中考英语常用词汇辨析小结教案.docx

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1、中考英语常用词汇辨析小结教案一1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词恒久是复数， cloth指布，为不行数名词 clothing 服装总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事务, accident指不幸事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不行数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students4. family, house, homehome 家，包

2、括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样声音，voice人嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画画Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有单词量，word详细单词He has a large

3、 vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people详细人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内详细天气状况，climate长期气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad详细马路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museu

4、m.11. course, subjectcourse课程可包括多门科目，subject科目详细学科a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，风俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象干脆缘由，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来说明某种现象或结果理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being la

5、te14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，熬炼不行数，exercises练习可数，practice反复做练习 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作课解时,两者可以交换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做经过准备较正式演说，talk日常生活中一般谈话，讲话，lecture学术性演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on17. officer, offici

6、alofficer部队军官，official政府官员 an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work不行数，job可数 a good job19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成东西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指幅员，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook厨师，coo

7、ker厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不行数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个详细警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用25.

8、 man, a manman人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram指详细，telegraph指抽象 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用，trip指短期旅途，journey指稍长旅途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip29. sport, g

9、amesport多指户外嬉戏或消遣活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指确定输赢嬉戏，通常有一套规那么 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number ofa number of很多，谓语动词用复数。the number of数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in t

10、he front ofin front of范围外前面，in the front of范围内前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天，当时，当代， of a day短暂，不许久 a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们不止三个中三个，the three of us我们三个就三个人The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema

11、.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment短暂，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more

12、than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年两年或三年等39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice征求意见，take the advice承受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，漫步 We take the air every day.41. in a word,

13、 in wordsin a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret隐私地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道隐私，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from t

14、he beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指全部女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and t

15、he teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office在职，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in

16、charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire.

17、The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问，out of the question不行能 54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a peopl

18、e指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到，this导出下文所要说 I was ill. Thats why59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many/How much - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of

19、，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat选择根底是无限制，which在确定范围内进展选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little特别，n

20、ot a bit一点也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不行数名词连用，a lot of可数，不行数均可，但不用于否认句 I havent many books.66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不行数名词，many morethan后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=

21、not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不行数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独，单独，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用，of oneself 自行，自动 T

22、he door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all究竟，终归 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh详细高，highly抽象高，高度 think highly of75. health

23、y, healthfulhealthy安康，强健，healthful有益于安康 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困，有睡意 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受确定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部

24、分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边间隔 ，broad侧重于幅面宽广broad shoulders81. real, truereal真，真实，指是事实上存在而不是想象，true真，真正，指是事实和实际状况相符合 real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectablerespectful敬重，有礼貌，re

25、spectable可敬，值得敬重 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理，能谅解，

26、understandable 可理解，可以懂 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，严密地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy88. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet宁静，可以发出小声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，s

27、till完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，纹丝不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable able与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly二者均为几乎,差不多 和否认词连用用almost almost nobody 93. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I havent seen him

28、lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波 all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋，exciting令人兴奋 Im excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep详细深，deeply抽象深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud,

29、 loudaloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读)98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited.99. bad, badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为很，特别 go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, lo

30、ng beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long中考英语主动词汇辨析小结教案二铁西区Peter精品高分英语家教：101. quite, ratherquite完全地，相当于completely, rather修饰比较级 quite impossible102. happy, gladhappy欢乐，华蜜，定表均可，glad欢乐，只能做表语 a happy girl103. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中He didnt

31、 see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much 后接不行数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe about to表最近将来，后面不接时间状语，be going to 侧重准备，想法，be to do侧重意志，方案，支配Im to meet him.(含双方事先约好意思)106. raise, riseraise及物动词，ri

32、se不及物动词 The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一来回动作 fetch a box of chalk108. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱109. join, join in, take part injoin参与某个组织，并成为其中一员；join in参与

33、小型活动, join sb. in；take part in 参与大型活动 He joined the army five years ago.110. learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习结果，study学习，侧重学习过程，探讨 study the problem111. want, hope, wishwant准备，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope盼望通常可以实现，hope to do/ hope that wish盼望通常不能实现wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.

34、112. discover, invent, find outdiscover发觉原来存在但不为人所知东西，invent创建原来不存在物体，find out发觉，查明 At last he found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter114. leave, leave forleave分开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal

35、sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不确定射中 He shot the bird and it died.117. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.118. search, search forsearch后接地点，search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.119. used to, be used toused to过去经常，be used to习惯于，

36、后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.120. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them121. live on, live bylive on以为主食，live by靠谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing122. beat, hit, strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或假设干下 beat the wings123. meet, meet wi

37、thmeet遇到，meet with体验到，遭受到 meet with an accident124. lose, misslose失去详细物体，错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 惦念，错过sth. is missing, miss the chance125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of厌烦，be tired with/from因为而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters126. care about, care forcare about关切，计较，

38、在乎，一般多用于否认句中；care for关切，照料，喜爱，情愿 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.127. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段时间状语连用，而have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for调换成，change into变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into

39、ice.129. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.130. feed, raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)， raise饲养，哺育 (cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor去请医生，go to a docto

40、r去看病 132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice留意到，observe视察，细致地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars133. insist on, stick toinsist on坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to坚持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan134. look, seem, appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心推断，appear指给人以外表印象 appear wise,look like his father135. gather, collectga

41、ther把分散东西集中到一起， collect指细心地、有选择地进展搜集 collect stamps136. mean to do, mean doingmean to do准备，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着 By this I mean giving the students more practice.137. die from, die ofdie from表示死于枪伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold138. pay for, pay back, pay off

42、pay for为付钱，pay back还钱，但不确定还清，pay off还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt139. divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起个体分开divide the apple, separate the houses140. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing141. grow,

43、 plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其开展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗植物plant the trees, trees are growing142. manage, trymanage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不确定胜利He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.143. choose, selectchoose凭个人推断力进展选择，select有目地细致细致地选择 choose the best answer144. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语，建成，

44、put up临时搭建，set up建成内部设施根本齐全，found国家或组织建成 put up a tent, set up a school145. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟识，be familiar with某人熟识某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.146. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在上达成一样意见，主语是复数 agre

45、e with you, agree to the plan147. throw to, throw atthrow to扔到, throw at朝扔 He throw a stone at me.148. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不确定承受，accept承受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.149. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进展时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作Its cold outside. Put on y

46、our warm clothes.150. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.151. look, see, watchlook看动作，see看结果，watch强调所看物体改变、挪动和开展watch TV152. lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book153. work as, act aswork as工作是，act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色 He works as a teach

47、er.He acts as an interpreter. 154. move, removemove动一动，但不确定移走，remove从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen155. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound斗争中受伤 He was wounded in the war. 156. turn, get, growturn表突变，后常接表颜色词，get强调变结果，grow强调过程，渐渐改变 turn yellow, get tired, grow big157. close, shut, turn offclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合物体，turn off用于指有开关物体Close/Shut the door. Turn