高中英语语法知识点归纳一介绍1.docx

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1、第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比拟It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子构造，主语从句的连接词没有改变。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一局部进展强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调

2、局部指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真惋惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功及否不感爱好。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的构造(1) It is 名词

3、从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 特别荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 惊奇的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证明 It is said that

4、 据说3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种状况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported构造中的主语从句不行提早。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs构造中的主语从句不行提早。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in

5、 the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 构造中的主语从句不行提早。例如： 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不行提早。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evenin

6、g 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely4. what 及that 在引导主语从句时的区分 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I he

7、ard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会承受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success de

8、pends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我唯恐我已经犯了一个错误。留意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoye

9、d, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作缘由状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能干脆跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, d

10、islike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不行以用that引导的宾语从句。如： 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6. 不行用that从句作干脆宾语的动词 有些动词不行用于“动词间接宾语that从句“构造中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：He i

11、mpressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否认的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否认意义，一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用确定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不合适你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，

12、放在系动词之后，一般构造是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等构造。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind

13、 the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步说明，说明名词的详细内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should st

14、ay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句及定语从句的区分(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句及从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描绘定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是

15、对名词进展补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 高一英语名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. T

16、hat D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more midd

17、le school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor

18、did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the fi

19、rst prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or thr

20、ee days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surpris

21、es all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A

22、. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA 第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，

23、又是近几年高考的热点，因此应赐予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、间隔 等自然现象 二、It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型： 1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描绘事务的形容词：easy, difficult, h

24、ard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without

25、 a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描绘人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 Its no good/use doing Its (well)wo

26、rth doing Its (well)worth ones while doing/to do Its (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause Its surprising that (should)竟然 Its a pity

27、/shame that(should)竟然 例 Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frig

28、hten/please/anger sb. that 例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that= sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例 It (so) happened/chanced that they wer

29、e out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It i

30、s v-ed that (should) (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、It作主语的句型 1. It takes sb. to do(=sb takesto do)某人用多长时间做某事 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) 2. I

31、ts (just)(un)like sb. to do（不）像某人做某事的风格 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us. 3. Its (about/high) time that should /v-ed是该做某事的时候了 例 Its(about/high) time that we should take action. 4. Its the x-th time (that) have v-ed第几次做某事了 例 Its the third time that he has failed the driving test. 5. It

32、 is/has been since continuous v-ed(持续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 例 Its 10 years that he lived here 6. It was(not) before过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了 例 It was not long before they arrived. 四、It 作形式宾语 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式宾语的常见句型： 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, bel

33、ieve, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own. 2. verb+it+adj./noun (ones) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think,

34、 believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that (should) verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that(should) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, ma

35、ke, keep) 例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference. 4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view) 例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. 5. v. +it + prep. + that owe it to sb. that把归功于 leave it to sb that把留给某

36、人去做 take it for granted that 想当然 keep it in mind that 例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It用在不能干脆跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I cant. 7. It

37、用在不能干脆跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） 例 Im for it that you will follow their advice. 五、强调句型 It is/was+被强调局部+ that(who) 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调局部是人时也可以用who。 在运用强调句型时需留意以下几点： 1. 请留意强调句型的特殊疑问句 例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ 2. 在强调缘由状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句

38、例 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday. 3. 在强调not until构造时必需把not及until一起放到被强调的位置上 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 4. 留意强调句型及定语从句的区分 例 It was at 7 oclock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型) It was 7 oclock when he came h

39、ere yesterday.(定语从句) 六、It 常用的固定搭配 1. make it (1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、刚好到达 例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business. (2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间” 例 Shall we meet next week OK. We just make it next Saturday. 2. as it is (1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上，实际状况是” 例 We had plan

40、ed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably wont finish it until next week. (2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样” 例 Leave the table as it is. 3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说” 例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes. 4. if it werent for/if it hadnt been for用来引导虚拟语气

41、，相当于without, or but for, 表示“假如不是，要不是” 例 If it werent for Tom, I wouldnt be alive today. 5. thats it (1). 相当于Thats all. Thats so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了” 例 You can have one more sweet, and thats it. (2). 相当于 Thats right.表示“对啦” 例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A” Thats it. 6. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责怪，受指责，受惩处” 例 Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again. 7. have it (1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主见，说明，硬说” 例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced. (2).相当于get to know something,表示“理解，知道，得悉” 例