沪教版八年级英语上册知识点笔记最全整理带例句和短语1.docx
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1、U1P11:辅音字母加y结尾的可数名词,y改i加es转换复数(转复数)hobby-hobbies(转复数)library-libraries(转复数)story-stories元音字母加y结尾的可数名词,干脆加s(转复数)boy-boys(转复数)toy-toys(转复数)monkey-monkeys2:以o结尾无生命,复数加s(转复数)photo-photos(转复数)radio-radios(转复数)kilo-kilos以o结尾有生命,复数加es(转复数)tomato-tomatoes(转复数)potato-potatoes(转复数)hero-heroes3:打招呼,问候(v):greet
2、招呼,问候(n):greeting4:发动机,引擎(n):engine工程师(n):engineer例句:我的志向是成为一名工程师。My ambition is to be an engineer5:拥有(v):own拥有者(n):owner例句:杰克拥有一辆汽车。Jack owns a car例句:他是这辆车的拥有者。He is the owner of the car6:物理(n):physics物理的(adj):physical短语:物理的改变。a physical change短语:体育(全称)。physical education短语:物理教师。physics teacher短语:教
3、我们物理。teach us physics7:签名(v):sign签名(n):signature8:n(变成adj):加y变adj(变adj)rain-rainy(变adj)sun-sunny(变adj)cloud-cloudy(变adj)wind-windy(变adj)snow-snowy(变adj)fog-foggy(变adj)friend-friendly(变adj)love-lovely9:可能的(adj):probable可能,也许(adv):probably可能的(adj):possible可能,也许(adv):possiblyadj-adv(第一种方法):干脆加lyadj-adv
4、(第一种方法):变y为i再加lyadj-adv(第一种方法):le去e再加y(变adv)polite-politely(变adv)quick-quickly(变adv)happy-happliy(变adv)terrible-terribly(变adv)possible-possibly(变adv)probable-probably(变adv)heavy-heavily(变adv)gentle-gently10:高的(adj):high高度(n):height称重(v):weigh重量(n):weight长的(adj):long长度(n):length有力的(adj):strong力气(n):s
5、trength宽的(adj):wide宽度(n):widthU1P21:喜爱做某事(3个动词):like/love/enjoy doing sth变成doing形式(第一点):加ing变成doing形式(第二点):去不发音e加ing变成doing形式(第三点):(辅元辅)双写结尾字母加ing(变doing)ski-skiing(变doing)dance-dancing(变doing)write-writing(变doing)swim-swimming(变doing)run-runing(变doing)shop-shopping2:喜爱做某事(第一种形式):be keen on喜爱做某事(第二种
6、形式):be interested in doing sth喜爱做某事(第三种形式):be fond of3:想要做某事(would形式):would like to do sth想要做某事(want形式):want to do sth/would为情态动词,可以干脆加not,构成否认wouldnt/want有人称和时态改变,would没有例句:kitty不想成为一名教师(would形式):kitty would not like to be a teacher例句:kitty不想成为一名教师(want形式):kitty doesnt want to be a teacher4:我的爱好是做某
7、事:my hobby is doing sth做某事是我的爱好:doing sth is my hobby主语+is+to do sth我的爱好是做某事(todo)。my hobby is to do sth我的志向是做某事(todo)。my ambition is to do sth我的职业是做某事(todo)。my job is to do sth我的期望是做某事(todo)。my wish is to do sth例句:我的爱好是下国际象棋。My hobby is to play chess5:送信件和包袱。deliver letters and parcels例句:一个邮递员的职业是送
8、信件和包袱。A postmans job is to deliver letters and parcels6:拥有(v)(两种):own = have短语:谁拥有什么。ones own sth短语:单独(两种)。on ones own = by oneself7:对某人友善(两种)。be friendly to sb = be kind to sb8:短语:叫.+名字:call sb +名称例句:叫我Jon:call me Jon打 给某人(第一种形式):call sb打 给某人(第一种形式):phone sb打 给某人(第一种形式):ring sb被叫作:sb called +名称例句:一
9、个被叫做Jon的男孩。A boy called Jon短语:号召某人做某事。call on sb to do sth例句:我们新班级的教师总是号召我们为了更好的将来而更努力地学习。Our new class teacher always calls on us to work harder for a better future9:返回(两种):come back = return10:play后加(第一种形式):play +球类运动play后加(第二种形式):play chessplay后加(第三种形式):play +the +乐器钢琴:piano小提琴:violin吉他:guitar11:
10、在上学:at school在工作:at work在读高校:at university12:盼望做某事:hope to do sth盼望某人将/能做某事:hope (that) sb will/can do sth例句:我盼望你将尽快给我写信。I hope you will write to me soon.13:告知某人关于某人/某物:tell sb about sb / sth例句:告知我父母关于我的校园生活。Tell my parents my school life14:与某人共用/共享某物。share sth with sb例句:与我们共享华蜜。Share happiness with
11、 us15:写信给某人:write (a letter) to sb收到某人来信(两种):receive/get a letter from sb = hear from sb16:在.期间(prep):during短语:在暑假期间。during summer holidays短语:在我停留在上海期间。during my stay in Shanghai17:可能,也许(adv)(两种)(用于句首):maybe = perhaps/maybe和perhaps常用于句首可能,也许(adv)(两种)(用于句中):probably = possibly/probably和possibly常用于句中例
12、句:kitty可能成为一名医生(maybe)。Maybe kitty will be a doctor例句:kitty可能成为一名医生(possibly)。Kitty will possibly be a doctor18:在.中间:in the middle of在.中心:in the centre of在.东边:in the east of在.西边:in the west of在.南边:in the south of在.北边:in the north of在.右边:on the right of在.左边:on the left of在.(外部)的前面:in front of在.(内部)的前
13、面:in the front of例句:教室前面有很多树。There are many trees in front of the classroom例句:教室里的前面有一个讲台。There is a teaching desk in the front of the classroom19:离.近(两种):be close to = near旁边的(adj):nearby旁边的(adv):nearby例句:我妈妈在旁边的一所学校工作。My mum works in a nearby school例句:我妈妈工作在一所学校旁边。My mun works in a school nearby20
14、:从A到B:from A to B/从A到B:AB为人,AB为地点,用How far提问。AB为时间,用How long提问21:德国人:German德国人(复数):Germans短语:说德语。speak German22:想到:think of例句:春天令你想到了什么?What does spring make you think of考虑做某事(两种):think about doing sth = consider doing sth例句:Kitty考虑出国去进修(过去时)。Kitty thought about going abroad for further studyfar的第一种
15、表示间隔 的比拟级:fartherfar的第二种表示程度的比拟级:further短语:进修,深造:further study细致考虑:think (it) over例句:请细致考虑,然后告知我你的最终结果。Please think it over and tell me your final decision23:普及全世界(两种):all over the world = throughout the world24:来自(两种):be from = come from例句:Kitty来自德国。Kitty comes from Germany25:在工作日:on weekdays在周末(两种
16、介词):on/at weekends26:短语:某人最喜爱的某物:ones favourite sth/ones是形物代(my/our/your/his/her/their)我最喜爱的科目/颜色/食物。my favourite subject/colour/food某人的最好的某物:ones best sth短语:她最好的科目:her best subject短语:他最好的挚友:his best friendU1P31:疑问词,什么:what例句:你的职业是什么?whats your job例句:天气怎么样?(what形式):whats the weather like例句:你觉得上海怎么样?
17、(what形式):what do you think of Shanghai2:疑问词,谁:who例句:这封信是谁写来的?:who is the letter from3:疑问词,哪一个或那些:which例句:哪个女士是格林小姐?:which lady is Miss Green例句:你最喜爱哪个科目?:which subject is your favourite例句:你去过哪些国家?:which countries have you been to4:疑问词,什么时候:when/when问的是点时间when问的大时间是:年 月 日when问的小时间是:几点钟when中的几点钟相当于:wha
18、t time例句:你是什么时候诞生的?:when were you born例句:你通常什么时候起床?:when do you usually get up5:疑问词,在哪里:where例句:你住在哪里?Where do you live6:为什么:whywhy问缘由(第一种):because + 句子why问缘由(第二种):because of + 名词或名词短语例句:昨天我迟到了是因为天气很坏。yesterday I was late for school because the weather was badwhy问目的(三种):to do sth = in order to do st
19、h = so as to do sth7:疑问词,如何,怎么样:howhow问交通方式:by bus/on foothow问方式:by (not) doing sthhow问方式副词:quickly/quietlyhow问天气:how is the weatherhow问身体:how are you8:疑问词,多久做某事:how often一星期两次:twice a week一天两次:twice a day每个月:every month9:疑问词,多长时间:how longhow long问的时间:段时间for在时间上的用法:for + 段时间since在时间上的用法(第一种):since +
20、 点时间since在时间上的用法(第二种):since + 句子(过去事务)短语:自从去年:since last year短语:自从2年前:since two years ago短语:自从2000年前:since 2000短语:自从我搬进来这里时:since I moved here短语:自从我十岁时:since I was 10 years oldtake和spend的用法(两种):sb spend + 一段时间 + to do sth = it takes sb + 一段时间 + to do sth10:疑问词,多久以后:how soon例句:我将会在七天后回来。I will come b
21、ack in 7 days例句:你将会什么时候回来:How soon will you come back11:疑问词,多远:how far例句:我的家在二十千米的上海。it is 20km form my home to shanghai/it is 10 minates walk form my home to school/bus ride/drive12:how many后加:可数名词复数例句:这里有多少学生:how many students are there13:疑问词,多少价钱:how muchhow much问(第一种):问不行数名词的量how much问(第二种):问多少钱
22、例句:你每天喝多少水:how much water do you drink every day例句:A:这个电脑多少钱?B:5000元。A:how much is this computerB:5000 yuanU1P41:冠词的分类(三种):不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词2:a用于:辅音开头的可数名词单数前an用于:元音开头的可数名词单数前3:初次提及用:不定冠词再次提及用:定冠词例句:我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。这自行车花了我400元。My father bought me a bicycle.The bicycle cost me 400 yuanthe用在(第2种):后置定语修饰限定的人物/
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