新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义1.docx

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1、新目的初中英语总复习资料精品讲义八种动词时态，有的只要求到达理解层次，有的则要求到达娴熟运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进展时是要求到达娴熟运用层次的，而且其考察方式确定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区分。找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法. 现以冠词为例：1.John was given _ orange bag for his birthday but _ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the2.Theres _ old tree near _ house. A.a,an B.a

2、n,the C.a,the D.the,a 3.There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the4._ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a5._ bad weather!I hope it wont last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a6._ they are listening to the teacher!A.How careful B.What careful C.H

3、ow carefully D.What carefully 由上例题我们可以觉察冠词和感慨句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一样、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比拟以及习惯表达法和情态动词的运用等，无一不在考察之列。 全部这一切语言根底学问，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，绽开讨论，分层展示难易比照，系统归纳。 对于语言根底学问是这样处理，那么对以实力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？ 这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例： A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,h

4、e decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(效劳员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!Th

5、e farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7). The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),Good morning,sir.Would you like a haircut1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave

6、 2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because 3.A.for B.with C.on D.in 4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought 5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found 6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise 7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head 8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told 9.A.cant B.dont C.wont D.mustnt 10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.

7、ter 要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，构造完好。对此，考生必需通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必定顾此失彼，前后意思不得连接。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。 在解这类题时，必需驾驭“词感现象”，留意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“the sense of word是指一种对词或词群的感受实力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为简洁地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的微小差异，也并不留意词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出符合逻辑的推断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项解除掉了。最终复读

8、一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。 这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特殊是完形、阅读等，进展分析、讨论，借以使同学们获得较为完好的解题思路和解题方法。 词汇（一）这一讲里，主要扶植同学们驾驭名词、冠词、数词的用法，特殊是针对同学不易驾驭的方面。 一、名词 关于名词，我们必需驾驭名词的数，名词的格。单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a 1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog-dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch-watches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es， 如：c

9、ountry-countries。请区分：假如是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。 如：monkey-monkeys。 (4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es， 如：knife-knives。 2.单复数形式一样的词：sheep-sheep，fish-fish Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese 3.特殊变更的单词有：(1)tooth-teeth，foot-feeth(2)man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen,French

10、man-Frenchmen 请区分：German(德国人)Germans (3)childchildren 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特殊留意它们的谓语，用复数。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式，事实上是单数。这一点是同学不易驾驭的，应特殊加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) No news is good news. 6.可用how many，many，a f

11、ew，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many are there in your pencil-box(knife) 不行数名词：1.常见的不行数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特殊记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不行数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread_over there.(be) 3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,so

12、me,any等来修饰不行数名词。 4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不行数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不行数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread 请区分：可数名词也可用量来表示， 如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples 例： 1、These two pieces of bread _over there.(be) 2、Could I have three _,please？ A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.piece

13、s of breads 名词的格 名词全部格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s”。如：TomToms译为“的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ ”即可。如：TeachersDay , twoweeksholiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的全部格，仍按惯例加s 。如：Childrens Day 关于名词全部格，应驾驭以下几点： 1.可用名词全部格表示地点。 如：my aunts 我姑姑家。 go to the doctors 去医生家。 2.表示两人共同拥有，在最终一个名词后加s 如：Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的 3.驾驭词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a

14、friend of mine 我的一个挚友 eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kates,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kates,my 二、冠词 冠词是词汇中的根底的，也是简洁的局部，所以同学们有必要驾驭其根本用法，归纳起来，同学们应当驾驭以下几点： 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the 2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区分：a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：

15、the sun,the moon,the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示一家人，常看成复数。 如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair 8.特殊留意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August 请区分

16、：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请留意区分：in front of 在前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 练习:Theres _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A.

17、an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the 三、数词 同学们首先应会读会写全部基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考察，中考常采纳单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应驾驭以下几点特殊简洁出错的地方。 1.基数词变序数词。其规律为： 1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起 (first,second,third,fourth) 8少t，9去e，千万别遗忘 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth,twelfth) 20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first) 2.h

18、undred,thousand,million 在构成详细的数字时用单数形式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。 hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用详细数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。练习:Henry has learned eight _ French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of The _lesson is t

19、he most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外，同学们还应驾驭与数词有关的钟点表达法。 顺读法(钟点分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟topast钟点) 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past foura quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to fivea quarter to five 练习题 :1.At the beginning of the_(twenty) century

20、,the worlds population was about 1700 million. 2.Are these_(watch)yours Yes. 3.You dont look well.Youd better go to the_(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me_,please A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5.There are three_and seven_in the picture. A.monkeys,s

21、heeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6.A lot of_are talking with two_. A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen 7.June 1 is _. A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens Day C.Childrens Day D.Childrens Day 8._people went out to see what had happened

22、. A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands 9.We have been in the school for_. A.three and a half month B.three and a half monthsC.three month and a half D.three months and half 10._English is_ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an D. A, /11.John was given _ orange bag fo

23、r his birthday but _ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the12.Theres _ old tree near _ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a 13.There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 四.代词人称代词: 主格: 单数I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数 we 、you 、they 宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、he

24、r 、it 复数us 、you 、them 物主代词: 形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their 名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs 反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。 2.留意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。

25、如：These books arent ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room) 3.of+名词性物主代词表示所属 如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个挚友 4.人称代词在并列运用时的依次为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5.关于反身代词，同学们须驾驭其固定构造：enjoy oneself=have a g

26、ood time (过得很开心) by oneself=alone (单独、单独)help oneself to (随意吃/喝 些.) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学) 练习题 1.-Whose trousers are these -_, I think. A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them 2. Nobody taught_English. He taught_. A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, by himself D.his, his （二） 修饰可数名词 m

27、any few 表否认意义 a few 表确定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否认意义 a little 表确定意义 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.= 用little, a little, few, a few填空: 1.I often stay at home because I have _ friends here. 2.Jim,dont go and get some water. There is _ water in t

28、he glass. 3.Though he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday. （三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing. 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something new Theres _ in todays newspaper. 中考题 A.important anything B.important something C.anything important

29、 D.something important (四)另外，还要留意代词some, every, all, both, either, another 1.some（一些，某） 一般用于确定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示恳求的疑问句中。 any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否认句 Will you give me some water Would you like some meat May I ask some questions Could I have some apples 2.every单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。 each “每一个” 强调特性，作定语、主语、

30、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。 如: Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games. 3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可） 4.b

31、oth “（两者）都” ,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否认意义，用法同either。 如：They both swim well. Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week

32、. Neither answer is right. 5. another +单数名词, “另一个” one the other “一个，另一个” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人” (五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which 这里，which是同学们不易驾驭的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. 例如: I like the red shirt. _ _ do you like 练习:一、依据所给单词的适当形式填空，使句意通

33、顺，语法完好6Can you come with us(we)7These skirts are hers. Yours are over there.(she)8Please take care of yourselves, boys and girls.(you)9I dont think this is my frisby, though it looks like mine.(I) 10Look at those books. Are they yours(that) 二、依据首字母填空11Is there anything interesting in the newspaper 1

34、2She asked us to help each other.13The old man can neither read nor write. 14Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 15Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.三、同义句转换16、A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday. 17、A: He d

35、oesnt like mutton, and she doesnt, either.B: Neither he nor she likes mutton.18、A: All the American people dont like sandwiches.B: Not all the American people like sandwiches. 19、A: They dont often hear the twins sing the song in the school.B: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in

36、the school.ZK) 四、单项选择(C)20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter-Yes, but only .A. little B. few C. a little D. a few (A)21、-Do you like Janes new skirt-Yes, very much. Ill ask mum to buy for me.A. one B. it C. the other D. a (B)22、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.A. one B. that C. it D. thi

37、s (B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.A. the others B. others C. the other D. other (A)24、-Ill give the boys to eat.-Oh, I know, fish and chips.A. something English B. English somethingC. anything English D. English anything (D)25、-

38、Shall I help you with the heavy box-No, thanks, I can do it .A. me B. my C. mine D. myself (D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00-I dont mind. time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either (C)27、-My bag is full, what about - is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D

39、. hers, She (D)28、-Ive had enough bread, Would you like -No, thanks.A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more (A)29、There are many trees on sides of the river.A. both B. either C. neither D. each(A)1、He has two bikes, one is new, is old.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others (C)2

40、、Without the sun, could grow in the world.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything (B)3、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both (B)4、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like-Look! This is a picture of .A. it B. one C. two D. some (B)5、T

41、here are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.A. few B. a few C. a little D. little二、形容词 副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级：比拟级： 比拟.，更.一些 最高级： 最. （A）1.构成：(规则状况)状况 变 化 方 法 例 词 单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般状况 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母e结尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est big-big

42、ger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest 局部双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规则变更，须熟记： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least (B)常见的运用状况 1.as as 和.一样（中间用原级） 2.not as(so) as 和.不一样（中间用原级） 3 than . .比.（用比拟级） 4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的 eg.Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best film that I have ever seen . 5.比拟级+and+比拟级 意