人教版高中英语必修三unit4知识点汇总及练习.docx

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1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars单元要点预览词汇部分词语辨析1. loudly / loud / aloud 2. unlike / dislike 3. remain / leave4. climate / weather 5. now that / since / because / as 词形改变1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，强暴；猛烈violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.根本(础)的n.pl.根本原那么(法那么) fundamentally adv.

2、 根本地；根本地 fundament n. 根底；根本3. development n.生长，开展；新状况develop vt.开展；产生 vi.生长；开展developed adj. 兴盛的developing adj. 开展的4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产(蛋) lay-laid-laid-layinglie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie-lay-lain-lyinglie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎lie-lied-lied-lying5. prevent vt. 预防，防止prevention n.预防；阻挡；阻碍preventable adj.可防止的，可预防的6. gentle

3、adj.亲善的；温柔的gently adv.温柔地；静静地7. physics n.物理，物理学physicist n.物理学家physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 重点单词 1. system n.c 系统；体系；制度；方法 2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)3. harmful adj. 有害的；损害的 4. exist vi. 存在；生存 5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；挪动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力7. cheer vt.&vi. (使)欢乐、激

4、昂；(对)欢呼 重点词组1. to begin with 以开始；由作为开头；首先2. in time 与时；最终；迟早3. in one s turn 轮到某人；接着4. prevent.from 使不做事；阻挡做某事5. block out 拦住光线6. be off = set off 动身；动身；不用上班/学/开张7. break out (灾难、斗争等)突发；爆发8. watch out 亲密凝视；注意；提防 重点句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water va

5、pour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere.2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.重点语法宾语从句和表语从句见语法部分语言要点.词语辨析 1. loudly / loud /

6、aloud【说明】loudly adv 洪亮地，高声地 loud adj/adv 与sing, speak, talk连用aloud adv 相对默读而言；出声【练习】依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). Will you please speak _ 2). It is good for you to read English _ every morning. 3). The bomb exploded _.4). Is her voice _ enough 5). Action speaks _ than words (事实胜于雄辩). 2. unlike / dislike【说明】

7、unlike prep. 不像，和不同 adj. 作表语 不相像；不同dislike vt./n. 不宠爱，厌恶【练习】依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). A good hotel manager should know his regular guests likes and _.2). Her latest novel is quite _ her earlier work.3). If you go on like that you ll get yourself _ (like).4). I was very interested in the lecture, _ many

8、of the students.3. remain/leave【说明】remain vi. 仍旧是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain + n. 仍旧是 remain + adj./adv./prep. 仍旧是 remain + v-ed/v-ing 仍旧是 remain to be done有待去做，依旧要做leave vt. 剩下，忽视或未拿或未带某物，使或让某人、事物处某状态某地等常用句型：leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb. 给某人留下某物leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下(某物) leave sth to sb 将某物遗赠给某人remai

9、ning/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。【练习】依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). Someone _ you this note while you were out. 2). After the earthquake, little _ of the village.3). He used the _ money to buy a dictionary.4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money_. 5). Arriving home, I found

10、that I d _ my key in the office. 6). Don t leave her _ (wait) outside in the rain. 7). She remained _ (change) after all these years.8). A great many things remain _ (do). 4. climate / weather【说明】climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或常常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的改变状况。【练习】依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We shall go out

11、 for a picnic tomorrow if the _ is fine.2). A drier _ would be good for your health.3). I couldnt imagine what it would be like to live in a hot _. 4). The _ of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad _. 5. now that / since / because / as【说明】都可引导缘由状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导干脆而明确的缘由，也用来答

12、复why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/now that，表示或明显的缘由，再次是as，引导的缘由是不言而喻、自不待言的；for引导的是并列分句，表推想或推断的缘由，前面有逗号隔开。【练习】依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). _ everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 2) It was _ he was ill that he didn t go to school. 3). It must have rained last night, _ the ground is all wet.4). _ we are alone, we

13、 can speak freely.词性改变1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，强暴；猛烈violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.根本(础)的n.pl.根本原那么(法那么) fundamentally adv. 根本地；根本地 fundament n. 根底；根本3. development n.生长，发展；新状况develop vt.开展；产生 vi.生长；开展developed adj. 兴盛的developing adj. 开展的4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产(蛋) lay-laid-laid-laying

14、lie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie-lay-lain-lyinglie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎lie-lied-lied-lying5. prevent vt. 预防，防止prevention n.预防；阻挡；阻碍preventable adj.可防止的，可预防的gently adv.温柔地；静静地7. physics n.物理，物理学physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 【练习】用括号内所供应词的适当形式填空。1). The naughty boy _ (lie) to me that the hen that _ (lie) there just now had _

15、(lay) two eggs the day before.2). In my opinion, _ (prevent) is more important than treatment.3). Some programs on the Internet are full of _ (violent) and sex.4). With the _ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused.5). China is a _ (develop) country belong to the third world.

16、6). There are _ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine.7). His ambition is to become a great _ (physics).重点词汇1. system n.c 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的典例 1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。2). Alcohol is bad for your system.

17、喝酒对身体有害。练习 依据句子的意思完成句子。1). The _ _ (教化系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed _ _ (铁路系统).2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)典例1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。2). Who should we lay the blame on 我们该责怪谁重点用法 lay短语：lay eggs 下蛋 l

18、ay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄钱lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上练习 依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). The bird _ its eggs in other birds nests. 2). He is a political leader that _ _ _ _ (特别强调) individual responsibility. 3). He _ some money _ for rainy days. 3. harmful adj. 有害的；损害的 harm n.&vt.

19、损害某人 典例Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 许多人都意识到吸烟的危害。重点用法be harmful to sb./sth. 对有害do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对有害；损害练习 依据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Everyone knows that smoking is _ to your health.2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do

20、 _ to their growth.3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛损害很大。_ 4. exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在典例1). Does life exist on Mars 火星上有生命吗 2). I can hardly exist on the wage I m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。重点用法exist + prep. 存在于地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存 练习 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。1). This plant _ only _ Australia. 2). Can you _ _ such a low

21、 salary3). I doubt the _ (exist) of alien.5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 典例1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的答复把我弄糊涂了。 2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍稀里糊涂。重点用法sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/犯难sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索以便理解puzzle one

22、 s brain苦思苦想；费尽心机solve a puzzle 解决一个难题练习 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。1). To explain the _ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories. 2). I _ (puzzle) that I haven t heard from Liz for so long.3). She listened with a _ (puzzle) expression on her face.4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ (puzzle) of

23、 how life began.5). He _ (puzzle) what to do next.6). _ _ _ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone.6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；挪动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力典例1). You push and I ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。 2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。重点用法pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先於某人/物pull (sb) b

24、ack使某人退却；撤回某人pull off (sth)指机动车辆驶离道路至路侧停车处停下pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使别离；掏出；驶离车站pull on 穿，戴上袜子、手套等pull together 同心同德；通力合作练习 用pull短语的适当形式填空。1). I arrived as the last train was _ _.2). He _ _ a gun and aimed at the criminal.3). So long as we _ _, there s no mountain top we cant conquer.7. cheer vt. & vi. (使

25、)欢乐、激昂；(对)欢呼 cheerful adj.欢乐的 cheerless adj.不欢乐的 典例1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息特别欢乐。重点用法cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb) up使某人更欢乐或更愉快练习 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。1). Your visit has greatly _ him up.2). The crowd _ the runners _ as

26、 they started the last lap.3). You look as though you need _ up.重点词组1. to begin with = to start with 以开始；由作为开头；首先典例To begin/start with, I couldn t understand a single word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。重点用法begin/start with 从开始 begin/start sth with 从开始 练习 依据句子的意思完成句子。1). He _ his speech _ a poem. 2). His speech _ _ a

27、 poem.3). _ _ _, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old. 2. in time 与时；最终；迟早 典例 1). They caught the bus in time. 他们与时赶上了汽车。2). If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 假如坚持下去，你们总有一天会胜利的。短语归纳 time短语：in time for sth./ to do sth. 与时；不迟in no time 立即；立刻at no time永不 at one time 有

28、个时期；曾经；一度at a time 一次；每次 at times = sometimes 有时 all the time 始终；始终；老是on time 按时；准时by the time到的时候为止 for the time being 短暂；暂且take one s time不焦急；渐渐来 kill time 消磨时间from time to time 时常地，间或 many a time 常常；屡次 once upon a time 从前at the same time 同时；尽管如此 ahead of time 提早，提早race against time 争分夺秒time and a

29、gain 一次又一次；重复地keep time (钟表)走得准keep bad time钟、表走得不准 take one s time 渐渐来，别急have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很 It s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth. 是做某事的时候了 练习 用time短语填空。1). They sent the mail to me just _ _, before I 1eft.2). William arrived at the theatre just _ _ for the

30、play was to be on. 3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _ _ _. 4). _ _ _ will I give up. 5). The boy laughed and cried _ _ _ _.6). _ _ _ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.7). Dont try to do everything at once; take it a bit _ _ _.

31、8). Youll have your own office soon, but _ _ _ _ you ll have to share one with me.3. in one s turn 轮到某人；接着 典例 I will see you, each in your turn. 我将要一个接着一个地看你。短语归纳 turn短语：in turn轮番；一个接着一个by turns轮番；一阵一阵 take turns (to do sth.)轮番做某物 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了练习 用turn短语填空或翻译句子。1).She went hot an

32、d cold _ _.2).我们轮番着开车。_3). 今日轮到谁发言了？_4. prevent.from = stop.from = keep.from 使不做事；阻挡做某事典例 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow s game. 他背部的伤可能使他参与不了明天的竞赛。【用法辨析】留意: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from不行省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人始终做某事之意；但如在被

33、动语态中，三者的from都不行省；当后接sb s doing sth. 作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因为没有keep sb s doing sth. 的句型。练习 依据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1). Doctors took action to _ _ _ _ _ (防止这种疾病的扩散).2).Of course I can t _ your going abroad. 3). 警察阻挡他们携带武器。_5. block out 拦住光线典例That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光线都遮住了。短语归纳 out短语：brea

34、k out 爆发，发生burst out 大声喊叫，突然起来go out 外出；过时；(灯)熄put out 关(灯)；扑灭；消费come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是help out 扶植解决难题(或摆脱逆境)look out注意；留意watch out 留意；提防find out 找出，查明，发觉pick out挑出，识别出，辨别出 speak out 大声地说，大胆地说think out细致思索某事；想出办法等 hang out 挂出，闲逛knocked out (拳击中)击倒，打昏sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销turn out 结果证明是run out (of) 用完，耗

35、尽check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去hand out 分发，散发give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)练习 用out短语填空。1). At the end of the race his legs _ _ and he collapsed on the ground.2). It s easy to _ him _ in a crowd because he is very tall. 3). His nwe book will _ _ next month.4). We thought it was going to rain; it _ _ to be a fin

36、d day.5). We _ _ of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.6. be off = set off 动身；动身；不用上班/学/开张典例 Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。短语归纳 off短语：get off 下车fall off 从摔下来take off 脱下；起飞keep off 远离 turn off 关闭pay off 付清，还清set.off 给送行kick off 踢球jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 夸耀shut off 关闭 练习 用turn短语填空

37、或翻译。1). It is a Sunday and we _ _ (不用上班) today.2). Her husband _ _ on a business trip somewhere. 3). There we saw a sign reading, “_ _ the grass.4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _ _ all her debts. 7. break out (灾难、斗争等) 突发；爆发典例 Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。 短语归纳 break短语：bre

38、ak away from 脱离党派；摆脱限制break down毁掉；坏掉；(方案/会谈)失败break up打碎；拆散；(会议)完毕；分裂(解体)break off (使)停顿；中断；折断 break into sth. 强行进入某处break one s word/promise食言；说话不算数练习 用break短语填空。1). A terrible tsunami _ _ in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.2). When do you _ _ for Christmas3). Negotiations be

39、tween the two sides have _ _.4). His house was _ _ last week. 8. watch out 亲密凝视；注意；提防 典例 Watch out! There s a car coming. 当心! 汽车来了。重点用法watch out for sb/sth 警觉或留意某人/事物watch over 爱护；照看 练习 用watch短语填空。1). There must have been an angel _ _ me that day.2). What problems should I _ _ _ when buying an old h

40、ouse3). You ll become an alcoholic if you don t _ _.重点句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. 它(地球)宏大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。说明“be

41、 + 不定式构造通常用来表示“按方案或支配将要做的事情，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下吩咐，“应当做某事或表示某事“将必定发生。例如：1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after class. 你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。2). The worst is still to come. 更糟糕的事情还会发生。3). We ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我们明天将开会。4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am. 这趟火车将于上午10: 25到达北京。练习 完成句子或翻译。1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you _ _ _ to her office after class. (你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2). The wo