高考英语知识点之时态1.docx

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1、高考英语学问点之时态1. 一般如今时 表示客观事实或一般真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100oC.表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示常常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常及表频率的时间状语连用。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.表示知觉、看法、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般如今时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、not

2、ice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般如今时代替将来时。但要留意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be ple

3、ased.假如你情愿承受并参与我们的舞会，我的家人会特别兴奋。少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般如今时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、支配或支配要发生的动作。当be表示依据时间或事先支配，确定会出现的状态，只用一般如今时。The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.2. 一般过去时一般过去时的根本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常及表示过去详细的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境示意）；用于表达过去的习

4、惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或盼望的事通常用过去式。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如

5、：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you / I think of thatI didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.3

6、. 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常及表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进展时的形式表示将来时。be going to及will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区分：be going to 表示如今准备在最近或将来要做某事，这种准备往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话

7、时临时作出的确定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)be to do sth.表按支配、支配即将发生的动作，还可表示叮嘱、吩咐、制止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is abo

8、ut to start.4. 如今进展时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不确定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的支配或支配；go、come等起止动作可用进展时代替将来时。如：It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)The girl is always talking

9、 loud in public.(及always、often等频度副词连用，表常常反复的行动或某种感情色调)下面四类动词不宜用如今进展时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官

10、的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。5. 过去完成时常用过去完成时的几种状况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的盼望、准备、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned /

11、meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarce

12、ly had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.6. 过去将来时参照一般将来时比照：用would do、

13、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进展时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。7. 过去进展时过去某一时刻正在进展的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。8. 如今完成时如今完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、i

14、n recent years等。下列句型中常用如今完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，如今完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written i

15、t.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.9. 时态区分一般过去时及如今完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。结果上有差异：如今完成时强调的是对“如今”的影响和结果，动作到如今刚完成或还在接着；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和如今毫无关系。过去完成时及一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如

16、出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。2、被动语态考察要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的根本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）运用被动语态时应留意的几个问题。主动改变被动时双宾语的改变。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on m

17、y birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid a

18、ttention to.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等构造变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He

19、is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种状况。全部的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、

20、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“盼望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或互相代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特殊是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当c

21、ut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开场、完毕、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan work

22、ed out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受指责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种状况。be seate

23、d坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被动语态及系表构造的区分被动语态强调动作；系表构造表主语的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动

24、语态)The book is well sold.(系表构造)二、精典名题导解选择填空1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难推断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般如今时，而visitor及request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,原委是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清晰，也不必知道，因此须要用被动语态。分析visitors

25、及request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change解析：答案为A。此题考察如今进展时态的用法。句意为“选择一部挪动 不是一件简单的事，因为科技开展得特别快速。”本句的主句一般如今时表达的是目前的状况，而“科技开展快速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此

26、只能用如今进展时表达。3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A pleted B pleteC.had been completed D.have been completed解析：答案为D。如今完成时表示过去年做的事对如今的影响。从and were ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开场工作了。complete是及物动词，及句子的主语是被动关系，所以须要用被动语态表达。留意分清complete及主语之间的关系；结合语境选择正确时态。10. 动词的时态及

27、语态习题 1We could have walked to the stationIt was so near YesA taxi at all necessary Awasnt Bhadnt been Cwouldnt be Dwont be2When I got to the cinema，the film for the minutes Ahas begun Bhad begun Chad been on Dwas on3If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner tableA ar

28、e not kept；will have to Bare not kept；have toCdo not keep；will have to Ddo not keep；have to4In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar. Ais serving Bis severed Cserves Dserved5Do you like the material Yes，it vety soft Ais feeling Bfelt Cfeels Dis felt6I dont really work hereI until the new s

29、ecretary arrives Ajust help out Bhave just helped out Cam just helping out Dwill just help out7You havent been to Beijing，have you How I wish to go there! AYesI have BYes，I havent CNoI have DNo，I havent8It is reported that by the end of this year，another school will Abe built Bhave built Chave been

30、built Dhave be built9Hey，look where you are going! 0h，Im terribly sorry AIm not noticing B1 wasnt noticing CI havent noticed DI dont notice10How are you today Oh，I as ill as I do now for a long timeAdidnt feel Bwasnt feeling Cdont fee Dhavent feltl1Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but soon t

31、o his old ways Areturned Breturns Cwas returning Dhad returned12All the preparations for the task ，and were ready to start Acompleted Bcomplete Chad been completed Dhave been completed13He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment Ahas no sooner got Bwas supposed to Cwill no sooner get Dhave n

32、o sooner got14The train arrive at 11：30 but it was an hour late Awould suppose Bwas supposed to Cis supposed to Dsupposed to15He stepped into the office， down and began to fill in the forms Asitting Bto sit Csat Dhaving sat16The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she was

33、nt ever going to find itAhad cried；1ost Bcried；had loseChas cried；has lost Dcries；has 1ost17Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town Ahas set up Bhas been set up Cwas set up Dis set up18Linda has 1ost her passport againIts the second time this Ahas happened Bhas been happened

34、Chappened Dhappens19Sorry，I forgot to post the letter for you. Never mind， it myself tonight AIm going to post BId better to post CIll post DId rather post20He his leg when he in a football match against another schoo1 Abroke；played Bwas breaking；was playing Cbroke；was playing Dwas breaking；played21

35、Where the recorder I Cant see it anywhere I it right hereBut now its gone Adid you put；have put Bhave you put put Chad you put；was putting Dwere you putting；have put22Hello! I you in LondonHow long have you been here Adont know；were Bhadnt known；are Chave known；are Ddidnt know；were23Come on，PeterI w

36、ant to show you something Oh，how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift. Anever think；are going Bnever thought；were going Cdidnt think；were going Dhadnt thought；were going24All the teachers in this schoo1 are Aclean dressing Bcleanly dressing Cclean dressed Dcleanly dressed25When I was at college I t

37、hree foreign languages，but I all except a few words of each Aspoke；had forgotten Bspoke；have forgotten Chad spoken；had forgotten Dhad spoken；have forgotten26Have you moved into the new house Not yetThe rooms Aare being painted Bare painting Care painted Dare being painting27Excuse me，sirWould you do

38、 me a favor of courseWhat is it I if you could tell me how to fill out this form Ahad wondered Bwas wondering Cwould wonder Ddid wonder28We havent heard from Jane for a long time What do you suppose to her Awas happening Bto happen Chas happened Dhaving happened29I wonder why Jenny us recentlyWe sho

39、uld have heard from her by now Ahasnt written Bdoesnt write Cwont write Dhadnt written30Mary a dress when she cut her finger Amake Bis making Cwas making Dmakes31Do you know our town at all No，this is the first time I here Awas Bhave been Ccame Dam coming32The last time I Jane she cotton in the fiel

40、ds Ahad seen；was picking Bsaw；picked Chad seen；picked Dsaw；was picking33Tom into the house when no one Aslipped；was looking Bhad slipped；looked Cslipped；had looked Dwas slipped；looked34We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon A1eaves Bwould leave C1eft Dhad left35 The pen I I

41、is on my desk，right under my nose Athink；lost Bthought；had lost Cthink；had lost Dthought；have 1ost36Can I join the club，DadYou can when you a bit older Aget Bwill get Care getting Dwill have got37Im sorry to keep you waiting 0h，not at a11I here only a few minutes Ahave been Bhad been Cwas Dwill be38You dont have to describe her I her several times Ahad met Bhave met Cmet Dmost