人教高中英语知识点梳理.docx

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1、 高中课本学问分布必修一1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第一单元：一般如今时，如今进展时，be going to 第二单元：一般过去时，过去进展时，如今完成时 第三单元：被动语态，情态动词 3. 全书单词数量为：204个 词组数量为：44个必修二1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第四单元：一般将来时will和be going to的区分，真实条件句和虚拟条件句，让步状语从句 第五单元：缘由、结果、目的状语从句 第六单元：表示时间、地点、动作的介词，定语从句，冠词3. 全书单词数量为：229个 词组数量为：23个必修三1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第七单元：关系副词，介词+wh

2、ich引导的定语从句，形容词的比拟级 第八单元：限制性和非限制性定语从句，静态动词和动态动词 第九单元：如今完成进展时态，如今完成时态和如今完成进展时态3. 全书单词数量为：262个 词组数量为：40个必修四1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第十单元：不定代词和动词不定式 第十一单元：被动语态，动名词作主语，宾语，表语，定语 第十二单元：跟动名词或不定式作宾语的动词，如今分词作副词，作表语，定语，宾语补足语3. 全书单词数量为：330个 词组数量为：24个 高一共计单词1025，词组131必修五1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第十三单元：过去分词在句中可作形容词或副词用，修饰名词，在

3、句中作定语，宾语补足语或表语 第十四单元：情态动词表示推想 第十五单元：虚拟语气3. 全书单词数量为：313个 词组数量为：25个选修六1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第十六单元：过去完成时 第十七单元：过去完成进展时1 第十八单元：过去完成进展时23. 全书单词数量为：245个 词组数量为：31个选修七1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第十九单元：名词性从句 第二十单元：将来完成时和将来进展时 第二十一单元：混合虚拟条件句和情态动词3. 全书单词数量为：340个 词组数量为：13个选修八1. 共有三个单元2. 各单元学问点 第二十二单元：被动态和表示报道的表达 第二十三单元：强调句

4、和各种完成时的形态（将来完成时，如今完成时，过去完成时，如今完成进展时，如今分词的完成时及情态动词加完成时的用法） 第二十四单元：劝告的表达3. 全书单词数量为：375个 词组数量为：61个 高二共计单词1273，词组130个 高中共计单词2298，词组261北师大版高中英语语法总结（必修一 选修八）必修一一、present simple and present continuous 一般如今是和如今进展时1，present simple: 反复进展的，常常性的动作（惯例习惯）Eg, He watches soap operas.及状态 I live in Budapest.一般如今时常和下列

5、时间状语连用：always, usually, from, time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, never.2,如今进展时：说话时正在进展的动作（如今，此刻）确定时间段内常常进展的动作和如今进展时连用的时间状语有just, now, at the moment, at present.二、future：arrangements and intentions 将来的支配和准备1、be going to 表示准备要做的事情。2、如今进展时表示已经确定或支配好事情。Eg, Im getting married in Ju

6、ne.3、一般如今是表示不行变更的官方活动或时辰表The summer term begins on the 15th of February.三、past simple and past continues1,psat simple ：一般过去时，表示过去完成的动作或过去的情境和习惯。Eg: She climb the stairs and went to her room.用一般过去时要在规则动词词尾加-ed，或用不规则动词的过去式，一般过去式的疑问句和否认句用did 和didnt 加动词原形。2、past continuous过去进展时：过去某段时间正在进展的动作形成某些事务发生的情境动

7、作。Eg, It was raining during the whole match.当过去进展时和一般过去时出如今同一个句子中时，过去进展时描绘故事发生的背景，儿一般过去时则报道该事务。Eg， We driving along a country lane when, suddenly a car drove past us.Form: 过去进展时的构造是：主语+was /were +动词-ing形式。Eg， The driver was sitting behind the wheel.四、present perfect and past simple。如今完成时和一般过去式，如今完成时

8、表示发生在过去的事情对如今依旧有明显的影响发生在过去的动作但是不知道动作发生的时间或对动作发生的准确时间不感爱好。如今完成时常常和下列时间状语连用：Before, ever, never, already, and , yet. already 用于确定句，yet 用于疑问句和否认句。Venus and Serena have played each other before.(重要的事他们过去进展了竞赛，但是何时竞赛并不重要如今完成时) Venus and Serena have played each other in June 1999.( 我们知道此事发生的准确时间一般过去时)五、Th

9、e passive 被动语态在下列状况下运用被动语态：1、不知道耶不须要知道谁做的这件事。2、动作的执行者“自不待言”3、动作本身比动作执行者更重要或不想指出谁做的这件事。4、在书面语特殊是在科技报告、报刊文章中被动语态比主动语态更正式。Form：Tense时态 form 形式 +past一般如今时 am/is/are +past participle 过去分词如今进展时 am/is/are being +pp如今完成时 have/has been +pp一般过去时 was/were +pp过去进展时 was/were being +pp六、have to/not have to, can/c

10、ant, ought to/ought not to uses 用法：have to 用来表示义务责任，You have to pass your test before you can drive.Dont have to 表达不必：We dont have to wear uniforms at our school.Can 用来表示允许或恳求答应或者表示某事可能发生。You can buy CDs at the market.Cant 表示制止或不行能：You cant go out tonight.Ought to 表示应当做某事。You ought to visit your gra

11、ndparents this weekend.Ought not to 表示不应当做某事You ought not to walk alone at night.Form 形式can/cant, have to/not have to 及ought to/ought not to 后用动词原形。如今完成时，一般如今时，一般过去时很多语言都有如今完成时态，因此常将它和一般如今时混淆，在英语中，用如今完成时描绘发生在过去但对如今又影响的事务。假如涉及到过去某时间，则要用一般过去时。假如过去事务的准确时间或日期不重要，也可以用如今完成时。必修二一、will 和be going to 表示推想揣想1、

12、Will+动词原形表示根据直觉学问阅历等做出的揣测。二、first conditional 真实条件句A表示根据其他将来事务将来有可能发生的事务。If the rain stops, the match will begin.句型是：if clause main clause if +present simple will/wont +infinitive/without to也可能用其他句型，特殊是运用情态动词时：If you have time, we can go for a walk this evening.B建议或吩咐某人做某事，提出建议或恳求：If you feel sleepy

13、, go to bed.句型是If clause main clause If +present simple imperative(祈使句)三.second conditional 虚拟条件句A虚拟条件句（1）表示想象的将来不行能发生的事If I become an MP, Id fight for animals rights.2)如今不行能存在的状态If I lived closer to school, I wouldnt have to get up so early.句型是If clause main clause If +past simple would /could /mig

14、ht +infinitive/without to 虚拟语气用法详解 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。在表示虚假的、及事实相反的或难以实现的状况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种剧烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，揣测，疑心或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气一、 条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种及客观现实不相符或根本不行能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不行能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)shoul

15、d + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形如今动词过去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 假如他要上清华高校的话，他就会充分利用

16、他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 假如他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 如今时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会扶植我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 假如他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟识。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我假如

17、看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告知你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 假如我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须留意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟构造及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try m

18、y best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次时机。(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区分对待。从句的动作及过去事实相反，而主句的动作及如今或如今正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 假如我在学校学习刻苦的话，我如今也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 假如他们通知过我们的话，我们如今就不会来这里了。从句的动作及如今事实相反，而主句的动作

19、及过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 假如他今日有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他相识她的话，他确定会去问候她了。从句的动作及过去发生的状况相反，而主句的动作及如今正在发生的状况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 假如天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been

20、 working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作始终努力的话，他如今已进了办公室了。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他容许去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 假如她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about comput

21、ers, we would have hired him to work here. 假如她懂一些电脑学问的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。(4) 有时，句子没有干脆给出假设状况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来推断。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的扶植，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great prog

22、ress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会获得如此大的进步。(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种剧烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应当会通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我如今在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若

23、用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就动身了以防迟到。(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from )：He

24、 goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清晰。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很细致以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的构造及if所引导的条件从句构造一样。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know

25、what to do. 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 刚好华佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气构造为： may +动词原形(指如今或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成

26、。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式(指过去) ，主句构造不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你获得了多么大的进步，你也不能傲慢。We must respect him no matter what /

27、whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必需敬重他。(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气构造为 should +动词原形，主句构造不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他常常迟到，他还是个好学生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必需遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as

28、if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的构造为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气构造发生在主句动作之前had + 过去分词及主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should+原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开场热情的议论起来就似乎他们已互相相识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就似乎有人要来了。4. 缘由状语从

29、句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的构造为： should + 原形动词(指如今或将来)。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊异他竟

30、答不出如此简洁的问题。 should + 完成式, 指过去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很缺憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很惊讶，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议)

31、表示恳求、要求、吩咐或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的构造为：(should) + 原形动词。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 教师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要一心一意地为人民效劳。但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：说明，暗含，示意等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟

32、语气。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑说明他在考试中胜利了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否认句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的构造为： should + 原形动词。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger 你能信任他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagi

33、ne that he should take the first place in the long jump contest 你能想象得到他在跳远竞赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不行能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的构造为表示所发生的时间虚拟语气构造发生在主句动作之前(1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词及主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should + 原形动词例如：I wi

34、sh I learnt English well. 我盼望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我盼望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他盼望我们能去跟他做嬉戏。4. 英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示及客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故运用虚拟语气。起虚拟语气的构造为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气构造过去had + 过去分词； 如今过去时(be 用were ) 将来过去时(be 用w

35、ere ) 例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你如今在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。四、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、可惜、缺憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常运用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的构造为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。句型：(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkab

36、le / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural that(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that (4

37、) It worries me that如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。It is strange that he should not come. 很惊奇，他竟没有来。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真缺憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责怪真让人苦恼。五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气英语中，表示恳求、要求、吩

38、咐、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从外表上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的构造为：(should) + 动词原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们承受了他的建议：我们应当恳求教师的扶植(from )。H

39、e told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告知了我们他的想法：他想上高校。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的支配就是在家乡建一座新工厂。六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的构造为：It is (hig

40、h / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。七. 简洁句中的虚拟语气1. 说话时，为了表示客气、虚心、委婉而有礼貌，言语常运用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的构造形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door

41、 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应当同意你的观点。2. 表示“祝福”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。3. 表示剧烈的“愿望”、“祝福”时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bles

42、s us. 上帝保佑。4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。(1) 提出恳求或邀请。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening 今日晚上来跟我们闲聊好吗？Could I use your bike now 我可以用一下你的单车吗？(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很兴奋。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力扶植你。 (3) 提出劝告或建议。如：Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。Y

43、ou should make a full investigation of it first. 你应领先全面调查一番。(4) 提出问题。如：Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告知我们真相吗？(5) 表示对过去状况的责怪时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的构造为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如You should have got here earlier. 你应当早就到这里了。You should have returned it

44、 to him. 你应当把他还给他了。四、sudden decision, time clause referring to the future adverbial clause. 突然确定，表示将来的时间状语；状语从句；让步状语从句。说话瞬间突然做出确定，用will +动词原形表示。表示将来的时间状语从句，在when, as soon as, after, before 引导的时间状语从句中用一般如今时表将来。Adverbial clause of concession 让步状语从句Although和though可以引导让步状语从句Although she doesnt enjoy her

45、 job, she works hard.五、Adverbial clause （2）cause, result and purpose 状语从句二缘由、结果、目的状语从句1. as, since, because 等连词可以引导缘由状语从句As I havent studied, I wont pass this exam2.so that 可以引导目的状语从句He is studying hard so that he can become a doctor.3.so that 或such+(an) +名词+that 可引导结果状语从句。It is so cold that the lake has frozen over.4.在many, much, few, little 前用so 而不用such.Famous film stars earn so much money nowadays that they can choose who to work for.用so lovely a boy 可代替such a lovely boy.六、prep