小学英语知识点汇总1.docx

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1、小学英语学问点汇总一、名词复数规则1.一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policem

2、an-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress_tooth_ sheep_box_strawberry_peach_sandwich_dish_bus_man_ woman_ 二、一般如今时

3、1.一般如今时表示常常或习惯性的动作，也可表示如今的状态或主语具备的性格和实力。2.一般如今时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的确定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的确定句，动词用原形。3.在一般如今时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否认句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4.在一般如今时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否认句在动词前加does+not (doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否认句用do+not (dont)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动

4、词用原形。动词+s的改变规则1.一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般如今时根本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般如今时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示常常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客

5、观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转。一般如今时的构成1. be动词：主语be(am,is,are) 其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语行为动词( 其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。【No. 2】一般如今时的改变1. be动词的改变。否认句：主语be not 其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be 主语其它。如：-Are y

6、ou a student -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike 2.行为动词的改变。否认句：主语dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否认句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如：- Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

7、- Does she go to work by bike - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 2.行为动词的改变。否认句：主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否认句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形其它。如：- Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does s

8、he go to work by bike - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 动词s的改变规则1一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in C

9、lass One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10.

10、 There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18

11、. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today Its Saturday三、如今进展时1.如今进展时表示如今正在进展或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进展的动作。2.如今进展时的确定句根本构造为be+动词ing. 3.如今进展时的否认句在be后加not。4.如今进展时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5如今进展时的非凡疑问的根本构造为：疑问词不达意be +主语+动词in

12、g 但疑问词当主语时其构造为： 疑问词不达意be +动词ing 动词加ing的改变规则1.一般状况下，干脆加ing，如：cook-cooking 以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 写出下列动词的如今分词：play_run_swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ c

13、ome _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the g

14、irls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doingShe _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes Yes ,she is . 四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、安排或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、根

15、本构造：be going to do；will do.三、否认句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同义句：be going to = will 1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或准备、安排、确定要做的事情。 2. 确定句：be going to +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否认句：be not g

16、oing to +动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football.一般疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football 特别疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形如：What is Jim going to do 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形如：Who is going to play football 4 I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：填空。1. 我准备明天

17、和挚友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我们将要学习英语We _ _ _ learn English. We _ learn English. 五、一般过去1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去常常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的改变：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的

18、句子，其否认、疑问的改变和is, am, are一样，即否认句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否认句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday 特别疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形如：What did Jim do yesterday 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式如：Who went to home yesterday 动词过去式改变规则：1.一般在动词末

19、尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing

20、-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_plant_are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ put _ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习（1）用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school

21、just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 用be动词

22、的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 行为动词的过去时练习（2）1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Sprin

23、g Festival 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday。 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. （二）小升初英语词类：动词、名词和形容词不太简单区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法： 先用“一(量词)”(如：一个、一张等)和这

24、个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去推断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道) 1、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词(就是我们平常总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。 (1)行为动词就是我们平常上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，详细推断方法如下：有，就加ing 读句子读该单词相识该单词理解意思看有无be动词(若是be goi

25、ng to 就用原形) 没有，再看情态动词有，就用原形有，就加ed没有，再看有无表示过去的时间状语 是第三人称单数就加s或es没有，再看主语不是第三人称单数就用原形 (2)be动词 a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，全部复数全用are。b、确定和否认句I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑问句Am I a Ch

26、inese Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. No,it isnt.我们如今学过的be动词大致分两类：is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般如今时、如今进展时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。推断步骤：第一、三人称单数，就用was有，再看人称第二人称单数和全部复数，就用were 看有无表示过去的时间状语第一人称单数，就用am 没有，再看人称第三人称单数，就有is 第二人称单数和全部复数，就用a

27、re 。用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom 6. Where _ your mother She _ at home.7. How _ your father 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this 10

28、. Whose socks _ they (3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特别的动词，平常我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出如今同一个句子中。我们如今学过的情态动词有：can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响) 2、名词表示某一事物，有详细的和抽象的之分。推断的关键词往往是be动词，be动词假如是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词假如是are或were，名词就加s或es。这里强调两点：不行数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词去作推断，

29、以免受误导。如何加后缀：a.一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-po

30、licemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 推断步骤：如是am、is或was原形读句子读该单词相识该单词理解意思看be动词如是are或were加s或es3、形容词(包括副词) 形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比拟的状况下就用原形，比拟时就+er。两个重要特征：asas中间确定用原形，有th

31、an的时候确定+er。4、人称代词和物主代词第一人称I me we us my mine our ours 第二人称you you you you your yours your yours 第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs she her her her sit it its its 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的) 一般看后面有没出名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。用所给词的适当形式填空1. That i

32、s not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5、数量词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an有详细的意思，一(个)，the没有详细意思，有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可依据汉语意思。a和an的区分：an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。