科技英语大试卷及答案1.docx

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1、一、单选题（共15道试题，共15分。）V 1.When Bob and his friends came, we_our supper then. BA. hadB. were havingC. haveD. are having2.（ ） has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem CA. ThatB. WhatC. In spite of whatD. Though what3.I chose a sm

2、all room with the window _ the street. CA. facesB. facedC. facingD. to face4.The oil spillage in the Gulf was of such _ that its effects will last for decades. A. magnificenceB. maintenanceC. magnitudeD. manipulation C5.Joint ventures may （ ） labor contracts with the employees according to their nee

3、ds in production and management operations CA. signalB. writeC. signD. draw6.The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual _ until only 40 people were left. CA. declinationB. inclineC. inclinationD. decline7. It provides a standard format for Web pages to create a link, prov

4、ide the refresh period for a page to change, _ audio files, and form pages into different frames. BA. inputB. embedC. outputD. inbed8.No plan for the future will be acceptable unless it _ poverty and unemployment. A. abolishes AB. abusesC. compelsD. commits9.Every country tries to maintain a(n) （ ）

5、balance of trade, which assures it of the means to buy necessary imports DA. organicB. marineC. compoundD. favorable10.The present wave of strikes _ from discontent among the lower-paid. A. stems AB. trapsC. raisesD. ranges满分：1分11.The zero-tariff （零关税）policy in helping the undeveloped countries of A

6、frica has brought _ benefit to the African people. BA. substantiateB. substantialC. substantD. subtitle满分：1分12.The managing director took the （ ） for the accident, although it was not really his fault BA. guiltB. blameC. accusationD. charg13.There seems to be something wrong with the computer but we

7、 hope to _ it right before too long. BA. correct B. put C. sort D. cope14.Alice trusts you.Only you can （ ） her to give up the foolish idea DA. suggestB. attractC. temptD. persuade15.Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be （ ） of your parents help A. depended DB. dependingC. depen

8、dentD. independen二、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V 1. A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 s

9、tudies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pu

10、rsued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(忠诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They gi

11、ve each member of a group college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person,

12、 some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture,

13、the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on

14、 the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there

15、 is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive. 1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _. BA. a persons property or debts do

16、 not matter muchB. a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high minded满分：2分2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _D_.A. people do not realize the importance of l

17、ooking ones bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not满分：2分3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certai

18、n attributes _B_.A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments满分：2分4).Good looks cut both ways for

19、 women(Line 1, Para.5) means that _C_.A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions满

20、分：2分5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _C_.A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usu

21、ally get along quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for men满分：2分三、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V 1. In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take

22、 the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requir

23、ements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotles theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, a

24、ir, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newtons theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely prop

25、ortional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy. Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of ex

26、periments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new the

27、ory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory. The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how

28、 the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they

29、regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a

30、 very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state. It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a num

31、ber of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends

32、on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us t

33、hat the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their

34、 orbits. Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large

35、-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other they cannot both be correct. One of the major

36、 endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.为了议论宇宙的本质和探讨这样的问题是否有开场或完毕,你必需

37、清晰什么是科学理论。我应当实行简洁的观点,理论只是一个宇宙的模型,或限制它的一局部,一组规则相关的数量模型中视察我们。它只存在于我们的思想,没有任何其他现实。一个理论是一个很好的理论假如它满意两个需求。它必需精确地描绘一个大班的视察模型的根底上,只包含一些随意的元素,它必需明确的预料将来视察的结果。例如,亚里士多德的理论,一切都是由四种元素,土、空气、火和水,简洁的资格,但这并没有做出任何明确的预料。另一方面,牛顿的引力理论是基于一个更简洁的模型,在彼此的身体吸引了力气,是及一个叫做它们的质量和负量成正比及它们之间的间隔 的。然而,预料太阳的运动,月球和行星的高度的精确性。任何物理理论总是短暂

38、的,在这个意义上,它仅仅是一个假设:你恒久不能证明这一点。无论多少次试验的结果同意一些理论,你恒久不能保证下次不会反对这个理论结果。另一方面,你甚至可以证明一个理论,找到一个视察,不同意的预料理论。在理论中,常常发生的是,一个新的理论,设计了真的是前面理论的延长。科学的最终目的是供应一个单一的理论,描绘了整个宇宙。然而,大多数科学家事实上遵循的方法是单独的问题分为两局部。首先,有法律,告知我们宇宙如何随时间改变。假如我们知道宇宙是什么样子的在任何一个时间,这些物理定律告知我们如何看以后。第二,有宇宙的初始状态的问题。一些人认为科学应当只关切第一局部;他们认为最初的问题状况作为宗教的问题。他们会

39、说:上帝可以宇宙已经开场了他想要的任何方式。或许是这样,但在这种状况下,他还可以让它完全随意的方式开展。然而看来,他选择让它开展特别常规的方式依据肯定的法律。因此好像同样合理的假设也有规律的初始状态。事实证明很难设计出一个理论来描绘宇宙全部。相反,我们把这个问题分成碎片和独创的局部理论。每一个局部的理论描绘和预料某些有限类的视察,忽视了其他数量的影响,或代表1).According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for _D_.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted pa

40、rt of the universeC. a set of rulesD. a realit2).The difference between Aristotles theory and Newtons theory is _D_.A. Aristotles theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newtons cannot.B. Newtons theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotles cannot.C. Aristotle

41、s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newtons cannot.D. Newtons theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotles cannot.3).The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _A_.A. to break the

42、problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsD. to study the origin of the universe4).It is described in Newtons theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other wi

43、th a force which is _B_.A. inversely proportional to their massB. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them5).According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the

44、 first half of the 20th century are _C_.A. Newtons theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newtons theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsD. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity四、完型填空（共1道试题，共10分。）

45、V 1. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that (1)does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2) then, however, were the n

46、ew, positive (3) that work against the digital divide. (4) , there are reasons to be (5) . There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6) , it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, th

47、e more potential (7) there are. More and more (8) , afraid their countries will be left (9) , want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11) rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most pow