专八改错2000年2011年真题及答案.docx

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1、2000 年-2019 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析 By 兰银清以下答案以上外老师给出的答案为参考答案2019年专八真题改错局部From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1_seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was ou

2、traging my true nature and that 2_soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3_ I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4_on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagre

3、eing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7_being isolated and undervalued. I knew

4、that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8_a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9_in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious i.e. seriously 10_intended writing which I produced all through my chil

5、dhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.第 24 页1， 在grow后加up, 考固定短语2， 改consience为consciousness 考词语区分，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3， 改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4， 在child前加middle,

6、考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中的那位5改disagreeing 为disagreeable ，disagreeing只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人厌烦的习惯6， 改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区分 imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”7， 改literal 为literary , 考词义区分， literal翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方面的”8， 去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的根本用法9， 在world后加in或者

7、改which为where, 考定语从句10， 改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness, 考语境。2019年专八真题改错局部So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1_the things their speakers want to say. 2_Th

8、ere may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive3_peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is s

9、aid, can speak aboutsnow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6_in English, a show o

10、f unexpected primitiveness. The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar7_ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8_for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in whichEnglishwas habitually used made such distinction

11、as important. 9_ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life. 10_1 be后插入 as; asas引导的比拟级2 their改为its; its代替every language3 There改为It; It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后

12、面的不定式4 Whereas改为But ； 语境须要表示转折的连词，whereas表示比照5 further 改为much further不能修饰比拟级6 come改为bring; (sth)come to light , bring sth to light bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 提示英语的缺陷7 similar改为different; 依据语境应当用different8 will改为would; 虚拟语气9 as important去掉as; 10 the par

13、t去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语 09专八改错原题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passe

14、d on again when the (2)_little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even (3)_grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme andtransmittingit may be something from twenty to seventy years. With (4)_the playgroundlore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)_on

15、within the very hourit is learnt; and in the general, it passes (6)_between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have beencurrently for a hundred years, o

16、reven just for fifty, it follows that it (7)_has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed (8)_along a chain of two or threehundred young hearers and tellers, andthe wonder is that it remains liveafter so much handling, (9)_to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)_(1) t

17、he further difference改为a further difference（此次应当用不定冠词表示泛指）(2) 改when 为until, 构造not.until翻译为“直到才”(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一样）(4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore改为however （依据上下文逻辑关系）(6) in the general去掉the （习惯用法in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）(7) currently 改为current （这里起的是表语的作用

18、，须要形容词而不是副词）(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一样）(9) live 改为 alive alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说2019年专八真题 短文改错 The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has

19、 played a prominent _1_part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate _2_a given language to show that they are distinctive from another _3_ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States _4_split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence

20、 should be linguistically accepted by the use of a _5_different language from those of Britain. There was even one _6_ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to Engl

21、ish _7_ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone _8_ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. _9_Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world _10_that political independence and national id

22、entity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.1. in result 改成in consequence， 2 moves改成movements. 3 distinctive改成distinct或different4 在time后加when 5 accepted 改成realized 6 those改成that 7 删除on, 8 At 改成In9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with 10 now改成 ago07专八真题 短

23、文改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1_records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2_emerging state. It is often said, of course, that th

24、e language 3_originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4_necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries 5_than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such

25、evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6_other grounds too the theory is not very attractive. People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7_such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly

26、 different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8_between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9_whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be

27、 learnt and that are 10_wholly conventional. 1, 改and为or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否认句中用or2, 改show为showing, 如今分词作定语 3， 删除the, 表示泛指4，改and为but, 依据语境此处是转折5，改 large为larger, 后面有than, 应当用比拟级6，改in为on, on other grounds “ 基于其它理由”，为固定搭配7，改return为response , in response to “对作出

28、反响”8，删除on, emphasize sth emphasize是及物动词 9，在large前加a, extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。 to a large extent翻译为“在很大程度上”10，改 these为 those those that/who为固定形式 2019专八短文改错We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words an

29、d meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2_message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4_thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to

30、the other English 5_speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-ly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6_But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more than a psyc

31、hological reality for the individual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_member of his linguistic community; he bas to give the system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8_common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced

32、by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9_among most striking of human achievements. 10_1, 改agreeing为agreed agreed conventions翻译为“风俗” 2，words前加the, 此处为特指3，改in为at at ones disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4， 改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules保持一样5，

33、删除the, 此处须要泛指 6，改 old为older, 此处须要比拟级7， 改seen为understood，system应当是被理解 8， 删除it take sth for granted take it for granted that9, 改 or为and ,语境须要并列关系而不需选择关系 10， most前加the, 形容词最高级中that一般不能省略2019年专八真题短文改错The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases fo

34、r next year much steeper than the current, very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1_ stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuati

35、ons in income; and increasingly the 2_ outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3_ business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4_ increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income

36、from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5_ graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor ones job prospects, 6_ the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education, in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to stu

37、dents 7_ include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8_ Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9_ rigors of competition, uni

38、versities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the I

39、vy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10_ customer.1. investing应改为invested，过去分词作定语2. 在irrespective和fluctuation

40、s之间加上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不管，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变更。3. 把those改为that， that此处代替outlook4在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.5把定冠词the去掉, in school表示上学这个抽象意义6把形容词poor改为其比拟级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一比照拟关系，表示“越越”7在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。8这里应当用动词的lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型构造与前面的givi

41、ng(students a governance role)保持一样，否则句子构造和意思都显得不正确。9将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。10将to give discounts on改为to give discounts to their best customer。意为实业公司给最好的客户供应实惠。 Give discounts to sb为固定短语 2019改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power

42、to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)_purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)_Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and perf