高中英语人教版必修三第四单元基础知识点笔记版.docx

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1、Unit 4 system 系统，体系 solar system 太阳系 government systems 政府体系interest vt. 使感爱好常用：Sth. interest Sb. interested adj. 感爱好 interesting adj. 令人感爱好eg: What he said interested all of us. We are interested in the interesting story.1. 依据一个普遍承受理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸把物质射向四面八方。 背过a widely accepted theory, the unive

2、rse started with. throw matter in all directions.世界上独一无二东西，前面加定冠词the, 例如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world.但是名词前假设有adj修饰，一般用不定冠词a/an。例如：There is a big moon in the sky.Start/begin with 以开始；to start/begin with首先=first of allwide adj.&adv. Wide做副词表示详细宽 He lay here, with his eyes w

3、ide open./ wide awake.widely adv. 修饰抽象 广泛 The book is widely read.Direction表示方向常和in, from搭配。从某个方向用from, 朝某方向用in. in all directions 四面八方 in the opposite direction 朝相反方向 例如：The woman went to the direction from which she came.这个女士走向她来方向。to do一般做目状语，但有时候也可做结果状语，见课本第一段最终。Only to do结果发觉常表示意料之外结果。例如：She we

4、nt to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.2. be to do用法，自己列出。settle 定居；解决；停留，落下；使某人坐在某个位置；精神冷静 例如：We finally settled in Jinan. 定居 The question is hard to settle/solve. 解决 The bird settled on the branch. 停留在树枝上 My father settled himself in the sofa after

5、work. 坐在沙发上 The medicine can help to settle your nerves. 冷静神经3. last VI持续维持 其后介词for常常省略。 The meeting lasted (for) three hours.4. in time 刚好 in time to do/ in time for 最终，迟早。相当于sooner or later ,eventually 例如：We were just in time for the flight.= We were just in time to catch the plane.Dont worry. I a

6、m sure things will get better in time.辨析：in time/ on time/ at a time(一次，每次)/at one time(曾经，一度)/ at times=sometimes(有时候)5. atmosphere 大气层，常常与定冠词联用 the atmosphere 气氛，气氛 例如：An atmosphere of tension(惊慌) filled Japan after the earthquake.The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.6. As the earth co

7、oled down, .as在本句中为连词，翻译为：随着。可以和with复合构造互换。例如：As time goes by, we are older and older. = With time going by,11. unlike prep. 不像 Unlike his brother, he is diligent. 不像弟弟，他很勤奋。It is unlike him to be late. 迟到可不像他风格。I dislike eating fish. I like eating meat. 我不喜爱吃鱼，我喜爱吃肉。What is the weather like 天气怎么样？H

8、e is likely to come.= it is likely that he will come. 他很可能回来。12. be fundamental to 对至关重要，根底 fundamental differences 根本不同13. make it possible for life to develop 为make+宾语+宾补构造 在此it形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。宾补可以有多种成分充当，但不能加ing形式。例如：We made him president. 我们选他做总统。We should try our best to make the room clean.I spo

9、ke aloud to make myself heard. 让我自己被听见。The mother made the boy do his work all day.被动 The boy was made to do his work all day.14. multiply 繁殖，增加，乘 例如：Cells multiply by means of cell division.The answer is 30 if you multiply 6 and 5.Your effort will multiply your chance of success.15. call A B 叫.A 是B

10、 The boy called Jim is a kind boy.I lived in what you called Greece.16. for the first time 第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。 The first time为连词，连接句子 It is /was the first time that sb. have/had done sth. 例如：Today, I climbed on the Qianfo Mount for the first time.I fell in love with the car the first time I saw it. I

11、t is the first time that I have visited the city. lay eggs 下蛋lie lied-lied 扯谎lielaylain 躺，位于laylaidlaid 放置，下蛋He laid the books on the shelf.他把书放在书架上了。The hen lays an egg a day. 这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。He lied to his mother. 他对母亲扯谎了。18. exist 不及物动词，不用于被动语态，不用于进展时态。名词：existence/ come into existence =come into bein

12、g 形成，产生 例如：There exist warm-hearted people everywhere.We cant exist without water.No one knows when the earth came into existence.19. remain vi&link-v 保持，维持，仍旧，剩余 the remaining money 剩下蛋糕I am sorry. My work remains unfinished.After many years, he remains single./ he remains a teacher.The problem rem

13、ains to be solved.It remains to be see whether we can finish it in time.20. spread 伸展；延长；消息，火等扩散，传播 The news spread through the school quickly.The mother spread a cloth on the table.The fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape.21. thus adv相当于therefore 因此 The universities have expa

14、nded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education.He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the news.He knocked out Tom, thus becoming the champion.22. in ones turn 轮到./ by turns 轮番/ in turn 依次，轮番 反之，从而/ in return (for)作为回报 例如：Today, I am in my turn on duty to clean the room.The two b

15、rothers looked after their sick mother by turns.I gave him some money in return for his help.= He helped me. In return, I gave him some money.高考再现：A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development.A .in nature B.in return C.in turn D.in fact23.

16、 prevent/keep/stop from. 阻挡。留意keep后from不能省，省掉意思就是使始终干. Shelter/protect from爱护免受.The heavy snow prevented all of us (from) arriving at school on time.The sunglasses can shelter us from the sunlight.24. depend on 依靠，依靠；取决于When we are old, we have to depend on our children to earn money.Whether you wil

17、l stay or not depends on you.It/that depends.看状况吧。高考再现：-How often do you eat out-_, but usually once a week. A. I have no idea. B. it depends. C. as usual D. Generally speaking25. the year to come= the coming year 在将要到来一年。To come做后置定语】26. block out 拦住光线和声音等；遗忘，抹掉The tall building blocked out the sun

18、light. She wanted to block out the unhappy experience.27. visit n&v visit sp. Pay a visit to sp. We are going to pay a visit to/visit the USA in the holiday.28. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth. -explanation(n)You had better explain to your mother the thing.29. lessen The pain is lessening af

19、ter taking the medicine. The government takes measures to lessen the impact of the earthquake.30. get/be close(adj.) to 靠近close adv. 详细近 stand/sit close(adv.) to closely 抽象 细致地，严谨地 亲密地The child examined the animal closely.31. asas构造中，假设中间为第三人称单数名词须要这样：as+adj.+a/an+n+as He is as kind a boy as you.= H

20、e is a boy as kind as you.31. 倍数表达法：A + 动词+倍数+as asA + 动词+倍数+ more than.A + 动词+倍数+the +n+of 例如：The hall is three times as large as our classroom.= The hall is three times larger than the classroom.= The hall is twice the size of our classroom.32. now that 既然，和since相当，有时候that会省略。Now that everyone is

21、here, lets begin our class.Now that you have got such a chance, you might as well (不妨，最好)make good use of it.33. break out 斗争，疾病，灾难爆发，无被动语态 when did the first world war break outbreak up 分手，解散，粉碎，假期放假，成为碎片break out 出故障，抛锚；失败；身体或精神垮掉，分解34. watch out 当心，留意 watch out for 当心. Watch over 看管，照看，监视Watch out! A train is coming.Watch out for the cars whenyou cross the streets. Can you watch over the clothes while we are swimming