精品高中英语语法通霸2016定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案.docx

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1、定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案第1讲 关系词的选择技巧考点1. 相关概念A. 主句、从句、关系词例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的局部，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。） (例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是

2、定语从句，修饰the boy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出如今定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用 i. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii. 起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 10Error! Reference source not found.）。iii. 代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）B. 关系代词i. 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。Do yo

3、u know the boy who/that is my desk mateThe man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.ii. 指物时可以用which, 也可用that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.iii. whose可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose pictures were not well- kn

4、own in his life time.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.iv. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now 注：（）表示关系代词省略C. 关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指缘由，how不能作关系词。如： We will put off the picni

5、c until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)根底过关1. 用适宜的关系词完成句子。 The man _ /_ was here yesterday is a painter. The man _ /_ /_ /_ I saw is called Smith. A child _

6、parents are dead is called an orphan. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _ /_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _ / _ /_ I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy _ / _ / _ / _ you are looking for. Do you know the reason _ he was late for t

7、he meeting？ This is the school _ I used to study. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time.2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：_ 定语从句:（ ）先行词：先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked

8、 about？ I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister. There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends. They arrived

9、in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born考点2. 关系词的选择技巧A. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两局部：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 He worked in the factory which produces T

10、V sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies.在句和句中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句和句中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起确定性作用的并不是先行词。在句和句中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句和句中，

11、关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。B. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“交换”1. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两局部，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）2. 还：依据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句复原为完好的一句话。（可以添词）3. 交换：用关系词交换定语从句中复原后添加的局部，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 缘由状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线局部提问”相像，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如： This i

12、s the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：（略）复原：依据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句复原成完好的一句话后分别为：I once studied at the school.The school is the most famous in the city.My father teaches English at the school.粗斜体局部为依据先行词

13、的意思把关系词复原后的局部。交换：依据 “对画线局部提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. whereC. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一

14、般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“交换”的方法选择关系词1. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his workA. thatB. whatC. howD. why2. Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his workA. thatB. whatC. howD. why3. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill.A.

15、why; thatB. that; why C. for that; thatD. for which; what4. He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose5. He lives in the village _ he was born.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose6. In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whe

16、reB. whenC. whichD. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what8. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. thatB. /C. whenD. A and B9. 【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for

17、 her.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in whichB. /C. howD. that11. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are producedA. whenB. the one whereC. thatD. in which12. Is this factory _ color TV sets ar

18、e producedA. whichB. the one whereC. thatD. in which13. This is the factory _ produces color TV sets.A. whereB. the one whereC. thatD. in which14. 【2010天津】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircutYou should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. asB. whichC. whereD. that15. 【2011陕西】I wal

19、ked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. that16. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who17. 【2012江西】By 16:30, _ was almo

20、st closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that18. 【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom I. 单句改错1. 【2010重庆】Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets. 2. 【2010重庆】A

21、fter hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. 3. 【2006江西】I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.4. I often think of the days when we spent on the island together. 5. This is the museum where you visited the other day. 6. Have you e

22、ver been to Shanghai, where I left ten years agoII. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）7. 【2014新课标】Maybe you have a habit_ is driving your family crazy. 8. 【2014广东】The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _we watched some people play volleyball. 9. 【2014湖南】People should not do things _ will disturb their neighbor

23、s unnecessarily. 10. 【2014安徽】The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.11. 【2015课标】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.12. 【2015广东

24、】When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the town met regularly.III. 写作技能提升13. 【2012上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)14. 这本书对我扶植很大，特殊是在好印象是必需的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must）15. 我认为学生应当参与社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得阅历。（involv

25、e oneself in, community activities, gain experience）16. 我恒久不会遗忘我们一起度过的日子。 第2讲 只能用that不能用which的状况考点1. 先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时1. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading.A. whichB. asC. whoD. that2. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone else

26、s fault. A. whoB. thatC. asD. what 考点2. 先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时3. There is not much _ can be done.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how4. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what 5. 【2014陕西】Please send us all the information_ you

27、 have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what6. You can take any seat _ is free.A. thatB. /C. whichD. it考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same修饰时7. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which;

28、thatB. that; which C. which; whichD. that; that8. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. thatB. itC. whichwho9. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom 10. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what 11. Its the th

29、ird time _ late this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrived C. that youve arrivedD. when youve arrived考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that12. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that13. He talked a lot about things and pe

30、rsons _ they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what考点5. 关系代词在从句中作表语或there be构造中的实意主语时, that可指人或物，且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作理解)He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been.这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。14. She is no long

31、er the sweet girl _ she used to be.A. whatB. whoC. whenD. that考点6. 领先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避开重复，用关系代词that同理，领先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词which或who。如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most15. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism T

32、owerA. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom 16. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that17. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn考点7. 留意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响只是在选用关系代词时才运用这些规则。如：18. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes th

33、at the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose19. This is the same house _ her grandfather was born.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whoseI. 单句改错1. Is there anything which belongs to you 2. Both the girl and her dog which were crossing the str

34、eet were hit by a coming car. 3. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）4. These people once had fame and fortune; now all_ is left to them is utter poverty. 5. I like the second football match _ was held last week. thatIII. 写作技能提升6. 【2010湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此骄傲，她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟

35、。（so proud of, all, reward, trip）7. 这个就是我始终在找寻的那本书。( the very book )8. 【2004上海】我发觉很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it, cooperate, stick to)9. 在那边扫地的那个女的是谁？(Who, sweep the floor)10. 她已不再是过去的她。11. 假如有你一个人不能克制的困难，你可以向你的父母或挚友求助。（ any difficulty, overcome, turn to第3讲 其他有关关系代词选择的规则考点1. 只用which, who, whom不用that的状况A. 关系代词干

36、脆放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who。1. 【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that2. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of wha

37、tD. most of that3. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in that4. 【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received giftsA. whichB. themC. thatD. whomB. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略。 （参看P134第6讲）5. 【2010全国1】As a chi

38、ld, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. that6. 【2012全国】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when考点2. whose可指人也可指物若指物，它还可以同of which互换; 若指人，一般不与of whom互换1. He lives in a house. I

39、ts window faces south.He lives in a house whose window faces south.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.2. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.由于我们一般说his son

40、，不说the son of him, 因此我们只能说:He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University.7. I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with disease. A. whereB. of whichC. in whichD. whose8. 【2010陕西】The old temple, _ roof was damag

41、ed in storm, is now under repair.A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose9. 【2014山东】A company_ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why 10. 【2013福建】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whoseB. that

42、C. whoD. which考点3. 领先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用whoAnyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。All who heard the story were amazed.全部听到这个故事的人都很惊异。考点4. what不能作关系代词；one 作同位语11. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always trea

43、sure.A. thatB. oneC. itD. what12. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ he wanted to be.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which13. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, _ he thought he would never see.A. whatB. thatC. oneD. it14. 【2010山东】Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.A. it

44、B. thatC. whatD. oneI. 单句改错1. 【2013海南/新课标】Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.2. She showed me the dictionary, on that she spent most of her money.II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）3. Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, _w

45、ho often cares about our life and study at school.4. 【2009安徽】Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 5. The old man has two sons, both of _ are lawyers. 6. 【2015四川】The books on the desk, _ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.III. 写作技能提升7. 【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多教师，其中两位对我影响很大。(through the course of, meet, two of, influence)8. 参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经验，一次我将永生珍视的经验。（visiting your city, experience, one, treasure for the rest of my life）9.