人教版高一英语必修一Unit知识点梳理及练习带.docx

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1、人教版高一英语必修一Unit2学问点梳理及练习带解析1. 重点词汇official adj 正式的正式的.公务的 voyage n 航行航海conquer 折服.占据 because of 因为native 本土的；本地的 n 本地人本国人 come up 走近，上来提出actually事实上，事实上 base依据 n 基部；基地，墓础 at present 如今；目前 gradual 渐渐的.逐步的 enrich 使富有；充溢，改善 make use of 利用 运用 latter 较后的后平的；两者中后者的 . fluent 流利的.流畅的 frequent adj 常见的常见的 usag

2、e 运用.用法.词语惯用法 command吩咐；指令；驾驭request恳求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表示表达 midwestern 中西部的.有中西部特性的 African adj 非洲的：非洲人的；非洲语言的 play a part ( in 扮演个角色：参及 2.短语归纳1. 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from one another4. 及现代英语不同 be different from modern

3、 / present day English 5. 世界英语 world Englishes6. 起着的重要作用 play an important role / part7. 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role9. 国际语言 an international language10. 在16世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century11. 在17世纪初 at the beginning

4、 of the 17 th century12. 在20世纪前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何时候都 than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德语为根底 be based on German16. 运用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色 its own identity18. 众多讲英语的人a very large number of English speakers19. 学英语的人数 the number of people lea

5、rning English20. 快速增长increase rapidly21. 标准英语standard English22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English24. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 25. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形势 present situation28. 国际组织 an international o

6、rganization29. 词汇及惯用法 vocabulary and usage30. 识别出他的腔调 recognize his accent31. 中西部地区的方言 midwestern dialect(s)32. 发出吩咐 give commands33. 提出客气的恳求 make a polite request要点提炼 Section A重要词语辨析1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【说明】voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942.j

7、ourney: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，间隔 较远，多指陆地They will make a journey to Beijing by train.travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游We had six days travel by car.trip: (短途)旅行The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall.tour: 为了公务、消遣或教化参观多处名胜的旅行We will make a tour of Hainan next week.【练习】用上面所供应的辨析词的适当形式填空1). It is tiring to ta

8、ke a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.1. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟识，经过一段时间的间隔或别的缘由后又重新认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的理解。(3)know 是

9、持续性动词，指互相间特别熟识、特别理解应用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room2. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物及前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，干脆跟所列举的事物，可及 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否那么就用 that i

10、s或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较敏捷，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进展列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on进展概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。应用2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths, English and PE.(2)Overcooking(烹饪过

11、度), _， destroys many nutrients(养分素).(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.3. especially/ specially【说明】especially意思是“尤其，特殊，表达事物的不寻常或特殊重要specially 指为了某一目的，特地做某事【练习】用上面所供应的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Our city is very beautiful, _ in spring. 我们城市很

12、美丽，尤其在春天。2). He came here _ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。4 a number of / the number of【说明】a number of意思是“假设干；很多the number of意思是“的数目【练习】用上面所供应的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). _ books in the market are in English.重要词性变更 1. actual adj. 实际的actually

13、adv. 事实上；事实上2. base n. 基地；根底base v. 以为依据basic adj. 根本的3. east n. 东方eastern adj. 东方的；东部的【练习】用括号内所供应词的适当形式填空1) What did he _ say (actual)2) The _ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)3My knowledge of physics is pretty _. (base)4She used her familys history as a _ for her novel. (base)5Th

14、is novel is _ on historical facts. (base)6He is interested in _ customs. (determine)7) The wind is blowing from the _. (determine)重点词汇，短语，句式1.official adj.正式的；正式的；公务的You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件

15、事进展正式调查。【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同1， official常指政府官员或行政官员2， officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。练习：我爸爸是军官，而他爸爸是政府官员。My father is an_ in the army, while his father is an_ in the government.2. voyage n.航行；航海；航天The voyage from America to France used to take two months.从美国到法国的航行通常要花2个月的时间。例题：他们要进展横越大西

16、洋的航行。They want to_ _ _ across the Atlantic.从水手辛伯达的几次旅行中，他学会了很多关于大海的学问。From _ _ of the sailor Sinbad, he knew a lot about the sea.3. native adj. 本土的；外乡的 n.本地人，本国人The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。Finally, she returned to her native land.她最终返回了她的祖国。The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。【留意】native

17、做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。be native to 意为动植物是特有的，原产于The tiger is native to India, 这种虎产于印度。4. actually adv. 事实上；事实上 相当于in fact/ as a matter of factHe looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起来很镇静，事实上却特别惊慌。Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed.或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想

18、我还是去睡觉吧。【其他】actually adv.尽然；竟然He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然希望我给他付票钱。actual adj. 实在的；实际的；事实上；的确What were his actual words 他究竟怎么说的？5. base vt. 以为根底 n.根底；基地；I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把盼望寄予在我们昨天的得到的好消息上。This provides a good base for the development of new te

19、chniques.这为新技术的开展奠定了良好的根底。base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的依据或根底be base on 以为根底on the base of 以为根底an air base 空军基地The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为根底的。One should always base ones opinions on facts.一个人的观点应当以事实为根底。6gradual adj.渐渐的，逐步的gradually adv.渐渐地，逐步地Things gradually improved. 状况已经慢慢地改善。gradual adj.渐

20、渐的，逐步的This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother.他对待继母的看法正在渐渐变更。7. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life.在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦。【留意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常及the former(前者)相对应They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour th

21、e latter.留意区分later 后来 8. frequent adj. 常见的；常见的His visit became less frequent as time passed.随时时间的消逝，他慢慢不常登门了。frequently adv. 经常；常见的Buses run frequently from the city to the airport.公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。词组1. because of 因为；由于典例1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。短语归纳because of 是复合介词。because 是附属连词，引

22、导缘由状语从句。练习 He came late to school again _ he got up too late. The girl cried _ what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.because of的近义词组thanks to 因为；由于as a result of 由于的缘由by reason of 因为due to 因为，由于owing to 归功于Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的扶植，我按时完后了任务

23、。I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气缘由我只能呆在家里。2 e up走近；上来；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向生疏人走去，并告知他去警察局的路。3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上确定会被提出来的。5). I am afraid something urgent has

24、 come up. 唯恐发生了什么急事。短语归纳come across邂逅 偶遇come about发生 come at向扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with想出come true实现 come down下来；传承练习 用come构成的词组填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.

25、4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.3. at present 如今，目前 1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 唯恐如今我没法扶植你。3

26、). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 依据目前的状况，我建议你等等。I am afraid I cant help you just at present -I am too basy.唯恐如今我帮不了你，我太忙了。重点用法at present=at the present time=now 目前，如今be present at 出席；到场(反义： be absent from)present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人【留意】present作为adj.“如今的；当前的讲时，常做前置定语

27、；而做“出席的，到场的讲时，常做后置定语。He doesnt know how to deal with the present problem.他不知道那么呢么应对当前的局势。The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.出席会议的人都是先进工作者。练习 中译英1). 全部那些在场者一眼就看出那个错误。2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。4. make use of 利用；运用典例 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应当好好

28、利用时机练习英语。use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。短语归纳make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用use up 用完，耗尽You are not making the best (use) of your talents.你并没有充分发挥你的才能。练习1). 要充分利用一切时机说英语。2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。5. such as例如；像这种的1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪

29、莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了关于such as for example that is and so on 见辨析练习 用such as或for example填空1). I like drinks _ tea and soda.2). The report is incomplete; it doesnt include sales in France, _.句型 1.Why not go by underground 为什么不坐地

30、铁去呢？Why not +V原 句式，表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意。=why dont you/we do2. Which country do you think has the most English learners说明本句包含一个构造，疑问词+do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose/suggest +陈述句 此构造又称为双重疑问句，用来征询对某一观点的看法，推断，相识，猜测和恳求，表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后确定要用陈述句语序。留意：假如插入语是do you suggest时，句中的谓语动词应用should+动词原

31、形 What timedoyouexpect we willcome and pick you up？你盼望我们几点来接你？ Whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Whydoyouthinktheir team could win the football match 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than e

32、ver before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或者外语。说明 than ever before 常及比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习 中译英1). 简看起来比以前美丽多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。【拓展】：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matte

33、r when/what., whenever, wherever, however 等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不行以加冠词。Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.即使你们在工作中获得了宏大的成果，也不应当自满。Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is, he wont take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as

34、 she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。即境活用1(2007浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow that Ceven though Dso that4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们

35、所讲的语言不尽一样，也可以互相理解。 句中even if 是连接词组，用来引导一个让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管相当于even thoughWe wouldnt buy the car even if we could afford it.即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不会买这辆车。【留意】此句型主将从现的用法We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆。【辨析】even though/if 和 as if/thougheven though/if 表示“尽管；即使引导让步状语从句as if/

36、though 表示“好像引导方式状语从句或表语从句，其从句一般用虚拟语气，假设所陈述的状况很有可能实现，也可以用陈述语气。Even if he is poor, she loves him .Tom looks as if he were an artist.5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today.首先，大约在公园450年到1150年间，英国人所说的英语及今日所说的英语很不不一样。本句中两个English后面都跟

37、了过去分词spoken做后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is/was spoken,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。Have you read any short stories written by Lu XunThe building built there is our lab.【留意】过去分词作定语的时候，单个的分词作定语的时候，一般位于其修饰的名词前；分词短语作定语，一般位于其修饰你的名词之后，被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词及被修饰词之间存在动宾关系。The stolen car was found by the police last week.警察

38、上周找到了那辆失窃的车。Section B重点词汇，短语，句式1. usage n.运用；用法；词语惯用法Its not a word in common usage.这不是一个常用词。Car usage is predicted to increase. 汽车的运用频率预料会增长。【辨析】use和usage 作为名词，两者都有“运用之意，但是用法略有不同。Usage做“用法讲的时候，侧重某物的运用方法或惯用法，做“运用，利用的时候，侧重于事物的运用频率。use做名词用时，意为“用，运用，得到利用，强调的是某物“被运用的事实或状态。current English usage 当代英语惯用法la

39、nd usage 土地的利用I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能确定我的时间这样支配是最有价值的。【例题】I dont know the _ of the world. The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _ today.usage use 2. command n.& v. 吩咐；指令；驾驭1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官吩咐士兵们开火。重点用法 comma

40、nd sb. to do sth 吩咐某人做某事 be under the command of 由指挥,由限制in command of 限制 be at ones command 听任某人支配have / take command of 指挥特殊提示 command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气 should(not)+动词原形，should可省略The general commanded that we (should) attack at once.将军吩咐我们马上进攻。练习 用适当的介词填空1). For the first time in years, she felt _ com

41、mand of her life.2). The army is _ the kings direct command.3). The police arrived and took command _ the situation.3. request n.& v. 恳求；要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的恳求可以获准。. 2). I requested him to help. 我恳求他扶植。重点用法at the request of sb = at ones request 依据某人的要求/恳求in request 有需求，受欢迎by re

42、quest 按照恳求，应邀request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(被动形式：sb be requested to do sth)request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事request做动词，如后接从句作宾语，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分要用should(not)+动词原形，should可省略She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision until the next meeting.她要求在下次开会之前不要告知任何人她的确定。【扩展】像request /command一样，其后的

43、名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)；两个“吩咐(order，command)；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)； He requested me _ (write) a letter of recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports. 练习 中译英。1

44、). 我是特殊应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。三者都有“要求的意思，但是用法略有不同。(1)假设要某人做某事ask最通俗，最口语化。(2)request主要用于较正式的讲话和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动语态。(3)beg是以谦恭的姿态要求赐予扶植，可以为“祈求I asked her to shut the window.Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car.乘客请勿在车厢内吸烟。He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him.重点句型：It is not

45、 easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native English speaker.对于中国人来说，把英语讲的像以英语为母语的人那样是很不简单的。本句中含有一个It+be+形容词/名词+for sb to do sth 句型。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，介词for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。It is not easy for her to solve the problem by herself.对于她而言，单独解决这个问题不简单。It will be a mistake for you no