeded in paying off the price for the necklace.Pennys daddy knew how she tried her best to get the necklace.He also knew how much Penny cared about it.One night，he asked Penny if s

21、he loved him.“Sure，Daddy.” the little girl said.“Then how about giving me your necklace” “Oh，no，Daddy! Not my necklace!” Penny cried.“Oh，dear，its fine.” her father gave her a kiss.Several days later，Penny went to her daddy，with her lips(嘴唇)trembling(颤抖).“Here，Daddy.I love you.” She held out her hand

22、.Inside it was the plastic pearl necklace that she loved so much.When he saw this，Pennys father smiled with surprise.He then pulled a cute box out of his pocket.Inside the box was a real and colourful pearl necklace，which was waiting for Penny for so long.( )1.One day，Penny_ in a department store.A.

23、went to buy a necklaceB.got a plastic pearl necklaceC.bought her mother a pearl necklaceD.asked her mother to buy something tasty( )2.Why did Pennys mother ask Penny to pay for the necklace herselfBecause _.A.she didnt have enough moneyB.she wanted to buy her a real pearl necklaceC.she thought it wa

24、s not right for little kids to wear a necklaceD.she wanted Penny to know that one should buy and pay for oneself( )3.Why did Pennys father give a real necklace to her at the end of the storyBecause_ .A.Penny wanted oneB.Penny gave him a plastic oneC.he was pleased to see that Penny had learned what

25、love isD.he thought that people would laugh at him if Penny wore a plastic one( )4.According to the passage，which of the following statements is trueA.Penny worked hard to pay for the plastic necklace.B.Pennys father wanted the plastic necklace.C.Penny knew her father had bought her a real necklace.

26、D.Penny gave the plastic necklace to her father because she didnt like it any more.( )5.From the passage，we can learn _.A.parents should buy their kids everythingB.kids should love their parentsC.parents shouldnt ask for anything from their kidsD.how to educate kids in a right way说明篇A(2014杭州)How qui

27、ckly can you count from one to tenDo you use ten different words to do itCan you do it in English，or do you have to use your first languageDo you count on your fingersMany people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world.But scientists have discovered that it is not true.People in

28、different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers.In the United States，people begin counting with their first finger，which they extend or stick out.They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five.Then they repeat this with the other hand t

29、o get to ten.In China，people count by using different finger positions.In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers.Some languages have only a few wo

30、rds for numbers，and others have no words for numbers.A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia.These people dont have hand movements to stand for numbers.They dont even have words for numbers.However，they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.In a similar

31、study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落)in northwestern Brazil dont have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees”,“more trees” or “many trees”.Profe

32、ssor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count，“But here is a group that does not count.They could learn，but its not useful in their culture，so theyve never picked it up.”Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量)，not all languages have numbers and n

33、ot all people use counting.Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives.Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too.( )1.The writer begins with the four questions in order to_ .A.make a survey B.interest readersC.tell a st

34、ory D.solve math problems( )2.What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S.and ChinaA.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger co

35、unting.D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.( )3.Which of the following is true about aboriginal AustraliansA.They have only a few words for numbers.B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers.C.They can only count to five on their fingers.D.They can understand diff

36、erent ideas about numbers.( )4.The study of the Piraha tribe shows that_ .A.people all over the world know how to countB.people of the tribe have words for numbersC.some groups of people are not smart enough to countD.counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe( )5.What is the main idea of th

37、e passageA.People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math.B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans.C.In some aboriginal cultures，people dont even know how to count.D.Some languages dont have number words because people dont need numbers.B(201

38、4滨州)What do you think of a “talking kitchen”A French Digital Kitchen has been developed at Newcastle University in the UK.It teaches students how to cook French food and speak French at the same time.For the first time，students can learn a language by the following cooking steps.All grammar and have

39、 been carefully chosen to make sure the users can understand French well.After learning for some time，the users can test themselves by doing a short test on the computer.The kitchen project was started by Professor Paul Seedhouse.He became interested in the idea after he visited another kind of talk

40、ing kitchen.He said，“The purpose of the French Digital Kitchen is to make learning a language more interesting and more educational.”How does the kitchen workThere is a computer in the kitchen.With this computer，the users can first choose a French recipe that they want to follow.Using information in

41、 the computer，the kitchen starts to guide the users how to make a French dish.If you follow the instructions on the computer，it moves on to the next.If you go wrong，the program goes back and repeats the recipe or information.At any time，the users can also ask the kitchen to repeat the recipe or any

42、information.The new kitchen can be used in schools，universities and even peoples homes.The researchers will also be developing the European Digital Kitchen，for the next three years.( )1.After reading the passage，we know the Digital Kitchen _.A.is a “talking kitchen”B.teaches students EnglishC.was de

43、veloped in FranceD.cooks all food for people( )2.Which of the following can be properly put in A.food B.vocabularyC.recipe D.instructions( )3.Paragraph 3 mainly tells us that _.A.how the kitchen worksB.where the kitchen can be usedC.when the kitchen can be boughtD.why the kitchen project was started

44、( )4.If the users dont follow the instructions on the computer，the kitchen _.A.chooses another recipeB.goes on to the next stepC.repeats the recipe or informationD.stops working at once( )5.The passage is written to _.A.show you how computer worksB.introduce a French Digital KitchenC.teach you how t

45、o cook French foodD.tell you the importance of language learningC(2014宁波)The small Middle Eastern nation of Qatar(卡塔尔)has a soccer team，but it has never played in soccers greatest tournament，the World Cup. However，something amazing will happen in 2022 and at that time Qatar will become the first nat

46、ion in the Middle East to host the mens Soccer World Cup games.Some fans were confused about this choice.Where will the athletes competeQatar doesnt have any stadiums(体育场)built yet.Also，the weather in Qatar gets extremely hot in summer.However，Qatar has plans to fix those problems.The country has an

47、nounced plans to build enough stadiums for the tournament.To keep everyone cool，each stadium will have solar-powered(太阳能)air-conditioning.Qatar is also building a new airport and train system.Because the stadiums will be so close together and connected by trains，fans will be able to watch two games in one day.Qatar has big plans for its new stadiums.Game officials say that after the World Cup，they will take the stadiums down.The stadiums will be taken apart and sent to countries that dont have enough money to build stadiums.Qatar is very happy to be the firs