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1、年级九年级科目English时间2015、3、27主备人范冬霞备课组赵芳红 赵建岐 范冬霞第一课时课题专题八 介词教学目的1.驾驭英语中常考介词的用法2.常考介词短语的用法重点难点1. 常用介词的根本用法2.易混介词的用法辑区分考点分析:从近几年中考对介词的考察往往是从情景中来考察与介词有关的短语及句型。教学步骤及教学内容一 检查作业二 新课导入介词的用法1. 常考介词的根本用法2. 介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语3. 简单误用的介词的区分三 中考连接(近几年中考常考介词的用法)四 课堂总结五 课堂练习六 家庭作业 专题七 介词讲义一、初中英语常用介词的根本用法依据介词的意义分类A. 表示时间
2、的介词1.at表示时间点用at,ight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。2.on指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the t等。3.in指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。4.介词by表示的时候、到、等到已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 oclock5.介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My m
3、other came home after half an hour.介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:Well go out for a walk after supper.6.介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.7.介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.当所指的时间起止清楚时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.假如一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I havent seen her
4、 for years.介词before表示“在之前”如:He wont come back before five .介词by表示“到时为止,不迟于”如:The work must be finished by Friday.8.时间介词till与until用法的异同till和until用在确定句中,均可表示“直到为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven oclocktill和until用在否认句中,均可表示“在以前”或“直到才”。如:Tom didnt come back till(until)midnighttill多用于一般文体,而 until则用于多种文体,
5、并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till。如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done9.不用介词表达时间的几种状况当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.B表示地点方位的介词at,under,beside,inside,
6、close to,off,down,beyond,along1.方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river介词above表示一般的“高于”,“在之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.方位介词under与below的用法辨析介词under是over的反义词即“在下方”,如:They were seen und
7、er the tree.介词below是above的反义词即“低于”,“在之下”,如:They live below us.2.方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从外表穿过。如:She went across the street to make some purchases.介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从确定的空间内穿过。如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go o
8、ver the mountain; he had to go round it.介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.3.方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.4.方位介词to、for的用法辨析介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianji
9、an.介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.5.地点介词at与in的用法辨析介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.6地点介词at与on的用法辨析介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.7.地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is i
10、n the north of China.介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.8.between, among(表位置) between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的互相关系时,也 用between, 如Im sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best among
11、 the students.9.beside, besidesbeside意为在旁边,而besides意为除之外。如:He sat beside me.What do you want besides this10.in the tree, on the treein the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上11.on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法12.in th
12、e corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外13.in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨14.by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车C.表示手段施动者的介词like, with, in,byD.表示其他含义的介词except,esides,instead of【真题再现】1. Kelly cooked dinner _ her parents wh
13、ile they were cleaning the yard. (成都)A. with B. for C. to剖析:本题是考察介词的用法。for在这里可以表达“为”或“替”的意思。答案:B2. My father goes to work_his car.(泸州)A. by B. in C. on剖析:by、in、on都可以表示方式,后接交通工具的名词。但by一般后面干脆跟交通工具名词;表示“在车里”不常用on。答案:A3. I often go shopping with my mother _ Sunday mornings. (南通)A. in B. at C. for D. on
14、剖析:此题是考察时间介词的用法。泛指 “在早晨(上午、下午、晚上)”等状况时,常表达为in the morning/afternoon/evening, 但假如指具体某一天的早晨、上午、下午或晚上,则不用介词in,而要用介词on。答案: D 二、介词的常见搭配英语很多动词、形容词和名词都与特定的介词搭配,我们必需熟识这些搭配关系。1.动词与介词(或副词)的搭配addto 加到上 agree with 同意(某人)arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问beginwith 从开场 believe in 信任break into 闯入 break off 打断 break out 爆
15、发 bring down 降低bring in 引进bring up 教化,培育 build up 建起 burn down 烧光call back 回 call for 要求约请 call in 召来call on 探望 访问care for 喜爱 carry on 接着开展carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐clear up 整理,整理come about 发生,产生come across (偶尔)遇见come out 出来come to 共计 到达 comparewith 与比拟compare to 比作 cut off 切断date from 始于 depend
16、 on 依靠devote to 献于 die out 灭亡divide up 安排 dream of 幻想fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒feed on 以为食 get down to 用心于get through 通过give in 让步,屈从give out 分发 give up 放弃go abroad 出国 go against 反对go on with 接着 go through 阅读grow up 生长 hand down 传下来hear about 听说 hold out 伸出join up 连接起来 keep off 让开,不接近keep on 接着 lead t
17、o 导致live on 靠为生 look down upon 看不起look forward to 渴望 look into 调查look out 留神 look(a) round 细致查看set off 动身 set up 建立show off 夸耀shut up 住口speed up 加速 stand for 代表,象征stick to 坚持 suffer from 遭遇talk of 议论 think of 考虑,想起try out 试验 turn down 调低 turn off 关掉 worry about 担忧2.介词成语1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成,单是一些常用介词就可构成大量
18、成语:at:at a stretch 一连,连续地 at a time 一次,每次at ease 稍息,安心 at first sight 一见(钟情)at first 最初,开场时 at heart 在内心at home 在家,随意 at last 最终at least 至少 at length 最终,具体地at most 至多 at once 马上,同时at peace(war) 处于和平(斗争)状态 at play(work) 在玩耍(工作)at present 如今,目前 at random 随意地,胡乱地at the risk of 冒的风险 at the same time (与此
19、)同时at the start 一开头 at the time 此刻,这时at times 有时候 at will 随意地by:by accident 偶尔 by air 航空by all means 想一切方法 by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士(飞机等)by chance 偶尔 by cheque 用支票by choice 出于自愿 by daylight 在大白天by day(night) 白天(夜间) by force 靠武力by mistake 错误地,误把 by turns 轮番by surprise 突然,出其不意 by the way 顺便说一句in:in a se
20、nse 从某种意义上说 in addition(to) 此外(除之外)in advance 事前 in all 总共in any case (event) 不管怎样,反正 in brief 简而言之in case 要是,假如 in case of 在状况下in comparison 比拟起来 in danger 处于危急中in debt 负债 in demand 有需求in detail 具体地 in fact 事实上in general 一般说来 in ones opinion 在(某人)看来in order to (that) 以便,为了 in other words 换句话说in par
21、t(s) 局部地 in person 亲自in practice 事实上 in public(private) 公开(私下)地in regard to 关于 in short 总之in the end 最终 in the middle of 在中间 in time 刚好地,经过一段时间 in vain 白白地,没有结果on:on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表(某人)on board 在船(飞机)上 on condition 在条件下on duty 值班 on fire 着火on foot 步行 on guard 有警觉,值班on hand 在身边 on holid
22、ay 在休假on purpose 有意地 on sale 在出售on strike 罢工 on the contrary 相反on the way 在路上 on time 准时on the top of 在上面 on the run 正在逃跑out of:out of action 失灵 out of breath 气喘吁吁out of control 失去限制 out of danger 脱离危急out of doors 在户外 out of fashion 时常新out of hand 失去限制 out of order 坏了out of reach 无法得到(拿到) out of sig
23、ht 看不见out of temper 发脾气 out of question 不行能out of touch(with) 和失去联络 out of tune 走调out of use 不再运用 out of work 失业2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语:day after day 日复一日地 year after year 年复一年one after another 一个接一个地 one by one 一个接一个little by little 一点一点地 side by side 并肩step by step 一步步地 face to face 面对面arm in arm 手挽手地 ha
24、nd in hand 手牵手地day to day 日常的 day by day 一天一天地day before yesterday 前天 day after tomorrow 后天heart to heart 互相交心的)还有一些成语包含两个介词:from beginning to end 从头至尾 from bad to worse 越来越糟from time to time 时常地 from head to foot 浑身from morning to night 从早到晚 from start to finish 从头至尾from door to door 挨门挨户地 from pla
25、ce to place 到各地from generation to generation 一代一代地 from cover to cover (书面) 全部地,从头至尾4)此外,“be+形容词+介词”也是一类成语:be found of 喜爱 be full of 充溢 be interested in 对有爱好 be keen on 热衷于be confident in 对有信念 be short of 缺乏be sick of 厌恶 be proud of 对感到傲慢be loyal to 对忠诚 be ashamed of 为感到羞愧be worried about 为担忧 be awa
26、re of 意识到be busy with 忙于(某事) be different from 和不同be famous for 因而知名三、介词的省略1. 在一些构造中,动名词前面的介词 in 经常可以省略;在另一些构造中,介词 from 经常可以省略。中学生常见的这类构造有:be busy (in) doing sthbe kept busy (in) doing sthbe engaged (in) doing sth have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sthspend time (in) doing sthprevent sb (from) doi
27、ng sthstop sb (from) doing sthIt is no use (in) doing somethingThere is no use/ good (in) doing sth但是,当 spend time in doing sth, prevent/ stop somebody from doing sth 中的 spend, prevent 和 stop 为被动语态时,介词 in 和 from 一般不行省略。例如:They spent a large sum of money (in) building the tower. A large sum of money
28、was spent in building the tower.The heavy rain prevented us (from) attending the lecture. We were prevented from attending the lecture by the heavy rain.2. 由 what, whose, how, when, whether 等引导的名词性从句或不定式短语作介词宾语时,其前的 of, about 通常可以省略。例如:She has no idea (of) what to do.Im not aware (of) how he got it.
29、He hesitated (about) what to do next.Im too old to care (about) what I look like.3. 引导时间段的介词 for 和表示行为方式的 way 前面的介词 in 常可省略。例如:The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks.He lived alone (for) ten years.Dont treat her (in) that way.表示时间段的 for 短语出如今句首或否认句中时, for 一般不能省略。例如:We havent seen each other for tw
30、o years.For many years, he lived in the shed alone.4. age, color, weight, length, width, height, design, shape, size 等名词作介词 of 的宾语,而且 of 短语在句中作表语时, of 可以省略。例如:The two machines are (of) the same design.The boys are (of) the same height .It is (of) no use to me.中考连接1. (2011清远,27)We should protect the
31、animals _danger.A:on B:in C:of D:at2. (2011深圳,7)Do you often go swimming _Sunday morningsYes.Why notwith me this SundayA:on;go B:in;to go C:on;going D:in;going3. (2011广东,32)Its time_the weather report.Turn on the radio,please.A:to B:in C:at D:for4. (2010阳江,26) I waited for a bus for a long time.I gave up _and walked home.A:at first B:at least C:in the end D:at the beginning5. (2010汕头,30)Wushu is becoming more and more popular _westerners.A:among B:between C:in D:within
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