高考英语知识点考点全归纳1.docx

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1、高考英语学问串讲第1讲一、Language Points1.sharev. 共享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份sparea. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts：不遗余力 spare no expense：不惜工本savev. 节约，救出2.He felt lucky to have survived the war.3.with sb about/over sth：和某人就

2、某事争辩arguefor/against sth：赞成/反对Sb into/out of (doing) sth：劝服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthhave+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)5.So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语So it is/was with+另一主语6.should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7.except/but/except for/

3、except that/except wh-clausebesides/in additionapart frombut for=without8.The first time+从句For the first time：作时间状语Its the first time+that-clause(完成时)the first+名词+to do9.mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（状）10.be equal to sth：与相等be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)某事equal sth：与相

4、等equal sb in sth：在方面与某人匹敌pareto/withcompared to/with12.a great manyseveral/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)(many) dozens ofa great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/two dozen of +pron.13.much too+adj/adv(原级)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否认句) happen(表示偶尔、碰巧之意)sth+ take pl

5、ace(多表示有组织、有支配) break out(指斗争、灾难、疾病等的爆发) occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to do：某人突然想起15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do：表将来With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进展 Done：表过去16. 强调句型的推断方法：假如将句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例：It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.二、语法专题名词的考点1. 考察可数名词

6、和不行数名词，尤其是很多不行数名词在确定状况下变为可数名词。2. 考察名词的格，即 s全部格，of全部格或双重全部格。3. 名词作定语。4. 名词及名词短语的辨析。5. 名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。三、题型归纳辨析型单项填空1. 名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要留意名词单复数的意义区分，如parent指父亲或母亲，而parents指父母双亲；people指人们，而a people指民族。其次留意可数与不行数时的意义区分，如: exercise指熬炼；而exercises指练习题或练习操；再次，留意同义名词或近义名词的区分，如: event指发生的重大事务、体育工程；incident指偶发事务；而a

7、ccident指意外事务。最终还要留意近形词的区分，如: cloth指布；cloths指各种不同用处的布；clothes指衣服(复数)，clothing衣服(总称)。2. 动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要理解动词的及物与不及物，如: reply意为“答复，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区分，如: advise与persuade, 前者指劝告、劝告，强调过程；而后者指劝服，强调结果。最终还要区分各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing形式表示正在进展或伴随的动作；v-ed形式表示完成或被动；to do形式表示即将进展的动

8、作等。3. 形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要留意近义词间的区分，如: clever指对问题处理的圆滑；bright指对问题的反响快；wise指选择的正确等。此外，如wide与broad; strong与powerful; interesting与interested; exciting与excited等。二是留意同形的形容词和副词，如: close作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”。三是留意同根副词的区分，如: hard与hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。四是留意副词形式的形容词，如: friendly, lovely, lively事实上是形

9、容词，切不行当作副词运用。五是留意形容词的位置区分，如: present+n.与n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。4. 介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如: across, through, past, over为动作介词，across强调从外表横过，越过；through强调从空间穿过；past强调从侧面、旁边经过；over强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段间隔 、空间等。此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的区分。5. 连词的辨析连词的区分主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when, whil

10、e与as; because, since与for; whether与if; though, as与although等。二是留意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如： every/each time; the first/secondtime; the moment; the minute等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。三是留意副词转化而成的连词，如: directly, immediately, instantly等。四是留意连词的词序，如: only if与if only, 前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是就好了”。6. 代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如: other, others, the

11、other, the others, another等；人称代词，如: one, it, that等和关系代词，如: which与that; which与as; whose与prep.+which/whom等。1. Does the teacher_ you to go home this weekendA. allowB. consentC. agreeD. approve2. After the big fire, the house was completely_.A. ruinedB. destroyedC. damagedD. spoiled3. The hunter said he

12、 was lucky to get out of the forest_.A. livingB. aliveC. livelyD. live4. _ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.A. Tiring withB. Tiring ofC. Tired withD. Tired of5. Its necessary to have some_ knowledge for this job.A. electricB. electricalC. elctronD. electricity6. The photo

13、_ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.A. hangB. hangingC. hungD. hanged7. On New Years Day, people, especially girls, always wear new_-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes.A. clothesB. clothingC. clothD. cloths8. He stays up_ in the evenings to go online to get the_ information.A.

14、late, latestB. lately, lastC. late, lastD. latest, latest9. _ is it to ask her about her about that She doesnt know it either.A. What goodB. How good C. What a good D. How much good10. _ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.A. HardlyB. DirectlyC. mostlyD. Nearly11. It is said you went to see Je

15、nny yesterday. What has become_ herA. fromB. ofC. intoD. /12. Who do you think will be allowed_ there tomorrowA. visitB. to visitC. visitingD. visited13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship_ the sea.A. inB. acrossC. from inD. across from14. You wil find what great benefit the com

16、puter you own can be_ each time you use it to help you work.A. forB. ofC. atD. on15. I thought he was not_ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school.A. somethingB. anythingC. somebodyD. anybody16. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid

17、we have no_ but to take a taxi.A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection17. _ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.A. Tens of thousands ofB. Tens upon thousands ofC. Tens in thousandsD. Ten thousands of18. The farmers plan to produce three times_ in the year before last

18、to meet the increasing need of the people.A. of crop as much this year asB. as much crop this year asC. as more crop this year asD. much crop this year than19. I think the house is_ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable.A. tooB. ratherC. fairlyD. a little20. His mother d

19、islikes him, for he_ lies.A. tellsB. is always tellingC. has toldD. always told1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BBAAB 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 BABCB第2讲一、Language points1. sb./sth.+adj/n sb./sth.+to do consider(以为，认为) sb./sth.+as that-clause n. consider(考虑) doing 疑问词+to do sth “把当作”的译法：consideras =think of/look on/take/regar

20、d/treat/haveas2. to do A way+ of doing (that/in which)+定语从句 A method of doing sth by this meansYou can solve the problem+ with this method in this wayby means of:通过方式，以手段by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式 by all means:务必，确定；（用于答复）当然行，请 by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）3. protect(from) doing sth prevent/stop(f

21、rom) doing sth keepfrom doing keepdoing under the potection of4. as well as well as might/may as well=had better5. to do specially+ for-phrase especially6. along the river:沿着河流 over the river:在河的正上方 through the forest:穿过森林 by the river:在河边 on the bank:在河岸上7. follow the instructions follow ones advic

22、e as follows8. be responsible to sb for sth9. n. doing/to do sth sb to do sthprefer+ sth to sth doing A to doing B to do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sth10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another 一个接一个（强调动作的重复） n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变更） tree after tree/day by day11. say “hi” to sb. Please

23、remember me to sb.向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb. Send the best wishes to sb.12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do stheg. This question is difficult to answer.=Its difficult to answer the question.The man is har

24、d to work with.=Its hard to work with the man.当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。Eg. He wants water to drink. She has a room to live in.I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there二、语法专题冠词的考点1. 考察冠词的一些根本用法，例如：复数名词、不行数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。2.

25、考察冠词的习惯用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。3. 考察冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的详细化，a success; a/an+专知名词表泛指，an Edison。4. 考察零冠词的用法。三、题型归纳构造型单项填空构造型试题常表如今句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分别等，从而引起句子构造的变更，扰乱对句子的推断。1. 有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误会。2. 标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影

26、响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的构造。3. 插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离裂开，造成对句子构造的误会。4. 倒装句型的根本构造：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were, had, 和should应置于句首，采纳倒装构造；4）表示祝福的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）as, though引导让步状语从句时：提早部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否认意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当not until

27、+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采纳倒装构造，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not onlybut also连接两个句子时，第一个句子采纳倒装构造，第二个句子不采纳倒装构造；9）no soonertham, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen都表示“一就”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采纳倒装构造，但从句不倒装。 10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采纳倒装，但only+主语则不应采纳倒装；11）在so/suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv

28、.或such置于句首时，其主句常采纳倒装构造。5. 强调句型，感慨句，并列句的应用。6. 独立主格构造。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.1. He said he would do what he could_ us.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped2. He spent all the money he had_ that dictionary.A. buyB.

29、to buyC. buyingD. bought3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of_ from the country.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. them4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, _ defeated his rival.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who5. The way you think of_ our living conditions sounds reasonable.A. i

30、mproveB. to improveC. improvingD. improvement6. I feel strongly that whatever you_ matter to me.A. dont B. do doesntC. dont doD. doesnt do7. Is this school_ you studied in two years agoA. thatB. whenC. itD. the one8. Please tell me the way thought of_ the garden.A. take care ofB. to take care ofC. t

31、aking care ofD. how to take care of9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had_ went wrong again.A. it repairedB. to be repaired C. repairedD. repairing10. We will do everything we can_ our city.A. to saveB. saveC. savingD. saved11. The air quality in Beijing as well as in

32、 the neighboring cities we once spent much time_ better and better.A. in gettingB. having gotC. in is gettingD. has got12. Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, _ an article for the wall newspaperA. has writeB. has writtenC. have writeD. have written13. What do you consider_ to herA. to happe

33、nB. happeningC. happenedD. happens14. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_ some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up15. To his joy, the day he looked forward to_ at lastA. comingB. comeC. cameD. have come16. How long do you think it is_ she arri

34、ved hereA. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BDBCA 11-16 CCCBCD第3讲一、Language points1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth: 将归功于 owing to: 由于 thanks to/because of/due to2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth sing high praise for sb/sth3

35、. apologize to sb for (doing) sth make an apology to sb for (doing) sth excuse sb for (doing) sth forgive sb for (doing) sth pardon sb for (doing) sth4. make an impression on sb have an impression of sth impress sth on/upon ones mind5. serve in the army on the office serve the people/the dish serve

36、sb with sth=serve sth to sb serve as the chairman6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿开玩笑make a joke about laugh at: 讪笑 have a joke with sb: 开某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戏弄 in joke: 闹着玩，开玩笑7. to do Its time+ for sth For sb to do sth That-clause（一般过去时）8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些 one: 替代上文提到的同类

37、名词中的一个，表泛指 it: 指上文提到的同一个事物 that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不行数名词9. none: 用来答复how many/how much引导的问句，常与of连用 no one: 只能指人，用来答复who引导的问句 neither: 两者都不，表单数 nothing: 用于指物，用来答复what引导的问句10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth 表示某种特殊用处的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth. clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词： A suit of clothes 注：

38、不能干脆用数词修饰，但可用many, few, his, my, thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 clothing: 服装，穿着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A piece of clothing, an artcle of clothing dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。 suit: 成套的衣服。11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的 lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的 alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句

39、中作表语或后置定语 living: 活着，健在的，现行的12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作)；accept: 承受，领受(主观意愿) 承受教化、惩处、支持，遭遇不幸，接待客人：只用receive 承受某条件、建议：只用accept13. turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变更的自然现象 The weather has turned much colder. go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的状况：The milk went wrong/bad. become+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变更的结果 Please dont get angry. come+adj: 一般表示

40、向好的方面变更。 My dream has come true.14. 含有插入语的疑问句：What do you think has happened to himHow do you suppose the film will endWhy do you believe he is unfit for the office15. 主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we, 谓语是think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told时，疑问部分根据从

41、句确定，否认转移时，疑问部分用确定语气。She think it is a good idea, doesnt sheI think it is a good idea, isnt itI dont think it is a good idea, is it二、语法专题代词的考点1. 不定代词：(1)all, any, none, both, either, neither; (2)another, other, the other, others, the others; (3)复合不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, no one; something, any

42、thing, everything, nothing.2. it的用法：(1)it作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、间隔 ；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种状况；代替指示代词this, that。(2)it作引导词：作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it用于强调句型。3. 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的用法。4. 人称代词在运用中要留意主格和宾格的区分，反身代词则要留意和主语一样。三、题型归纳习语、搭配型单项填空语言的习惯表达是语言在长期运用过程中的结果，不能随意变更。其表

43、现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面。习语、搭配型单项填空主要考察对英语习语及搭配的驾驭和运用，这就须要在平常多加留意和积累，切不行想当然。1. 介词后的宾语：介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，但是，在考试时要留意一些习惯用法。如：far from satisfied/over; take sth for granted; in hospital与in the hospital; at sea与at the sea。2. 冠词的增删：固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法，若去掉或增加，都会使其意思发生变更。如：in prison与in the prison; in bed与on the bed; in school与in the school; in possession of与in the possession of; in charge of与in the charge of; in front of与in the front of。3. 非谓语动词短语的考察重点：一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系；二是非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系；三是非谓语动词的习惯用法。另外，有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来，而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配。如：to be t