小升初英语基础知识必备.docx

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1、小学英语根底学问&必备建议保藏孩子教化是父母毕惹事业！第一部分：根底学问 1.字母：26个字母大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音：元音发音五个元音字母：AEIOU12个单元音：前元音：i: /e/ 中元音：: 后元音：: : u : 双元音8个合口双元音5个aieiauui集中双元音3个 iu3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词4.句子：大小写，标点符号第二部分：语法学问一.名词：名词单复数，名词格(一)名词单复数一般状况，干脆加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以

2、s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives不规那么名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth

3、, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不行数名词复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词格有生命东西名词全部格：a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾复数后加 s childrens shoes并列名词中，假如把 s加在最终一个名词后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有小汽车要表示全部物不是共

4、有，应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自小汽车(2)表示无生命东西名词通常用“ of +名词来表示全部关系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China第二部分：语法学问二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：(1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an

5、 e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词：the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词用法：特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道人或物：The boys

6、arent at school.在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词状况：专出名词前：China is a big country.名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. I

7、ts Sunday.一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔名词前：This is Mr Li.固定词组中：at noon at night by bus第二部分：语法学问三、代词、形容词、副词代词：人称代词，物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我

8、)复数we(我们)usour(我们)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你)复数you(你们)youyour(你们)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他)she(她)herher(她)it(它)itits(它)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们/她们/它们)形容词，副词：比较级，最高级(一)、形容词比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中运用：两个事物或人比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er规那么：一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾，加r ;以一个

9、元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾辅音字母，再加er ;以“辅音字母+y结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。3.不规那么形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词比较级(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见是处于实义动词之后(不规那么改变：well-better, far-farther)第二部分：语法学问四、数词：基数词、序数词(1)1-20one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，th

10、irteen，fourteen，fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十，再说“几，中间加连字符。23twenty-three，34thirty-four，45fortyfive，56fifty-six，67sixty-seven，78seventy-eight，89eighty-nine，91ninety-one(3)101999先说“几百，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six，803eight hundred and three(4)l，000

11、以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，第一个“，“，前为million，第三个“，前为billion1，001one thousand and one18，423eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three6，260，309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750，000，000，000seven hundred and fifty billion序数词(1)一般在基数词后加thfourth，thirteenthirteenth(2)不规那么改变on

12、efirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth(3)以y结尾十位整数，变y为ie再加thtwentytwentieth， fortyfortieth， ninetyninetieth(4)从二十一后“几十几直至“几百几十几或“几千几百几十几只将个位基数词变为序数词。twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.一，二，三，特别记，词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i，th前面有个

13、e.假设是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。第二部分：语法学问五、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等1.at表示时间概念某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)1)表示详细日期。注：(1)关于在周末几种表示法：at(on)the weekend在周末-特指at(on)weekends在周末-泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间(2)在圣诞节，应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas2)在(刚)时候。On reaching the

14、 city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个 。1)表示时段、时期，在多数状况下可以和during互换，前者强调比照，后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)六、动词：动词四种时态：(1)一般如今时：一般如今时构成1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时

15、，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。动词+s改变规那么1.一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes“辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies(2)一般过去时:动词过去式详解 动词过去式构成规那么有：A、规那么动词 一般干脆在动词后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e结尾动词干

16、脆加d：如 lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study studied carry carried worry worried (留意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) 双写最终一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stoppedB、不规那么动词(此类词并无规那么，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词原形和过去式：sing sang , eat ate ,see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read

17、 ,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3)一般将来时：根本构造：be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4)如

18、今进展时: am,is,are+动词如今分词动词如今分词详解 动词ing形式构成规那么： 一般干脆在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结尾动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing 双写最终一个字母(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分：句法(1)确定句：是指用确定语气来陈述句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans

19、in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2)、否认句：含有否认词或表示否认意义词句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch

20、 TV yesterday evening. 2. 疑问句一般疑问句：是指询问事实句子，此类句子必需用“yes，或“no来答复。特别疑问句：以特别疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导句子。此类句子应当问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no来答复。 3.There be句型There be 句型与have, has区分1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词依据最*近be

21、 动词那个名词确定。3、there be 句型否认句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 区分：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中运用：some 用于确定句， any 用于否认句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中运用：and 用于确定句， or 用于否认句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问特别疑问句根本构造是：How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语How much + 不行数名词 + is there + 介词短语8、针对主语提问特别疑问句根本构造是：Whats + 介词短语