人教版版八年级下册英语一至三单元知识点.docx

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1、Unit 1 Whats the matter 1.What s the matter with you= Whats the trouble with you = What s wrong with you 你怎么了？ matter 与trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么费事、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即：Whats the matter with sb. = Whats your trouble = Whats up = What happens to sb.2. I had

2、a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ache（难受）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太. ，too much+名词，意为 许多，大量 。

3、5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7.sound like+名词代词与从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，似乎”，The music sounds nice.8. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主

4、语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.9. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车10. agree 同意，赞同;agree with sth. 同意某事agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 12. be in trouble遇到费事，make trouble 制造费事 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulti

5、es (in) doing sth做.有费事。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 立刻 。14.【复习】 advice 不行数名词劝说，建议，向征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.15. hurt 及物动词，使难受，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.16. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 Th

6、e boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。17. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become us

7、ed to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，渐渐适应”强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.18. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物:sth. run out. 某物用完了。 人:sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物。He run out of all his money last night.19. risk (sb.)

8、 to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 20. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的21. decision 【名词】确定；选择； make a decision 做确定 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth

9、. 。22. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法限制，无法管理 be under control被限制住，在限制之中23.mind意为 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window24. give up (doi年g) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身

10、代词，在运用时应留意与它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样。数 人称 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语与主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语与主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作

11、主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照看自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋，过得开心 help oneself to sth 请自用（随意吃/喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 lea

12、ve sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己提示1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有全部格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，需要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画

13、。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、根本学问点1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区分ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得兴奋

14、；激昂起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分发；散发=hand out.The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to

15、do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调如今已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告知我关于这里过去的故事。 6. alone 【形容词】单独一人的，无感情色调：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独孤独的，带有很强的感情色调，可做表语或定语。The lon

16、ely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照看；照料 care 【名词】留神，关切take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关切，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 细致的 / careless 马虎的 【副词】carefully 细致地 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美妙的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的竞赛 such+形容词+复数名词/不行数名词：su

17、ch important decisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物 假如名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参与选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验10. journey （尤指长途）旅行行程；trip多指短途旅行；travel travel around the

18、 world 【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 12. try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担忧某人、某事 14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱 raise【动词】举起；进步；募集15.

19、 keep【动词】keep+名词，保存（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken破损的，出缺点的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失实力的；在句中做定语与表语。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能， make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为； think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, m

20、uch等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty【可数/不行数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不行数；表示详细的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth.

21、对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.22. order【名词】吩咐，指示；依次，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23. change【动词】变更，变更Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变更；零 change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【f

22、ix up修理=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth 请你（做）.好吗？用于提出恳求，盼望得到对方的确定答复，说话的语气比拟客气委婉。 Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。答复用can.【常用答语】确定答复：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否认答复： Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出（v+

23、adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 漫步 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞3.Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗1.do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 2.do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 清扫卫生构造3.do ones + 名词 do ones homework

24、 做家庭作业4.do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物4、 Could I at least finish watching this show 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】Could I do sth 我可以做.吗？用于表达恳求，语气比拟委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend2】at least 至少，。(反) at most 至少，不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.3】

25、finish v 完毕；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、间隔 、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time.【留意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词

26、时，置于形容词之后。Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others. 6、Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？take 的用法： 1.拿 取 Please take some books to the classroom.2. 吃，喝服用 Take this medicine three times a day. 3.乘They usually take the bus

27、to work. 4.花费时间/金钱It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照看 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；渐渐来 take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】the minute =

28、 as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】 in front of 指在物体外部的【记】The policeman stood _in front of_ the car. in the front of 指在物体内部的前面The driver sat _in the front of_ the car.有the无the区分大 at table 吃饭；进餐 at the table 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不确定看病）come 短语 ：come

29、across（偶尔）发觉 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,诞生于come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点 come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮助做家务！all the time = always 8. Im jus

30、t as tired as you are! 我与你一样累！ 【解析】as.as . 与.一样.9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不 neither nor 既不也不, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”

31、 The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find found found v找寻 (1) find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发觉做某事很困难 She found _it_ ha

32、rd to finish the work by herself. 11. She asked in surprise.她惊讶地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊异地；惊讶地 surprise v 使惊讶surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 surprised adj. 惊讶的 to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 be surprised at 对感到惊讶12. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a cl

33、ean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我最终理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我答复说。【解析1】need v 需要用于确定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否认句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要 (2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，确定会的用must,否认答复用neednt Must I go there now

34、Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 共享；共用 share sth 共享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人共享某物 (All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match.13. Could you please pass me the salt你能把盐递给我吗 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通过；路过 I pass your home.

35、v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book我能借下你那本书看吗、 Could you lend me some money你能借我一些钱吗？(1) borrow ,与from 连用，尤指主语“借进来”borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2) lend ,与to 搭配指借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesnt want to lend his bo

36、ok to others.(3) (3)keep 保存，保存（持续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me, because Tom had _kept_ it for two days.16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。(1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某

37、事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我厌烦做家务。hate to do sth 厌烦做某事, 表示某次详细行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth不情愿做某事 表示常常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could I ask you to help me with some c

38、hores then那我能恳求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 恳求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人恳求扶植 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth恳求某人做某事ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help寻求扶植19.Ill finish my homework while you help me with t

39、he dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock【解析2】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是持续动词。While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上扶植某人。help v 扶植 helpful adj. 有扶植

40、的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 扶植某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的扶植之下(3)without the help of 没有在的扶植之下1.I think reading is very helpful.2.Without your help, we couldnt catch the thief.20. Could I invite my friends to a party 我能邀请我的挚友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】invit

41、e v invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮助做家务与杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得 (1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2

42、) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务与做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在奢侈他们的时间。a waste of 奢侈 a waste of time 奢侈时间 a waste of money 奢侈金 waste time/money on sth wa

43、ste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了获得好成果并考上一所好高校，他们应当把时间用在学习上。in order to 目的是；为了后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事He ran quickly in order not to be late for the meeting.【解析2】get into =en

44、ter 进入 【拓展】与get相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克制 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丧失 get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为做打算 get ready to do sth.打算做某事 get well康复 get a chance 有时机、得到时机get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着) 25.Also,w

45、hen they get older, they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now. 而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要如今在做。 get/ become/ go辨析： get+adj较多地与形容词比拟级连用。The days are getting longer and longer. become 强调变更的结果 Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿26. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们供给一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人供给某物 provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供给某人某物 相当于